{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:52:17Z","timestamp":1791312737676,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82270556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82270556"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:17:42Z","timestamp":1759537062000},"page":"107100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Profiling of circulating T follicular helper and T peripheral helper cell subsets in patients with primary biliary cholangitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"277","author":[{"given":"Haixia","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuehong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoxin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senlin","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuie","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenying","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9788-7183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingwang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10266","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31607-X","article-title":"Primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"396","author":"Lleo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2013-0926","article-title":"The accuracy of the anti-mitochondrial antibody and the M2 subtype test for diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250103","article-title":"Quantitative measurement of autoantibodies to recombinant mitochondrial antigens in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: relationship of levels of autoantibodies to disease progression","volume":"25","author":"Van Norstrand","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05620.x","article-title":"Antimitochondrial antibody profiles: are they valid prognostic indicators in primary biliary cirrhosis?","volume":"97","author":"Joshi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8959103","article-title":"Meta-analysis of antinuclear antibodies in the diagnosis of antimitochondrial antibody-negative primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"2019","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Res. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20010956","article-title":"Identification of HLA-A2-restricted CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell responses in primary biliary cirrhosis: t cell activation is augmented by immune complexes cross-presented by dendritic cells","volume":"195","author":"Kita","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0214698","article-title":"Quantitative and functional analysis of PDC-E2-specific autoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"109","author":"Kita","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80276-4","article-title":"Autoreactive liver-infiltrating T cells in primary biliary cirrhosis recognize inner mitochondrial epitopes and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex","volume":"18","author":"L\u00f6hr","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.08.015","article-title":"Distinct effector B cells induced by unregulated toll-like receptor 7 contribute to pathogenic responses in systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"49","author":"Jenks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0010","first-page":"1924","article-title":"T cells that help B cells in chronically inflamed tissues, front","volume":"9","author":"Rao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol."},{"issue":"7639","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20810","article-title":"Pathologically expanded peripheral T helper cell subset drives B cells in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"542","author":"Rao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0012","article-title":"Clonal relationships between tph and tfh cells in patients with SLE and in murine lupus","author":"Sasaki","year":"2025","journal-title":"BioRxiv."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.8.1123","article-title":"In vivo-activated CD4 T cells upregulate CXC chemokine receptor 5 and reprogram their response to lymphoid chemokines","volume":"190","author":"Ansel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3734","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103246","article-title":"Bcl6 and Maf cooperate to instruct human follicular helper CD4 T cell differentiation","volume":"188","author":"Kroenke","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.05.009","article-title":"Generation of T follicular helper cells is mediated by interleukin-21 but independent of T helper 1, 2, or 17 cell lineages","volume":"29","author":"Nurieva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12040","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of follicular T-helper (Tfh) cells","volume":"252","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"issue":"5943","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176676","article-title":"Bcl6 mediates the development of T follicular helper cells","volume":"325","author":"Nurieva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.130062","article-title":"PD-1hiCXCR5- T peripheral helper cells promote B cell responses in lupus via MAF and IL-21","volume":"4","author":"Bocharnikov","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"5943","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175870","article-title":"Bcl6 and Blimp-1 are reciprocal and antagonistic regulators of T follicular helper cell differentiation","volume":"325","author":"Johnston","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27306","article-title":"CXCR5+ CD4+ T follicular helper cells participate in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.09.007","article-title":"Expanded circulating peripheral helper T cells in primary biliary cholangitis: tph cells in PBC","volume":"131","author":"Yong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-021-10276-6","article-title":"APASL clinical practice guidance: the diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"16","author":"You","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2021.03.001","article-title":"Increased circulating PD-1(hi)CXCR5- peripheral helper T cells are associated with disease severity of active ulcerative colitis patients","volume":"233","author":"Long","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217646","article-title":"Unique expansion of IL-21+ tfh and tph cells under control of ICOS identifies Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome with ectopic germinal centres and MALT lymphoma","volume":"79","author":"Pontarini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2024.106905","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis at pre- and post-flare of T peripheral helper and T follicular helper subsets in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"269","author":"Seki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1995.tb00064.x","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis: the molecule and the mimic","volume":"144","author":"Coppel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.5.1835","article-title":"HLA DRB4 0101-restricted immunodominant T cell autoepitope of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in primary biliary cirrhosis: evidence of molecular mimicry in human autoimmune diseases","volume":"181","author":"Shimoda","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.2.723","article-title":"Heterogeneity of autoreactive T cell clones specific for the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"181","author":"Van de Water","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI4213","article-title":"Identification and precursor frequency analysis of a common T cell epitope motif in mitochondrial autoantigens in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"102","author":"Shimoda","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.12.012","article-title":"Human blood CXCR5(+)CD4(+) T cells are counterparts of T follicular cells and contain specific subsets that differentially support antibody secretion","volume":"34","author":"Morita","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1226","article-title":"Follicular T helper cell signatures in primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"2","author":"Adam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5209","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20165209","article-title":"Follicular helper T cell in immunity and autoimmunity","volume":"49","author":"Mesquita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.11.1553","article-title":"CXC chemokine receptor 5 expression defines follicular homing T cells with B cell helper function","volume":"192","author":"Schaerli","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32117","article-title":"Primary biliary cholangitis: 2021 practice guidance update from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"75","author":"Lindor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1998.01553.x","article-title":"Autoantibodies against a 210 kDa glycoprotein of the nuclear pore complex as a prognostic marker in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"13","author":"Itoh","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21678","article-title":"Anti-gp210 antibody mirrors disease severity in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"45","author":"Bogdanos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21472","article-title":"Anti-gp210 and anti-centromere antibodies are different risk factors for the progression of primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"45","author":"Nakamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-04874-3","article-title":"Anti-human-TIGIT agonistic antibody ameliorates autoimmune diseases by inhibiting tfh and tph cells and enhancing treg cells","volume":"6","author":"Kojima","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun. Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.11.1545","article-title":"Follicular B helper T cells express CXC chemokine receptor 5, localize to B cell follicles, and support immunoglobulin production","volume":"192","author":"Breitfeld","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20191638","article-title":"Regulation of the germinal center and humoral immunity by interleukin-21","volume":"217","author":"Tangye","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez169","article-title":"Two populations of circulating PD-1hiCD4 T cells with distinct B cell helping capacity are elevated in early rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"58","author":"Fortea-Gordo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e27687","article-title":"Circulating TIGIT(\u00b1)PD1(+)TPH, TIGIT (\u00b1) PD1(+)TFH cells are elevated and their predicting role in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"10","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000109","article-title":"Correlation of biochemical markers and HCV RNA titers with fibrosis stages and grades in chronic HCV-3a patients","volume":"26","author":"Shahid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840110404","article-title":"Mechanism of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase release in serum during intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis in the rat: a histochemical, biochemical and molecular approach","volume":"11","author":"Bulle","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0045","first-page":"262","article-title":"Serum gamma glutamyl transferase as a specific indicator of bile duct lesions in the rat liver","volume":"116","author":"Leonard","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24630","article-title":"Immunoglobulin M levels inversely correlate with CD40 ligand promoter methylation in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"55","author":"Lleo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiae085","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of immune signatures in primary biliary cholangitis and autoimmune Hepatitis","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."}],"container-title":["Immunology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165247825001336?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165247825001336?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T16:51:27Z","timestamp":1781023887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165247825001336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0165247825001336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-2478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-2478","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Profiling of circulating T follicular helper and T peripheral helper cell subsets in patients with primary biliary cholangitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Immunology Letters","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imlet.2025.107100","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Federation of Immunological Societies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107100"}}