{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T19:36:17Z","timestamp":1790019377621,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01KX2121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KX2121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018703","name":"European Innovation Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101084171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101084171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018703","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020655","name":"European Health and Digital Executive Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101202831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101202831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009139","name":"German Centre for Infection Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FF02.901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF02.901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRC1310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC1310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T15:34:33Z","timestamp":1769787273000},"page":"494-508.e8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pre-existing neutralizing antibodies against cattle-transmitted influenza A virus H5N1 are detectable in unexposed individuals"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Daniel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Ullrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Ruchnewitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthijs","family":"Meijers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico Joel","family":"Halwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Eberhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Sch\u00f6n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricarda","family":"Stumpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maike","family":"Schlotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Wunsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana","family":"Girao Lessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2103-0922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsayed Mohammed","family":"Abdelwhab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryna","family":"Kuryshko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Pinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Lena","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Germer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malena","family":"Rohde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Kukat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lutz","family":"Gieselmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Gruell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donata","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Erren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"L\u00e4ssig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Kreer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1376-1792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2024). Cumulative number of confirmed human cases for avian influenza A(H5N1) reported to WHO, 2003\u20132024. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/cumulative-number-of-confirmed-human-cases-for-avian-influenza-a(h5n1)-reported-to-who--2003-2024--20-december-2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2405371","article-title":"Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection in a Dairy Farm Worker","volume":"390","author":"Uyeki","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13447-z","article-title":"Transatlantic spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 by wild birds from Europe to North America in 2021","volume":"12","author":"Caliendo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, T.-Q., Hutter, C., Markin, A., Thomas, M., Lantz, K., Killian, M.L., Janzen, G.M., Vijendran, S., Wagle, S., Inderski, B., et al. (2025). Emergence and interstate spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) in dairy cattle. 388, eadq0900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.05.01.591751.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.05.01.591751"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib5","unstructured":"CDC. (2024). H5 Bird Flu: Current Situation. Avian Influenza (Bird Flu). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/bird-flu\/situation-summary\/index.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2414610","article-title":"Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infections in Humans","volume":"392","author":"Garg","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7344a3","article-title":"Serologic Evidence of Recent Infection with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5) Virus Among Dairy Workers \u2014 Michigan and Colorado, June\u2013August 2024","volume":"73","author":"Mellis","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR, Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08054-z","article-title":"The global H5N1 influenza panzootic in mammals","volume":"637","author":"Peacock","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0143-6","article-title":"The human antibody response to influenza A virus infection and vaccination","volume":"19","author":"Krammer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1805.111852","article-title":"Influenza Virus A (H10N7) in Chickens and Poultry Abattoir Workers, Australia","volume":"18","author":"Arzey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70221-2","article-title":"Human infection with avian influenza A H6N1 virus: an epidemiological analysis","volume":"1","author":"Wei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib12","first-page":"767","article-title":"The role of serum haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody in protection against challenge infection with influenza A2 and B viruses","volume":"70","author":"Hobson","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Hyg. (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir661","article-title":"Influenza Hemagglutination-Inhibition Antibody Titer as a Correlate of Vaccine-Induced Protection","volume":"204","author":"Ohmit","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2014.09.003","article-title":"Hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies and protection against seasonal and pandemic influenza infection","volume":"70","author":"Fox","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.06.004","article-title":"An In Vivo Human-Plasmablast Enrichment Technique Allows Rapid Identification of Therapeutic Influenza A Antibodies","volume":"14","author":"Nakamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222908","article-title":"Highly Conserved Protective Epitopes on Influenza B Viruses","volume":"337","author":"Dreyfus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003942","article-title":"Heterosubtypic Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Cross-Protective against H5N1 and H1N1 Recovered from Human IgM+ Memory B Cells","volume":"3","author":"Throsby","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11048","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05397-11","article-title":"Naturally Occurring Antibodies in Humans Can Neutralize a Variety of Influenza Virus Strains, Including H3, H1, H2, and H5","volume":"85","author":"Ohshima","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI41902","article-title":"Heterosubtypic neutralizing antibodies are produced by individuals immunized with a seasonal influenza vaccine","volume":"120","author":"Corti","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1205669","article-title":"A Neutralizing Antibody Selected from Plasma Cells That Binds to Group 1 and Group 2 Influenza A Hemagglutinins","volume":"333","author":"Corti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12780","article-title":"A broadly neutralizing anti-influenza antibody reveals ongoing capacity of haemagglutinin-specific memory