{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:19:38Z","timestamp":1791476378380,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T10:47:25Z","timestamp":1682938045000},"page":"1220-1238.e7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["M cell maturation and cDC activation determine the onset of adaptive immune priming in the neonatal Peyer\u2019s patch"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3013-8724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Torow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas Charles Adrian","family":"Hitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Mingels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahed","family":"Al Bounny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"van Best","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva-Lena","family":"Stange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britta","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Mai\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lennart","family":"R\u00fcttger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narasimha Murthy Keshava Prasad","family":"Gubbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darryl Adelaide","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Benabid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gadermayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solveig","family":"Runge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Treichel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorit","family":"Merhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan Patrick","family":"Rosshart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Jehmlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy Wesley","family":"Hand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"von Bergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Heymann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Pabst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Clavel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Tacke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugues","family":"Lelouard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan Gesteira","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6096-9110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias Walter","family":"Hornef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90748-4","article-title":"Toward a layered immune system","volume":"59","author":"Herzenberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13149","article-title":"'Layered immunity' and the 'neonatal window of opportunity' - timed succession of non-redundant phases to establish mucosal host-microbial homeostasis after birth","volume":"159","author":"Hornef","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0461-z","article-title":"Microbiota therapy acts via a regulatory T\u00a0cell MyD88\/RORgammat pathway to suppress food allergy","volume":"25","author":"Abdel-Gadir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.10.004","article-title":"Intestinal microbial diversity during early-life colonization shapes long-term IgE levels","volume":"14","author":"Cahenzli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.04.009","article-title":"Early-life antibiotic-driven dysbiosis leads to dysregulated vaccine immune responses in mice","volume":"23","author":"Lynn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219328","article-title":"Microbial exposure during early life has persistent effects on natural killer T\u00a0cell function","volume":"336","author":"Olszak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9424","article-title":"Antibiotics in neonatal life increase murine susceptibility to experimental psoriasis","volume":"6","author":"Zanvit","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0469-4","article-title":"Farm-like indoor microbiota in non-farm homes protects children from asthma development","volume":"25","author":"Kirjavainen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac6623","article-title":"Farm dust and endotoxin protect against allergy through A20 induction in lung epithelial cells","volume":"349","author":"Schuijs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.04.007","article-title":"Variation in microbiome LPS immunogenicity contributes to autoimmunity in humans","volume":"165","author":"Vatanen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.022","article-title":"Microbiota-induced Type I interferons instruct a poised basal state of dendritic cells","volume":"181","author":"Schaupp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42145","article-title":"Interferon-alpha-inducible dendritic cells matured with OK-432 exhibit TRAIL and Fas ligand pathway-mediated killer activity","volume":"7","author":"Koya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib13","article-title":"Interferon-alpha-induced dendritic cells generated with human platelet lysate exhibit elevated antigen presenting ability to cytotoxic T lymphocytes","volume":"9","author":"Date","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-06-363564","article-title":"IFN-alpha enhances cross-presentation in human dendritic cells by modulating antigen survival, endocytic routing, and processing","volume":"119","author":"Spadaro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803214","article-title":"Absence of IFN-beta impairs antigen presentation capacity of splenic dendritic cells via down-regulation of heat shock protein 70","volume":"183","author":"Zietara","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.01.011","article-title":"Constitutive type I interferon modulates homeostatic balance through tonic signaling","volume":"36","author":"Gough","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/35073080","article-title":"A weak signal for strong responses: interferon-alpha\/beta revisited","volume":"2","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8725","article-title":"Active suppression of intestinal CD4(+)TCRalphabeta(+) T-lymphocyte maturation during the postnatal period","volume":"6","author":"Torow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-021-00448-w","article-title":"Dendritic cell functions in the inductive and effector sites of intestinal immunity","volume":"15","author":"Luciani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.08.007","article-title":"Innate and adaptive humoral responses coat distinct commensal bacteria with immunoglobulin A","volume":"43","author":"Bunker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0227-4","article-title":"IgA and the intestinal microbiota: the importance of being specific","volume":"13","author":"Pabst","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05141-x","article-title":"ILC3s