{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:21:45Z","timestamp":1791346905448,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]],"date-time":"2005-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]],"date-time":"2005-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2999,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,18]],"date-time":"2005-05-18T08:01:08Z","timestamp":1116403268000},"page":"607-619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":376,"title":["Evidence that HIV-1 Encodes an siRNA and a Suppressor of RNA Silencing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yamina","family":"Bennasser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Yun","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monsef","family":"Benkirane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuan-Teh","family":"Jeang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2004.04.007","article-title":"Crystal structure of p19--a universal suppressor of RNA silencing","volume":"29","author":"Baulcombe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1125","article-title":"Intrinsic immunity: a front-line defense against viral attack","volume":"5","author":"Bieniasz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11531","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.21.11531-11535.2003","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 escape from RNA interference","volume":"77","author":"Boden","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1999.1583","article-title":"HIV-I TAT inhibits PKR activity by both RNA-dependent and RNA-independent mechanisms","volume":"373","author":"Cai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5196","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.9.5196","article-title":"Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by small interfering RNA-mediated RNA interference","volume":"169","author":"Capodici","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/418379a","article-title":"Medicine: silencing viruses with RNA","volume":"418","author":"Carmichael","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.5.2601-2605.2004","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 escapes from RNA interference-mediated inhibition","volume":"78","author":"Das","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90017-6","article-title":"The trans-activator gene of the human T cell lymphotropic virus type III is required for replication","volume":"44","author":"Dayton","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2004.01.021","article-title":"RNA silencing: a conserved antiviral immunity of plants and animals","volume":"102","author":"Ding","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/35078107","article-title":"Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells","volume":"411","author":"Elbashir","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(99)01818-1","article-title":"RNA-triggered gene silencing","volume":"15","author":"Fire","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1038\/35888","article-title":"Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"391","author":"Fire","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/320367a0","article-title":"The trans-activator gene of HTLV-III is essential for virus replication","volume":"320","author":"Fisher","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.2144\/03344st02","article-title":"RNA interference by production of short hairpin dsRNA in ES cells, their differentiated derivatives, and in somatic cell lines","volume":"34","author":"Grabarek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib15","series-title":"RNAi: A Guide to Gene Silencing","author":"Hannon","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00423-9","article-title":"DNA deamination mediates innate immunity to retroviral infection","volume":"113","author":"Harris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1089\/088282402317340260","article-title":"To interfere and to anti-interfere: the interplay between hepatitis C virus and interferon","volume":"15","author":"He","year":"2002","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06583.x","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency viruses regulated by alternative trans-activators: genetic evidence for a novel non-transcriptional function of Tat in virion infectivity","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"1994","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E98","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0020098","article-title":"Sequence-specific inhibition of small RNA function","volume":"2","author":"Hutvagner","year":"2004","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28837","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.41.28837","article-title":"Multifaceted activities of the HIV-1 transactivator of transcription, Tat","volume":"274","author":"Jeang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1159\/000073526","article-title":"Inhibition of virus replication by RNA interference","volume":"10","author":"Joost Haasnoot","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6106","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.21.6106","article-title":"HIV-1 tat transcriptional activity is regulated by acetylation","volume":"18","author":"Kiernan","year":"1999","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib23","first-page":"211","article-title":"An RNA pattern matching program with enhanced performance and portability","volume":"10","author":"Laferriere","year":"1994","journal-title":"Comput. Appl. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3574","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkf473","article-title":"RNA molecules with structure dependent functions are uniquely folded","volume":"30","author":"Le","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1070948","article-title":"Induction and suppression of RNA silencing by an animal virus","volume":"296","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308308100","article-title":"Interferon antagonist proteins of influenza and vaccinia viruses are suppressors of RNA silencing","volume":"101","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.18987-0","article-title":"Double-stranded RNA-binding proteins could suppress RNA interference-mediated antiviral defences","volume":"84","author":"Lichner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(02)00539-7","article-title":"RNAi targeting an animal virus: news from the front","volume":"9","author":"Lindenbach","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15228","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.232434999","article-title":"A viral suppressor of RNA silencing differentially regulates the accumulation of short interfering RNAs and micro-RNAs in tobacco","volume":"99","author":"Mallory","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gng077","article-title":"Establishment of conditional vectors for hairpin siRNA knockdowns","volume":"31","author":"Matsukura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.11.007","article-title":"Small RNAs and immunity","volume":"21","author":"McManus","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg908","article-title":"Gene silencing in mammals by small interfering RNAs","volume":"3","author":"McManus","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)01183-7","article-title":"NMR structure of the mature dimer initiation complex of HIV-1 genomic RNA","volume":"458","author":"Mujeeb","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5572","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.8.5572-5581.1996","article-title":"Recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes with tat unconstrained by overlapping reading frames reveal residues in Tat important for replication in tissue culture","volume":"70","author":"Neuveut","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/nm725","article-title":"siRNA-directed inhibition of HIV-1 infection","volume":"8","author":"Novina","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"Suppl A","key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib36","first-page":"S17","article-title":"Dynamics of HIV-1 and CD4+ lymphocytes in vivo","volume":"11","author":"Perelson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nri998","article-title":"Hide, shield and strike back: how HIV-infected cells avoid immune eradication","volume":"3","author":"Peterlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1089\/088922203322230932","article-title":"Heterogeneity of HIV-1 Rev response element","volume":"19","author":"Phuphuakrat","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.2000.0295","article-title":"Living in oblivion: HIV immune evasion","volume":"13","author":"Piguet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1999.1206","article-title":"Biochemical and functional interactions between HIV-1 Tat protein and TAR RNA","volume":"365","author":"Rana","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5611","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.8.5611-5617.1996","article-title":"Paradoxical interactions between human delta hepatitis agent RNA and the cellular protein kinase PKR","volume":"70","author":"Robertson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(03)00158-6","article-title":"Human viruses under attack by small inhibitory RNA","volume":"11","author":"Saksela","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02777","article-title":"Cyclophilin A retrotransposition into TRIM5 explains owl monkey resistance to HIV-1","volume":"430","author":"Sayah","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3070","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf312","article-title":"A viral protein suppresses RNA silencing and binds silencing-generated, 21- to 25-nucleotide double-stranded RNAs","volume":"21","author":"Silhavy","year":"2002","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4914(02)02421-8","article-title":"RNA interference: a promising approach to antiviral therapy?","volume":"8","author":"Silva","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0703-853","article-title":"HIV-1 pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Stevenson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02343","article-title":"The cytoplasmic body component TRIM5alpha restricts HIV-1 infection in Old World monkeys","volume":"427","author":"Stremlau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib48","first-page":"291","article-title":"Flavonoid genes in petunia: addition of a limited number of gene copies may lead to a suppression of gene expression","volume":"2","author":"van der Krol","year":"1990","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1061334","article-title":"RNA silencing in plants--defense and counterdefense","volume":"292","author":"Vance","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1555","article-title":"Induction and suppression of RNA silencing: insights from viral infections","volume":"6","author":"Voinnet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.62.1.139-147.1988","article-title":"In vitro mutagenesis identifies a region within the envelope gene of the human immunodeficiency virus that is critical for infectivity","volume":"62","author":"Willey","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt739","article-title":"siRNA-mediated gene silencing in vitro and in vivo","volume":"20","author":"Xia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02213","article-title":"Recognition of small interfering RNA by a viral suppressor of RNA silencing","volume":"426","author":"Ye","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1102-1019","article-title":"Viral interference with antigen presentation","volume":"3","author":"Yewdell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.02.021","article-title":"Plant RNAi: how a viral silencing suppressor inactivates siRNA","volume":"14","author":"Zamore","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.05.004","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]],"date-time":"2005-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117584000000}}],"container-title":["Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1074761305001056?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1074761305001056?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T07:49:01Z","timestamp":1761032941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1074761305001056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1074761305001056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1002776.323012","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1074-7613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1074-7613","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evidence that HIV-1 Encodes an siRNA and a Suppressor of RNA Silencing","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Immunity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}