{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:04:59Z","timestamp":1791374699723,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,17]],"date-time":"2016-08-17T09:12:53Z","timestamp":1471425173000},"page":"92-96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Neuro-immune interactions in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Colin","family":"Reardon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0005","unstructured":"Autoimmune Diseases Coordinating Committee, Autoimmune Diseases Research Plan, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services NIH Publication No. 03\u20135140 (2002) iii."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050516","article-title":"Infliximab for Induction and Maintenance Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"353","author":"Rutgeerts","year":"2005","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0015","series-title":"B cell trophic factors and B cell antagonism in autoimmune disease","author":"Stohl","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.26279","article-title":"The natural history of corticosteroid therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study","volume":"121","author":"Faubion","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-305259","article-title":"The temporal evolution of antidrug antibodies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with infliximab","volume":"63","author":"Ungar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2473","article-title":"Personalizing medicine for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases","volume":"14","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01018.x","article-title":"Regulatory t cells and foxp3","volume":"241","author":"Rudensky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021293","article-title":"Prevention of arthritis by interleukin 10\u2013producing B cells","volume":"197","author":"Mauri","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"7452","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12240","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells regulate CD4+ T-cell responses to intestinal commensal bacteria","volume":"498","author":"Hepworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1209985","article-title":"Acetylcholine-synthesizing t cells relay neural signals in a vagus nerve circuit","author":"Rosas-Ballina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1221655110","article-title":"Lymphocyte-derived ACh regulates local innate but not adaptive immunity","author":"Reardon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"6785","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/35013070","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin","volume":"405","author":"Borovikova","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6921","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01339","article-title":"Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor [alpha]7 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation","volume":"421","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040463","article-title":"Cholinergic stimulation blocks endothelial cell activation and leukocyte recruitment during inflammation","volume":"201","author":"Saeed","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000259381.56526.96","article-title":"Selective alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist GTS-21 improves survival in murine endotoxemia and severe sepsis","volume":"35","author":"Pavlov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802684","article-title":"Cholinergic neural signals to the spleen down-regulate leukocyte trafficking via CD11b","volume":"183","author":"Huston","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G560","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00098.2007","article-title":"Vagus nerve integrity and experimental colitis","volume":"293","author":"Ghia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2013.52","article-title":"Central cholinergic activation of a vagus nerve-to-spleen circuit alleviates experimental colitis","volume":"7","author":"Ji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.015","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation: a new bioelectronics approach to treat rheumatoid arthritis?","volume":"28","author":"Koopman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000186762.05301.13","article-title":"Activation of an efferent cholinergic pathway produces strong protection against myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury in rats*","volume":"33","author":"Mioni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1229","article-title":"Stimulation of the vagus nerve attenuates macrophage activation by activating the Jak2-STAT3 signaling pathway","volume":"6","author":"de Jonge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S1566-0702(00)00219-8","article-title":"Vagal immune-to-brain communication: a visceral chemosensory pathway","volume":"85","author":"Goehler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9471","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-22-09471.1998","article-title":"Activation of vagal afferents after intravenous injection of interleukin-1beta: role of endogenous prostaglandins","volume":"18","author":"Ek","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0120","first-page":"53","article-title":"TNF(\u03b1): a trigger of autonomic dysfunction, the neuroscientist: a review journal bringing neurobiology","volume":"14","author":"Hermann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5237","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6220-11.2012","article-title":"Tumor Necrosis Factor activation of vagal afferent terminal calcium is blocked by cannabinoids","volume":"32","author":"Rogers","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.10.054","article-title":"Evidence for neuronal expression of functional Fc (\u03b5 and \u03b3) receptors","volume":"125","author":"van der Kleij","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.23.1.3936","article-title":"Intraepithelial vagal sensory nerve terminals in rat pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies express P2\u00d73 receptors","volume":"23","author":"Brouns","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.00403.x","article-title":"P2X purinoceptor-induced sensitization of ferret vagal mechanoreceptors in oesophageal inflammation","volume":"523","author":"Page","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S1566-0702(00)00233-2","article-title":"Role of vagus nerve signaling in CNI-1493-mediated suppression