select microbiota-specific regulatory T\u00a0cells to establish tolerance in the gut","volume":"610","author":"Lyu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05089-y","article-title":"A RORgammat(+) cell instructs gut microbiota-specific Treg cell differentiation","volume":"610","author":"Kedmi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05309-5","article-title":"Novel antigen presenting cell imparts Treg-dependent tolerance to gut microbiota","volume":"610","author":"Akagbosu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2017.30","article-title":"Distribution, location, and transcriptional profile of Peyer's patch conventional DC subsets at steady state and under TLR7 ligand stimulation","volume":"10","author":"Bonnardel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.09.035","article-title":"Transcriptional basis of mouse and human dendritic cell heterogeneity","volume":"179","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20659-2","article-title":"Environmental signals rather than layered ontogeny imprint the function of type 2 conventional dendritic cells in young and adult mice","volume":"12","author":"Papaioannou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-061020-053707","article-title":"Dendritic cells revisited","volume":"39","author":"Cabeza-Cabrerizo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2370","article-title":"Deciphering the transcriptional network of the dendritic cell lineage","volume":"13","author":"Miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.07.019","article-title":"Broad and largely concordant molecular changes characterize tolerogenic and immunogenic dendritic cell maturation in thymus and periphery","volume":"45","author":"Ardouin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01254","article-title":"The Peyer's patch mononuclear phagocyte system at steady state and during infection","volume":"8","author":"Da Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601253","article-title":"The neonatal window of opportunity: setting the stage for life-long Host-Microbial Interaction and Immune Homeostasis","volume":"198","author":"Torow","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223490","article-title":"Interactions between the microbiota and the immune system","volume":"336","author":"Hooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.02.036","article-title":"An integrated metagenome catalog reveals new insights into the murine gut microbiome","volume":"30","author":"Lesker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0203-7","article-title":"Antigen discovery and specification of immunodominance hierarchies for MHCII-restricted epitopes","volume":"24","author":"Graham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1315792111","article-title":"Secretory antibodies in breast milk promote long-term intestinal homeostasis by regulating the gut microbiota and host gene expression","volume":"111","author":"Rogier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17655","article-title":"Normalizing the environment recapitulates adult human immune traits in laboratory mice","volume":"532","author":"Beura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw4361","article-title":"Laboratory mice born to wild mice have natural microbiota and model human immune responses","volume":"365","author":"Rosshart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.016","article-title":"Wild mouse gut microbiota promotes Host Fitness and Improves Disease Resistance","volume":"171","author":"Rosshart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.10.047","article-title":"Commensal microbiota modulation of natural resistance to virus infection","volume":"183","author":"Stefan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.04.006","article-title":"The gut microbiota prime systemic antiviral immunity via the cGAS-STING-IFN-I axis","volume":"55","author":"Erttmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3611","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.6.3611-3617.2001","article-title":"Timing, localization, and persistence of colonization by segmented filamentous bacteria in the neonatal mouse gut depend on immune status of mothers and pups","volume":"69","author":"Jiang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5205","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.9.5205","article-title":"Regulation of intestinal dendritic cell migration and activation by plasmacytoid dendritic cells, TNF-alpha and type 1 IFNs after feeding a TLR7\/8 ligand","volume":"176","author":"Yrlid","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00034","article-title":"Peracetic acid treatment generates potent inactivated oral vaccines from a Broad Range of culturable bacterial species","volume":"7","author":"Moor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.121","article-title":"Antigen sampling by intestinal M cells is the principal pathway initiating mucosal IgA production to commensal enteric bacteria","volume":"9","author":"Rios","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2352","article-title":"The Ets transcription factor Spi-B is essential for the differentiation of intestinal microfold cells","volume":"13","author":"Kanaya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004385","article-title":"Age-dependent enterocyte invasion and microcolony formation by Salmonella","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5738","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901563","article-title":"RANKL is necessary and sufficient to initiate development of antigen-sampling M cells in the intestinal epithelium","volume":"183","author":"Knoop","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101147","article-title":"Microbial stimulation reverses the age-related decline in M cells in aged mice","volume":"23","author":"Donaldson","year":"2020","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.10.009","article-title":"Salmonella transforms follicle-associated epithelial cells into M cells to promote intestinal invasion","volume":"12","author":"Tahoun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib51","first-page":"177","article-title":"Salmonella-induced M-cell formation in germ-free mouse Peyer's patch tissue","volume":"139","author":"Savidge","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.04.007","article-title":"Variation in microbiome LPS immunogenicity contributes to autoimmunity in humans","volume":"165","author":"Vatanen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1007302","article-title":"Exposure to environmental microorganisms and childhood asthma","volume":"364","author":"Ege","year":"2011","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1095-x","article-title":"Maturation