{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:17:30Z","timestamp":1793330250564,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016882","name":"European Resuscitation Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101088437 ReplaceMi"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101088437 ReplaceMi"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016882","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"FWO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G058921N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G058921N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"FWO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G042021N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G042021N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T10:34:21Z","timestamp":1746354861000},"page":"1085-1100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Border-associated macrophages as gatekeepers of brain homeostasis and immunity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Vara-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0826-4399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiavash","family":"Movahedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abo7649","article-title":"Transforming the understanding of brain immunity","volume":"380","author":"Castellani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05474-7","article-title":"Brain borders at the central stage of neuroimmunology","volume":"612","author":"Rustenhoven","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat7554","article-title":"Single-cell profiling identifies myeloid cell subsets with distinct fates during neuroinflammation","volume":"363","author":"Jord\u00e3o","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.01.011","article-title":"High-Dimensional Single-Cell Mapping of Central Nervous System Immune Cells Reveals Distinct Myeloid Subsets in Health, Aging, and Disease","volume":"48","author":"Mrdjen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0393-4","article-title":"A single-cell atlas of mouse brain macrophages reveals unique transcriptional identities shaped by ontogeny and tissue environment","volume":"22","author":"Van Hove","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2419","article-title":"Gene-expression profiles and transcriptional regulatory pathways that underlie the identity and diversity of mouse tissue macrophages","volume":"13","author":"Gautier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.02.015","article-title":"Establishment and Maintenance of the Macrophage Niche","volume":"52","author":"Guilliams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00848-y","article-title":"Tissue-specific macrophages: how they develop and choreograph tissue biology","volume":"23","author":"Mass","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.024","article-title":"Tissue-Resident Macrophage Ontogeny and Homeostasis","volume":"44","author":"Ginhoux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199301000-00017","article-title":"The \"subdural\" space: a new look at an outdated concept","volume":"32","author":"Haines","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01701-8","article-title":"Advances and controversies in meningeal biology","volume":"27","author":"Betsholtz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1809-z","article-title":"The meninges as barriers and facilitators for the movement of fluid, cells and pathogens related to the rodent and human CNS","volume":"135","author":"Weller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2017.05.002","article-title":"Where are we? The anatomy of the murine cortical meninges revisited for intravital imaging, immunology, and clearance of waste from the brain","volume":"156","author":"Coles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14210","article-title":"Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis","volume":"16","author":"Capecchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.12.040","article-title":"Functional characterization of the dural sinuses as a neuroimmune interface","volume":"184","author":"Rustenhoven","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20142290","article-title":"A dural lymphatic vascular system that drains brain interstitial fluid and macromolecules","volume":"212","author":"Aspelund","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14432","article-title":"Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels","volume":"523","author":"Louveau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05753-x","article-title":"Bacteria hijack a meningeal neuroimmune axis to facilitate brain invasion","volume":"615","author":"Pinho-Ribeiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901640202","article-title":"Junctions in the meninges and marginal glia","volume":"164","author":"Nabeshima","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0301-3","article-title":"Panoptic imaging of transparent mice reveals whole-body neuronal projections and skull-meninges connections","volume":"22","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0213-2","article-title":"Direct vascular channels connect skull bone marrow and the brain surface enabling myeloid cell migration","volume":"21","author":"Herisson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf9277","article-title":"Heterogeneity of meningeal B cells reveals a lymphopoietic niche at the CNS borders","volume":"373","author":"Brioschi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf7844","article-title":"Skull and vertebral bone marrow are myeloid cell reservoirs for the meninges and CNS parenchyma","volume":"373","author":"Cugurra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01029-1","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid regulates skull bone marrow niches via direct access through dural channels","volume":"25","author":"Mazzitelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08163-9","article-title":"Adult skull bone marrow is an expanding and resilient haematopoietic reservoir","volume":"636","author":"Koh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.07.009","article-title":"Distinct molecular profiles of skull bone marrow in health and neurological disorders","volume":"186","author":"Kolabas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.09.002","article-title":"Molecular anatomy of adult mouse leptomeninges","volume":"111","author":"Pietil\u00e4","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adc8810","article-title":"A mesothelium divides the subarachnoid space into functional compartments","volume":"379","author":"M\u00f8llg\u00e5rd","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41580-4","article-title":"VE-cadherin in arachnoid and pia mater cells serves as a suitable landmark for in vivo imaging of