{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T03:50:13Z","timestamp":1788839413009,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":379,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T10:38:02Z","timestamp":1699007882000},"page":"2635-2649.e6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Dissecting the intricacies of human antibody responses to SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Ruoke","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanyu","family":"Nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bini","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinfang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zichun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinqian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangjunqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanling","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinquan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhe R.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taisheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030781","article-title":"A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"348","author":"Ksiazek","year":"2003","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1085952","article-title":"Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"300","author":"Rota","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1085953","article-title":"The genome sequence of the SARS-associated coronavirus","volume":"300","author":"Marra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China","volume":"323","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13077-2","article-title":"Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"361","author":"Peiris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13410-1","article-title":"Epidemiological determinants of spread of causal agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong","volume":"361","author":"Donnelly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib8","series-title":"SARS outbreak contained worldwide","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib9","series-title":"WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib10","series-title":"China\u2019s latest SARS outbreak has been contained, but biosafety concerns remain\u00a0\u2013 update 7","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1086\/422040","article-title":"Antibody response of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) targets the viral nucleocapsid","volume":"190","author":"Leung","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9804","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403492101","article-title":"Contributions of the structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus to protective immunity","volume":"101","author":"Buchholz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20096","article-title":"Evaluation of antibody responses against SARS coronaviral nucleocapsid or spike proteins by immunoblotting or ELISA","volume":"73","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20499","article-title":"Antibody responses against SARS coronavirus are correlated with disease outcome of infected individuals","volume":"78","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2349-y","article-title":"Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibody","volume":"583","author":"Pinto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307140101","article-title":"Potent neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus by a human mAb to S1 protein that blocks receptor association","volume":"101","author":"Sui","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12123","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701000104","article-title":"Potent cross-reactive neutralization of SARS coronavirus isolates by human monoclonal antibodies","volume":"104","author":"Zhu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1080","article-title":"An efficient method to make human monoclonal antibodies from memory B cells: potent neutralization of SARS coronavirus","volume":"10","author":"Traggiai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e237","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030237","article-title":"Human monoclonal antibody combination against SARS coronavirus: synergy and coverage of escape mutants","volume":"3","author":"ter Meulen","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc5881","article-title":"Structural basis for neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV by a potent therapeutic antibody","volume":"369","author":"Lv","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.06.008","article-title":"Identification of novel bat coronaviruses sheds light on the evolutionary origins of SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses","volume":"184","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.10.023","article-title":"Cross-neutralization of a SARS-CoV-2 antibody to a functionally conserved site is mediated by avidity","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf4830","article-title":"Broad and potent activity against SARS-like viruses by an engineered human monoclonal antibody","volume":"371","author":"Rappazzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2108453","article-title":"Pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing antibodies in BNT162b2-immunized SARS-CoV-1 survivors","volume":"385","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2180-5","article-title":"Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor","volume":"581","author":"Lan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1116480","article-title":"Structure of SARS coronavirus Spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor","volume":"309","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007236","article-title":"Cryo-EM structure of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein in complex with its host cell receptor ACE2","volume":"14","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2380-z","article-title":"Human neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"584","author":"Ju","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2852-1","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody structures inform therapeutic strategies","volume":"588","author":"Barnes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abh2315","article-title":"Defining variant-resistant epitopes targeted by SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: a global consortium study","volume":"374","author":"Hastie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01222-1","article-title":"Targeted isolation of diverse human protective broadly neutralizing antibodies against SARS-like viruses","volume":"23","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabl9605","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abl9605","article-title":"Broadly neutralizing antibodies to SARS-related viruses can be readily induced in rhesus macaques","volume":"14","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03925-1","article-title":"Lectins enhance SARS-CoV-2 infection and influence neutralizing antibodies","volume":"598","author":"Lempp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd7331","article-title":"Learning the language of viral evolution and escape","volume":"371","author":"Hie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaa036","article-title":"On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"7","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Natl. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-7-299","article-title":"Potent and persistent antibody responses against the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV spike protein in recovered patients","volume":"7","author":"Cao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04005-0","article-title":"High genetic barrier to SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal neutralizing antibody escape","volume":"600","author":"Schmidt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.02.003","article-title":"Comprehensive mapping of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain that affect recognition by polyclonal human plasma antibodies","volume":"29","author":"Greaney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.037","article-title":"Mapping neutralizing and immunodominant sites on the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain by structure-guided high-resolution serology","volume":"183","author":"Piccoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151381","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2151381","article-title":"Omicron variants escape the persistent SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response in 2-year COVID-19 convalescents regardless of vaccination","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf4063","article-title":"Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8\u00a0months after infection","volume":"371","author":"Dan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac034","article-title":"Antibody course and memory B-cell response in the first year after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection","volume":"226","author":"Kannenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-01051-2","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of antibody dynamics in COVID-19 convalescents reveals neutralizing responses up to 16\u00a0months after infection","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2021.100354","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis shows durable and broad immune memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection with persisting antibody responses and memory B and T\u00a0cells","volume":"2","author":"Cohen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03647-4","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection induces long-lived bone marrow plasma cells in humans","volume":"595","author":"Turner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02365","article-title":"cAb-Rep: a database of curated antibody repertoires for exploring antibody diversity and predicting antibody prevalence","volume":"10","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01449-6","article-title":"Infection with wild-type SARS-CoV-2 elicits broadly neutralizing and protective antibodies against omicron subvariants","volume":"24","author":"Ju","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03207-w","article-title":"Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2","volume":"591","author":"Gaebler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03696-9","article-title":"Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 