of the gut microbiome during the first year of life contributes to the protective farm effect on childhood asthma","volume":"26","author":"Depner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax6624","article-title":"MAIT cells are imprinted by the microbiota in early life and promote tissue repair","volume":"366","author":"Constantinides","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-020-00764-z","article-title":"A single early-in-life antibiotic course increases susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis","volume":"12","author":"Ozkul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.36521","article-title":"Experimental evaluation of the importance of colonization history in early-life gut microbiota assembly","volume":"7","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.02.014","article-title":"A weaning reaction to microbiota is required for resistance to immunopathologies in the adult","volume":"50","author":"Al Nabhani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abj0789","article-title":"Infant T\u00a0cells are developmentally adapted for robust lung immune responses through enhanced T\u00a0cell receptor signaling","volume":"6","author":"Thapa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5256.1726","article-title":"Induction of protective CTL responses in newborn mice by a murine retrovirus","volume":"271","author":"Sarzotti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1385\/IR:22:2-3:177","article-title":"T cell immunity in neonates","volume":"22","author":"Garcia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5256.1728","article-title":"Induction of TH1 and TH2 immunity in neonatal mice","volume":"271","author":"Forsthuber","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.04.055","article-title":"Maternal IgG and IgA antibodies dampen mucosal T helper cell responses in early life","volume":"165","author":"Koch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002670","article-title":"Age-dependent TLR3 expression of the intestinal epithelium contributes to rotavirus susceptibility","volume":"8","author":"Pott","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.12.006","article-title":"Maturation of the neonatal oral mucosa involves unique epithelium-microbiota interactions","volume":"29","author":"Koren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.02.021","article-title":"Developmental trajectory of the healthy human gut microbiota during the first 5 years of life","volume":"29","author":"Roswall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17183-8","article-title":"Bile acids drive the newborn's gut microbiota maturation","volume":"11","author":"van Best","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11053","article-title":"Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography","volume":"486","author":"Yatsunenko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0395-5","article-title":"Neonatal selection by toll-like receptor 5 influences long-term gut microbiota composition","volume":"560","author":"Fulde","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvv121","article-title":"Intestinal M cells","volume":"159","author":"Ohno","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.11.039","article-title":"Peyer's patch dendritic cells sample antigens by extending dendrites through M cell-specific transcellular pores","volume":"142","author":"Lelouard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3639","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00434-12","article-title":"Peyer's patch M cells derived from Lgr5(+) stem cells require SpiB and are induced by RankL in cultured \"miniguts\"","volume":"32","author":"de Lau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070561","article-title":"The turnover of the epithelium of the small intestine","volume":"23","author":"Creamer","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60844-2","article-title":"Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study","volume":"382","author":"Kotloff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24489","article-title":"A single-cell survey of the small intestinal epithelium","volume":"551","author":"Haber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1463","article-title":"Blimp1 regulates the transition of neonatal to adult intestinal epithelium","volume":"2","author":"Muncan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aao1314","article-title":"Microbial antigen encounter during a preweaning interval is critical for tolerance to gut bacteria","volume":"2","author":"Knoop","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib78","series-title":"ONECUT2 restricts microfold cell numbers in the small intestine; a multi-omics study","author":"Luna Velez","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.11.008","article-title":"Epithelial colonization by gut dendritic cells promotes their functional diversification","volume":"55","author":"Rivera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz9447","article-title":"Vaccination strategies to enhance immunity in neonates","volume":"368","author":"Kollmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31575-6","article-title":"Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e204","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30541-8","article-title":"Diarrhoeal disease and subsequent risk of death in infants and children residing in low-income and middle-income countries: analysis of the GEMS case-control study and 12-month GEMS-1A follow-on study","volume":"8","author":"Levine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib83","series-title":"Disease Control Priorities: Improving Health and Reducing Poverty, RD","first-page":"2000","article-title":"Global and regional causes of death: patterns and trends","author":"Mathers","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820000618","article-title":"Enteric pathogens associated with gastroenteritis among children under 5 years in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"148","author":"Oppong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.01.054","article-title":"Meeting Report: WHO Workshop on modelling global mortality and aetiology estimates of enteric pathogens in children under five. Cape Town, 28-29th November 2018","volume":"38","author":"Prudden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihz051","article-title":"Maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health: challenges for the next decade","volume":"11","author":"Costello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30104-1","article-title":"Countdown to 2030: tracking progress towards universal coverage