of acute inflammation","volume":"85","author":"Borovikova","year":"2000","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011714","article-title":"Pharmacological stimulation of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway","volume":"195","author":"Bernik","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-8166(79)90012-0","article-title":"Innervation of the periarteriolar lymphatic sheath of the spleen","volume":"11","author":"Reilly","year":"1979","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.1993.1021","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase staining and choline acetyltransferase activity in the young adult rat spleen: lack of evidence for cholinergic innervation","volume":"7","author":"Bellinger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3741","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23376","article-title":"Neuronal and nonneuronal cholinergic structures in the mouse gastrointestinal tract and spleen","volume":"521","author":"Gautron","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2481","article-title":"CLARITY for mapping the nervous system","volume":"10","author":"Chung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11008","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803237105","article-title":"Splenic nerve is required for cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway control of TNF in endotoxemia","volume":"105","author":"Rosas-Ballina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(93)90046-W","article-title":"Characterization of vagal innervation to the rat celiac, suprarenal and mesenteric ganglia","volume":"42","author":"Berthoud","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Auton. Nerv. Syst."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2011.061531","article-title":"Neural regulation of inflammation: no neural connection from the vagus to splenic sympathetic neurons","volume":"97","author":"Bratton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01824.x","article-title":"Neuroanatomical evidence demonstrating the existence of the vagal anti-inflammatory reflex in the intestine","volume":"124","author":"Cailotto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-061010-113817","article-title":"The development and application of optogenetics","volume":"34","author":"Fenno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(99)00071-6","article-title":"Extraneuronal cholinergic system in lymphocytes","volume":"86","author":"Kawashima","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.2741\/1390","article-title":"Expression of non-neuronal acetylcholine in lymphocytes and its contribution to the regulation of immune function","volume":"9","author":"Kawashima","year":"2004","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(03)00002-4","article-title":"Neuro-immune connections: evidence for a neuro-immunological synapse","volume":"24","author":"Tournier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1987.tb00534.x","article-title":"Noradrenergic sympathetic neural interactions with the immune system: structure and function","volume":"100","author":"Felten","year":"1987","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4340","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003722","article-title":"alpha7-cholinergic receptor mediates vagal induction of splenic norepinephrine","volume":"186","author":"Vida","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2011.00405","article-title":"Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) expression in bone marrow-derived non-T cells is required for the inflammatory reflex","volume":"18","author":"Olofsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040540","article-title":"Unphosphorylated STAT3 modulates alpha7 nicotinic receptor signaling and cytokine production in sepsis","volume":"40","author":"Pe\u00f1a","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2013.116","article-title":"MicroRNA-124 mediates the cholinergic anti-inflammatory action through inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines","volume":"23","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.04.016","article-title":"Activation of \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors increases intracellular cAMP levels via activation of AC1 in hippocampal neurons","volume":"95","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C567","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00422.2002","article-title":"Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 7 regulates cAMP signal within lipid rafts","volume":"285","author":"Oshikawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0250","first-page":"446","article-title":"Effects of prostaglandin E2, cholera toxin and 8-bromo-cyclic AMP on lipopolysaccharide-induced gene expression of cytokines in human macrophages","volume":"84","author":"Zhong","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3479","article-title":"Dopamine mediates vagal modulation of the immune system by electroacupuncture","volume":"20","author":"Torres-Rosas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.12.023","article-title":"Neuro-immune interactions drive tissue programming in intestinal macrophages","volume":"164","author":"Gabanyi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7444","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/496159a","article-title":"Drug discovery: a jump-start for electroceuticals","volume":"496","author":"Famm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006_bib0270","first-page":"3","article-title":"A new approach to rheumatoid arthritis: treating inflammation with computerized nerve stimulation","volume":"2012","author":"Andersson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cerebrum"}],"container-title":["Immunology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165247816301468?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165247816301468?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T16:43:03Z","timestamp":1568306583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165247816301468"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S0165247816301468"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-2478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-2478","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neuro-immune interactions in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Immunology Letters","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.08.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 European Federation of Immunological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}