one year after infection","volume":"595","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0879-y","article-title":"Commonality despite exceptional diversity in the baseline human antibody repertoire","volume":"566","author":"Briney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0934-8","article-title":"High frequency of shared clonotypes in human B cell receptor repertoires","volume":"566","author":"Soto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.044","article-title":"Longitudinal isolation of potent near-germline SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients","volume":"182","author":"Kreer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2571-7","article-title":"Potent neutralizing antibodies against multiple epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 spike","volume":"584","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2456-9","article-title":"Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent individuals","volume":"584","author":"Robbiani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0998-x","article-title":"Rapid isolation and profiling of a diverse panel of human monoclonal antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein","volume":"26","author":"Zost","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc5902","article-title":"Potent neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients define multiple targets of vulnerability","volume":"369","author":"Brouwer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc7520","article-title":"Isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model","volume":"369","author":"Rogers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.12.028","article-title":"Unexpected receptor functional mimicry elucidates activation of coronavirus fusion","volume":"176","author":"Walls","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15829","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M600697200","article-title":"Structure of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00a0receptor-binding domain complexed with neutralizing antibody","volume":"281","author":"Prabakaran","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34610","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M603275200","article-title":"Structural basis of neutralization by a human anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome spike protein antibody, 80R","volume":"281","author":"Hwang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabk3516","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.abk3516","article-title":"Broadening a SARS-CoV-1-neutralizing antibody for potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralization through directed evolution","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0118-9","article-title":"Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses","volume":"17","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04388-0","article-title":"Striking antibody evasion manifested by the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"602","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04594-4","article-title":"Antibody evasion properties of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages","volume":"604","author":"Iketani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05053-w","article-title":"Antibody evasion by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5","volume":"608","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.09.002","article-title":"Antigenic characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2.75","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854952","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.854952","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants reduce antibody neutralization and acquire usage of mouse ACE2","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04385-3","article-title":"Omicron escapes the majority of existing SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies","volume":"602","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib69","first-page":"521","article-title":"Imprinted SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity induces convergent Omicron RBD evolution","volume":"614","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.12.018","article-title":"Alarming antibody evasion properties of rising SARS-CoV-2 BQ and XBB subvariants","volume":"186","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb7269","article-title":"A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV","volume":"368","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109760","article-title":"Broad cross-reactivity across sarbecoviruses exhibited by a subset of COVID-19 donor-derived neutralizing antibodies","volume":"36","author":"Jette","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5652","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25997-3","article-title":"Cross-neutralizing antibodies bind a SARS-CoV-2 cryptic site and resist circulating variants","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2204256119","article-title":"The neutralizing breadth of antibodies targeting diverse conserved epitopes between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2","volume":"119","author":"Xiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb1123","article-title":"Architecture of the SARS coronavirus prefusion spike","volume":"13","author":"Beniac","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb2507","article-title":"Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation","volume":"367","author":"Wrapp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.058","article-title":"Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein","volume":"181","author":"Walls","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7348","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1707304114","article-title":"Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigen","volume":"114","author":"Pallesen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15092","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15092","article-title":"Cryo-EM structures of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV spike glycoproteins reveal the dynamic receptor binding domains","volume":"8","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc7424","article-title":"Broad neutralization of SARS-related viruses by human monoclonal antibodies","volume":"369","author":"Wec","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabp8328","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abp8328","article-title":"Immune recall improves antibody durability and breadth to SARS-CoV-2 variants","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.032","article-title":"The antigenic anatomy of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain","volume":"184","author":"Dejnirattisai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.04.022","article-title":"A multibasic cleavage site in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for infection of human lung cells","volume":"78","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-020-00243-x","article-title":"Ad26 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine encoding a prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 Spike immunogen induces potent humoral and cellular immune responses","volume":"5","author":"Bos","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2027906","article-title":"Safety\u00a0and immunogenicity of two RNA-based Covid-19 vaccine candidates","volume":"383","author":"Walsh","year":"2020","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2622-0","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness","volume":"586","author":"Corbett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.09.015","article-title":"Elicitation of broadly protective sarbecovirus immunity by receptor-binding domain nanoparticle vaccines","volume":"184","author":"Walls","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf6840","article-title":"Mosaic nanoparticles elicit cross-reactive immune responses to zoonotic coronaviruses in mice","volume":"371","author":"Cohen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib90","article-title":"Mosaic RBD nanoparticles induce intergenus cross-reactive antibodies and protect against SARS-CoV-2 challenge","volume":"120","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03594-0","article-title":"Neutralizing antibody vaccine for pandemic and pre-emergent coronaviruses","volume":"594","author":"Saunders","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.03.006","article-title":"Key gp120 glycans pose roadblocks to the rapid development of VRC01-class antibodies in an HIV-1-infected Chinese donor","volume":"44","author":"Kong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2009.02.014","article-title":"High-throughput isolation of immunoglobulin genes from single human B cells and expression as monoclonal antibodies","volume":"158","author":"Liao","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W503","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn316","article-title":"IMGT\/V-QUEST: the highly customized and integrated system for IG and TR standardized V-J and V\u2013D-J sequence analysis","volume":"36","author":"Brochet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib95","first-page":"695","article-title":"IMGT\/V-QUEST: IMGT standardized analysis of the immunoglobulin (IG) and T\u00a0cell receptor (TR) nucleotide sequences","volume":"2011","author":"Giudicelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20501-9","article-title":"Antibody neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 through ACE2 receptor mimicry","volume":"12","author":"Ge","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1074761323004478?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1074761323004478?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T08:22:46Z","timestamp":1761034966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1074761323004478"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1074761323004478"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1074-7613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1074-7613","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dissecting the intricacies of human antibody responses to SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Immunity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}