for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health","volume":"391","author":"Boerma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12307","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1400473111","article-title":"Vaccines against poverty","volume":"111","author":"MacLennan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1711.1998.00709.x","article-title":"Defective TCR expression in transgenic mice constructed using cDNA-based alpha- and beta-chain genes under the control of heterologous regulatory elements","volume":"76","author":"Barnden","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90169-4","article-title":"T cell receptor antagonist peptides induce positive selection","volume":"76","author":"Hogquist","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062648","article-title":"Notch-RBP-J signaling controls the homeostasis of CD8- dendritic cells in the spleen","volume":"204","author":"Caton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.05.016","article-title":"Toll-like receptors activate innate and adaptive immunity by using dendritic cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms","volume":"29","author":"Hou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7360","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.21.7360","article-title":"Cloning of Ly-5 cDNA","volume":"82","author":"Shen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5367","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.10.5367","article-title":"Generation of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor-deficient mouse with marked reduction of secretory IgA","volume":"163","author":"Shimada","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3253","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-06-027599","article-title":"Type I interferons directly regulate lymphocyte recirculation and cause transient blood lymphopenia","volume":"108","author":"Kamphuis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4106","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.11.4106-4114.2000","article-title":"Analysis of fractalkine receptor CX(3)CR1 function by targeted deletion and green fluorescent protein reporter gene insertion","volume":"20","author":"Jung","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks808","article-title":"Evaluation of general 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR primers for classical and next-generation sequencing-based diversity studies","volume":"41","author":"Klindworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3192","article-title":"Spatial reconstruction of single-cell gene expression data","volume":"33","author":"Satija","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2859","article-title":"The dynamics and regulators of cell fate decisions are revealed by pseudotemporal ordering of single cells","volume":"32","author":"Trapnell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv033","article-title":"MEGAHIT: an ultra-fast single-node solution for large and complex metagenomics assembly via succinct de Bruijn graph","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153","article-title":"Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation","volume":"30","author":"Seemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz859","article-title":"KofamKOALA: KEGG ortholog assignment based on profile HMM and adaptive score threshold","volume":"36","author":"Aramaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","article-title":"Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data","volume":"30","author":"Bolger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib104","series-title":"BBMap: A fast, accurate, splice-aware aligner. 9th Annual Genomics of Energy\u00a0& Environment Meeting","author":"Bushnell","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W256","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz239","article-title":"Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL) v4: recent updates and new developments","volume":"47","author":"Letunic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2010.02.007","article-title":"Comparative analysis of fecal DNA extraction methods with phylogenetic microarray: effective recovery of bacterial and archaeal DNA using mechanical cell lysis","volume":"81","author":"Salonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib107","unstructured":"Lelouard, H., Mailfert, S., and Fallet, M. (2018). A ten-color spectral imagingstrategy to reveal localization of gut immune cell subsets. https:\/\/www.zeiss.fr\/content\/dam\/Microscopy\/fr\/download\/note_application_a_ten_color.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4096","article-title":"Integrating single-cell transcriptomic data across different conditions, technologies, and species","volume":"36","author":"Butler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021800","article-title":"REVIGO summarizes and visualizes long lists of gene ontology terms","volume":"6","author":"Supek","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abl5053","article-title":"Single-cell multiomics defines tolerogenic extrathymic Aire-expressing populations with unique homology to thymic epithelium","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.7.2802-2813.1997","article-title":"Molecular microbial diversity of an anaerobic digestor as determined by small-subunit rDNA sequence analysis","volume":"63","author":"Godon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib112","series-title":"Finding a \u201cKneedle\u201d in a Haystack: detecting knee points in system behavior. 2011 31st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems","author":"Satopaa","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16366-7","article-title":"Precise phylogenetic analysis of microbial isolates and genomes from metagenomes using PhyloPhlAn 3.0","volume":"11","author":"Asnicar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S107476132300170X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S107476132300170X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T08:21:39Z","timestamp":1761034899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S107476132300170X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":113,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S107476132300170X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1074-7613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1074-7613","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"M cell maturation and cDC activation determine the onset of adaptive immune priming in the neonatal Peyer\u2019s patch","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Immunity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}