CNS immune surveillance and inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Mapunda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06993-7","article-title":"Identification of direct connections between the dura and the brain","volume":"627","author":"Smyth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib31","article-title":"Defining the molecular identity and morphology of glia limitans superficialis astrocytes in mouse and human","author":"Hasel","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aav0492","article-title":"The anatomy and immunology of vasculature in the central nervous system","volume":"4","author":"Mastorakos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib33","first-page":"111","article-title":"Interrelationships of the pia mater and the perivascular (Virchow-Robin) spaces in the human cerebrum","volume":"170","author":"Zhang","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2012.07.004","article-title":"Capture, crawl, cross: the T cell code to breach the blood-brain barriers","volume":"33","author":"Engelhardt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.024","article-title":"Perivascular spaces and their role in neuroinflammation","volume":"110","author":"Ineichen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.65.3.0316","article-title":"Anatomical relationships of the pia mater to cerebral blood vessels in man","volume":"65","author":"Hutchings","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1812-4","article-title":"The role of brain barriers in fluid movement in the CNS: is there a 'glymphatic' system?","volume":"135","author":"Abbott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.991779","article-title":"Glial functions in the blood-brain communication at the circumventricular organs","volume":"16","author":"Miyata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23355","article-title":"Tanycyte-like cells form a blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in the circumventricular organs of the mouse brain","volume":"521","author":"Langlet","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-015-2207-7","article-title":"Heterogeneous vascular permeability and alternative diffusion barrier in sensory circumventricular organs of adult mouse brain","volume":"363","author":"Morita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.03.004","article-title":"Tanycytic VEGF-A boosts blood-hypothalamus barrier plasticity and access of metabolic signals to the arcuate nucleus in response to fasting","volume":"17","author":"Langlet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.1113\/JP284196","article-title":"Shifting from ependyma to choroid plexus epithelium and the changing expressions of aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-4","volume":"602","author":"Mack","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3921","article-title":"Development and functions of the choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid system","volume":"16","author":"Lun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-019-0129-6","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and intracranial pressure elevation in neurological diseases","volume":"16","author":"Bothwell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1807-1","article-title":"Molecular anatomy and functions of the choroidal blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in health and disease","volume":"135","author":"Ghersi-Egea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib46","article-title":"Newly discovered base barrier cells provide compartmentalization of choroid plexus, brain and CSF","author":"Verhaege","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-fluid-120720-011638","article-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow","volume":"55","author":"Kelley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104987","article-title":"The glymphatic system: Current understanding and modeling","volume":"25","author":"Bohr","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/83.3.454","article-title":"The cerebrospinal fluid valves","volume":"83","author":"Welch","year":"1960","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.698865","article-title":"No Arachnoid Granulations-No Problems: Number, Size, and Distribution of Arachnoid Granulations From Birth to 80 Years of Age","volume":"13","author":"Rado\u0161","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01484-6","article-title":"Outflow of cerebrospinal fluid is predominantly through lymphatic vessels and is reduced in aged mice","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06899-4","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal lymphatic plexus is a hub for cerebrospinal fluid drainage","volume":"625","author":"Yoon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0368-8","article-title":"Functional aspects of meningeal lymphatics in ageing and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"560","author":"Da Mesquita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1419-5","article-title":"Meningeal lymphatic vessels at the skull base drain cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"572","author":"Ahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20220035","article-title":"Conserved meningeal lymphatic drainage circuits in mice and humans","volume":"219","author":"Jacob","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3645","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20170391","article-title":"Development and plasticity of meningeal lymphatic vessels","volume":"214","author":"Antila","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20220618","article-title":"Arachnoid granulations are lymphatic conduits that communicate with bone marrow and dura-arachnoid stroma","volume":"220","author":"Shah","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.150881","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrospinal fluid outflow after low-rate lateral ventricle infusion in mice","volume":"7","author":"Decker","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104558","article-title":"Open pathways for cerebrospinal fluid outflow at the cribriform plate along the olfactory nerves","volume":"91","author":"Spera","year":"2023","journal-title":"EBiomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901670302","article-title":"Scanning electron microscopy of the subarachnoid space in the dog. IV. Subarachnoid macrophages","volume":"167","author":"Malloy","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib61","first-page":"537","article-title":"Macrophages related to leptomeninges and ventral nerve roots. An ultrastructural study","volume":"120","author":"Fraher","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05397-3","article-title":"Parenchymal border macrophages regulate the flow dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"611","author":"Drieu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04596-2","article-title":"Specification of CNS macrophage subsets occurs postnatally in defined niches","volume":"604","author":"Masuda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2000.7618","article-title":"Turnover of rat brain perivascular cells","volume":"168","author":"Bechmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2020104464","article-title":"Astrocytic phagocytosis is a compensatory mechanism for microglial dysfunction","volume":"39","author":"Konishi","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abk0391","article-title":"Macrophage compartmentalization in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid system","volume":"7","author":"Munro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.09.023","article-title":"A size selective vascular barrier in the rat area postrema formed by perivascular macrophages and the extracellular matrix","volume":"150","author":"Willis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026317","article-title":"Absence of colony stimulation factor-1 receptor results in loss of microglia, disrupted brain development and olfactory deficits","volume":"6","author":"Erblich","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105268","article-title":"Analysis of homozygous and heterozygous Csf1r knockout in the rat as a model for understanding microglial function in brain development and the impacts of human CSF1R mutations","volume":"151","author":"Patkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.02.040","article-title":"Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor signaling is necessary for microglia viability, unmasking a microglia progenitor cell in the adult brain","volume":"82","author":"Elmore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02199","article-title":"CSF1R Ligands IL-34 and CSF1 Are Differentially Required for Microglia Development and Maintenance in White and Gray Matter Brain Regions","volume":"10","author":"Easley-Neal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.06.008","article-title":"Reticular Fibroblasts Expressing the Transcription Factor WT1 Define a Stromal Niche that Maintains and Replenishes Splenic Red Pulp Macrophages","volume":"53","author":"Bellomo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.07.005","article-title":"Non-classical monocytes scavenge the growth factor CSF1 from endothelial cells in the peripheral vascular tree to ensure survival and homeostasis","volume":"57","author":"Thierry","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.08.017","article-title":"Stellate Cells, Hepatocytes, and Endothelial Cells Imprint the Kupffer Cell Identity on Monocytes Colonizing the Liver Macrophage Niche","volume":"51","author":"Bonnardel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.003","article-title":"A cellular and spatial map of the choroid plexus across brain ventricles and ages","volume":"184","author":"Dani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3599","article-title":"Identification of a unique TGF-beta-dependent molecular and functional signature in microglia","volume":"17","author":"Butovsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3554","article-title":"The microglial sensome revealed by direct RNA sequencing","volume":"16","author":"Hickman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.05.014","article-title":"A Combination of Ontogeny and CNS Environment Establishes Microglial Identity","volume":"98","author":"Bennett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180247","article-title":"Peripherally derived macrophages can engraft the brain independent of irradiation and maintain an identity distinct from microglia","volume":"215","author":"Cronk","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07548-5","article-title":"Engrafted parenchymal brain macrophages differ from microglia in transcriptome, chromatin landscape and response to challenge","volume":"9","author":"Shemer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.006","article-title":"Monocytes can efficiently replace all brain macrophages and fetal liver monocytes can generate bona fide Sall1+ microglia","author":"Bastos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3585","article-title":"Sall1 is a transcriptional regulator defining microglia identity and function","volume":"17","author":"Buttgereit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01962-2","article-title":"IRF8 defines the epigenetic landscape in postnatal microglia, thereby directing their transcriptome programs","volume":"25","author":"Saeki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01528-8","article-title":"SALL1 enforces microglia-specific DNA binding and function of SMADs to establish microglia identity","volume":"24","author":"Fixsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a022061","article-title":"TGF-beta Signaling from Receptors to Smads","volume":"8","author":"Hata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.03.021","article-title":"Early Fate Defines Microglia and Non-parenchymal Brain Macrophage Development","volume":"181","author":"Utz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.01.028","article-title":"A Cre-deleter specific for embryo-derived brain macrophages reveals distinct features of microglia and border macrophages","volume":"56","author":"Brioschi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.11.007","article-title":"A Binary Cre Transgenic Approach Dissects Microglia and CNS Border-Associated Macrophages","volume":"54","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35166-9","article-title":"Deciphering the heterogeneity of the Lyve1(+) perivascular macrophages in the mouse brain","volume":"13","author":"Siret","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2014.03.003","article-title":"Random monoallelic expression: regulating gene expression one allele at a time","volume":"30","author":"Eckersley-Maslin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.54590","article-title":"A new genetic strategy for targeting microglia in development and disease","volume":"9","author":"McKinsey","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.018","article-title":"A Unique Microglia Type Associated with Restricting Development of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"169","author":"Keren-Shaul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.12.006","article-title":"Developmental Heterogeneity of Microglia and Brain Myeloid Cells Revealed by Deep Single-Cell RNA Sequencing","volume":"101","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.01.027","article-title":"White matter aging drives microglial diversity","volume":"109","author":"Safaiyan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.07.004","article-title":"Dual ontogeny of disease-associated microglia and disease inflammatory macrophages in aging and neurodegeneration","volume":"55","author":"Silvin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.09.005","article-title":"Differential plasticity and fate of brain-resident and recruited macrophages during the onset and resolution of neuroinflammation","volume":"55","author":"De Vlaminck","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.002","article-title":"The choroid plexus synergizes with immune cells during neuroinflammation","volume":"187","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42825-y","article-title":"Dissecting the human leptomeninges at single-cell resolution","volume":"14","author":"Kearns","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02673-1","article-title":"Multiomic spatial landscape of innate immune cells at human central nervous system borders","volume":"30","author":"Sankowski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-022-01051-9","article-title":"Single-cell profiling of human dura and meningioma reveals cellular meningeal landscape and insights into meningioma immune response","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194637","article-title":"Fate mapping analysis reveals that adult microglia derive from primitive macrophages","volume":"330","author":"Ginhoux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24192","article-title":"The zinc finger transcription factor Sall1 is required for the early developmental transition of microglia in mouse embryos","volume":"70","author":"Scott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112092","article-title":"CD206(+) macrophages transventricularly infiltrate the early embryonic cerebral wall to differentiate into microglia","volume":"42","author":"Hattori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib104","article-title":"Meningeal origins and dynamics of perivascular fibroblast development on the mouse cerebral vasculature","author":"Jones","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.194449","article-title":"CNS macrophages differentially rely on an intronic Csf1r enhancer for their development","volume":"147","author":"Munro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adg6155","article-title":"Immaturity of immune cells around the dural venous sinuses contributes to viral meningoencephalitis in neonates","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.10.005","article-title":"Meningeal macrophages protect against viral neuroinfection","volume":"55","author":"Rebejac","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.348190.120","article-title":"Single-cell atlas reveals meningeal leukocyte heterogeneity in the developing mouse brain","volume":"35","author":"Zelco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3423","article-title":"Origin, fate and dynamics of macrophages at central nervous system interfaces","volume":"17","author":"Goldmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202048881","article-title":"The expanding world of tissue-resident macrophages","volume":"51","author":"Jenkins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4430","article-title":"Barrier-tissue macrophages: functional adaptation to environmental challenges","volume":"23","author":"Mowat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.71879","article-title":"Microglia and CD206(+) border-associated mouse macrophages maintain their embryonic origin during Alzheimer's disease","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2021108605","article-title":"Commensal microbiota divergently affect myeloid subsets in the mammalian central nervous system during homeostasis and disease","volume":"40","author":"Sankowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib114","article-title":"CCR2(+) monocytes replenish border-associated macrophages in the diseased mouse brain","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.66738","article-title":"Subventricular zone\/white matter microglia reconstitute the empty adult microglial niche in a dynamic wave","volume":"10","author":"Hohsfield","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0090-8","article-title":"Repopulated microglia are solely derived from the proliferation of residual microglia after acute depletion","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib117","article-title":"Monocyte-derived microglia with Dnmt3a mutation cause motor pathology in aging mice","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X20980296","article-title":"Role of perivascular and meningeal macrophages in outcome following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"41","author":"Wan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5215","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-10-313239","article-title":"Mechanism for phosphatidylserine-dependent erythrophagocytosis in mouse liver","volume":"117","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1086\/380764","article-title":"CD36 mediates the phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes by rodent macrophages","volume":"189","author":"Patel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-1014","article-title":"CD163 is the macrophage scavenger receptor for native and chemically modified hemoglobins in the absence of haptoglobin","volume":"107","author":"Schaer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.03.033","article-title":"Myeloid-Cell-Derived VEGF Maintains Brain Glucose Uptake and Limits Cognitive Impairment in Obesity","volume":"165","author":"Jais","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00330099","article-title":"Electron microscopic study of the epiplexus (Kolmer) cells of the cat choroid plexus","volume":"110","author":"Carpenter","year":"1970","journal-title":"Z. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib124","first-page":"609","article-title":"Uptake of tracer by the epiplexus cells via the choroid plexus epithelium following an intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of horseradish peroxidase in rats","volume":"183","author":"Lu","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.01.017","article-title":"The choroid plexus links innate immunity to CSF dysregulation in hydrocephalus","volume":"186","author":"Robert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15581","article-title":"Endothelium-Macrophage Crosstalk Mediates Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Hypertension","volume":"76","author":"Santisteban","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4674","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI86950","article-title":"Perivascular macrophages mediate the neurovascular and cognitive dysfunction associated with hypertension","volume":"126","author":"Faraco","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01497-z","article-title":"Meningeal interleukin-17-producing T cells mediate cognitive impairment in a mouse model of salt-sensitive hypertension","volume":"27","author":"Santisteban","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01757-6","article-title":"A cell-autonomous role for border-associated macrophages in ApoE4 neurovascular dysfunction and susceptibility to white matter injury","volume":"27","author":"Anfray","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0281-2","article-title":"Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer disease - one peptide, two pathways","volume":"16","author":"Greenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311054","article-title":"Brain Perivascular Macrophages Initiate the Neurovascular Dysfunction of Alzheimer Abeta Peptides","volume":"121","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00660-1","article-title":"Border-associated macrophages promote cerebral amyloid angiopathy and cognitive impairment through vascular oxidative stress","volume":"18","author":"Uekawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805453106","article-title":"Selective targeting of perivascular macrophages for clearance of beta-amyloid in cerebral amyloid angiopathy","volume":"106","author":"Hawkes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32205-4","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease","volume":"397","author":"Scheltens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad8373","article-title":"Complement and microglia mediate early synapse loss in Alzheimer mouse models","volume":"352","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01257-z","article-title":"Perivascular cells induce microglial phagocytic states and synaptic engulfment via SPP1 in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"26","author":"De Schepper","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202302087","article-title":"Parenchymal border macrophages regulate tau pathology and tau-mediated neurodegeneration","volume":"6","author":"Drieu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci. Alliance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-00849-2","article-title":"Does tissue imprinting restrict macrophage plasticity?","volume":"22","author":"Guilliams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.104722","article-title":"Defining molecular identity and fates of CNS-border associated macrophages after ischemic stroke in rodents and humans","volume":"137","author":"Rajan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0581-6","article-title":"CNS-border associated macrophages respond to acute ischemic stroke attracting granulocytes and promoting vascular leakage","volume":"6","author":"Pedragosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0344-y","article-title":"Infection drives meningeal engraftment by inflammatory monocytes that impairs CNS immunity","volume":"20","author":"Rua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.07.007","article-title":"Infection history imprints prolonged changes to the epigenome, transcriptome and function of Kupffer cells","volume":"81","author":"Musrati","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0568-x","article-title":"Influenza-induced monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages confer prolonged antibacterial protection","volume":"21","author":"Aegerter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.691136","article-title":"Microbial Infections Are a Risk Factor for Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"15","author":"Lotz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib145","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Filippi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01302.x","article-title":"Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS)","volume":"164","author":"Constantinescu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120227","article-title":"Immunology of relapse and remission in multiple sclerosis","volume":"32","author":"Steinman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08478","article-title":"Effector T cell interactions with meningeal vascular structures in nascent autoimmune CNS lesions","volume":"462","author":"Bartholom\u00e4us","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI67233","article-title":"2-photon imaging of phagocyte-mediated T cell activation in the CNS","volume":"123","author":"Pesic","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16939","article-title":"Effector T-cell trafficking between the leptomeninges and the cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"530","author":"Schl\u00e4ger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aau8380","article-title":"Conventional DCs sample and present myelin antigens in the healthy CNS and allow parenchymal T cell entry to initiate neuroinflammation","volume":"4","author":"Mundt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39060-w","article-title":"Border-associated macrophages mediate the neuroinflammatory response in an alpha-synuclein model of Parkinson disease","volume":"14","author":"Schonhoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00006-X","article-title":"Targeting alpha-synuclein for treatment of Parkinson's disease: mechanistic and therapeutic considerations","volume":"14","author":"Dehay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab103","article-title":"CD4 T cells mediate brain inflammation and neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"144","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00491","article-title":"Macrophage cytokines: involvement in immunity and infectious diseases","volume":"5","author":"Arango Duque","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-022-00716-4","article-title":"Single-cell RNA and protein profiling of immune cells from the mouse brain and its border tissues","volume":"17","author":"Scheyltjens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."}],"container-title":["Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1074761325001682?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1074761325001682?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T20:22:06Z","timestamp":1782246126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1074761325001682"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":156,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1074761325001682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1074-7613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1074-7613","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Border-associated macrophages as gatekeepers of brain homeostasis and immunity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Immunity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}