B cells to evolve","volume":"7","author":"Fu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2012.09.034","article-title":"Fully human broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against influenza A viruses generated from the memory B cells of a 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine recipient","volume":"435","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007918","article-title":"Heterosubtype Neutralizing Responses to Influenza A (H5N1) Viruses Are Mediated by Antibodies to Virus Haemagglutinin","volume":"4","author":"Garcia","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.02.005","article-title":"Hemagglutinin pseudotyped lentiviral particles: Characterization of a new method for avian H5N1 influenza sero-diagnosis","volume":"39","author":"Nefkens","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir121","article-title":"Wide Prevalence of Heterosubtypic Broadly Neutralizing Human Anti-Influenza A Antibodies","volume":"52","author":"Sui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3001.230756","article-title":"Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Neuraminidase Inhibition Antibodies in Healthy Adults after Exposure to Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09","volume":"30","author":"Daulagala","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2010.539258","article-title":"Determination of serum neutralization antibodies against seasonal influenza A strain H3N2 and the emerging strains 2009 H1N1 and avian H5N1","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055778","article-title":"Safety and Immunogenicity of an Inactivated Subvirion Influenza A (H5N1) Vaccine","volume":"354","author":"Treanor","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68656-X","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated split-virion influenza A\/Vietnam\/1194\/2004 (H5N1) vaccine: phase I randomised trial","volume":"367","author":"Bresson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib30","unstructured":"CDC. (2024). CDC A(H5N1) Bird Flu Response Update June 14, 2024. Avian Influenza (Bird Flu). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/bird-flu\/spotlights\/h5n1-response-06142024.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib31","article-title":"Are we serologically prepared against an avian influenza pandemic and could seasonal flu vaccines help us?","volume":"16","author":"Sanz-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2024","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8418","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.15.8418-8425.2003","article-title":"Overexpression of the \u03b1-2,6-Sialyltransferase in MDCK Cells Increases Influenza Virus Sensitivity to Neuraminidase Inhibitors","volume":"77","author":"Matrosovich","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08063-y","article-title":"H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b dynamics in experimentally infected calves and cows","volume":"637","author":"Halwe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4047","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03422-13","article-title":"Flow cytometry reveals that H5N1 vaccination elicits cross-reactive stem-directed antibodies from multiple Ig heavy-chain lineages","volume":"88","author":"Whittle","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402835","article-title":"H5N1 Vaccine\u2013Elicited Memory B Cells Are Genetically Constrained by the IGHV Locus in the Recognition of a Neutralizing Epitope in the Hemagglutinin Stem","volume":"195","author":"Wheatley","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1997.8958","article-title":"Studies of the binding properties of influenza hemagglutinin receptor-site mutants","volume":"241","author":"Mart\u00edn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3639","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-021-00554-w","article-title":"Effective high-throughput isolation of fully human antibodies targeting infectious pathogens","volume":"16","author":"Gieselmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2978","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06665-11","article-title":"A Human Antibody Recognizing a Conserved Epitope of H5 Hemagglutinin Broadly Neutralizes Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses","volume":"86","author":"Hu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.073","article-title":"Structure and Function Analysis of an Antibody Recognizing All Influenza A Subtypes","volume":"166","author":"Kallewaard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4405","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI69377","article-title":"Human antibodies that neutralize respiratory droplet transmissible H5N1 influenza viruses","volume":"123","author":"Thornburg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10905","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00700-11","article-title":"A Broadly Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody That Recognizes a Conserved, Novel Epitope on the Globular Head of the Influenza H1N1 Virus Hemagglutinin","volume":"85","author":"Krause","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1204839","article-title":"A Highly Conserved Neutralizing Epitope on Group 2 Influenza A Viruses","volume":"333","author":"Ekiert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.04.011","article-title":"A Site of Vulnerability on the Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Head Domain Trimer Interface","volume":"177","author":"Bangaru","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib44","article-title":"Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Trimer, Head and Stem Proteins Identify and Quantify Different Hemagglutinin-Specific B Cell Subsets in Humans","volume":"9","author":"Aartse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.044","article-title":"Longitudinal Isolation of Potent Near-Germline SARS-CoV-2-Neutralizing Antibodies from COVID-19 Patients","volume":"182","author":"Kreer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v13081498","article-title":"Intranasal Administration of a Monoclonal Neutralizing Antibody Protects Mice against SARS-CoV-2 Infection","volume":"13","author":"Halwe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/39218","article-title":"A pandemic warning?","volume":"389","author":"De Jong","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3684","article-title":"Defining the antibody cross-reactome directed against the influenza virus surface glycoproteins","volume":"18","author":"Nachbagauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26538-7","article-title":"Use of Hemagglutinin Stem Probes Demonstrate Prevalence of Broadly Reactive Group 1 Influenza Antibodies in Human Sera","volume":"8","author":"Yassine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad0522","article-title":"Immune history profoundly affects broadly protective B cell responses to influenza","volume":"7","author":"Andrews","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib51","article-title":"A vaccine antigen central in influenza A(H5) virus antigenic space confers subtype-wide immunity","author":"Kok","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuae014","article-title":"Epitopes in the HA and NA of H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses that are important for antigenic drift","volume":"48","author":"Luczo","year":"2024","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2548-6","article-title":"Potently neutralizing and protective human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"584","author":"Zost","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.07.079","article-title":"Pseudoparticle neutralization is a reliable assay to measure immunity and cross-reactivity to H5N1 influenza viruses","volume":"27","author":"Alberini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010864","article-title":"Kinetics of Neutralizing Antibodies in Patients Naturally Infected by H5N1 Virus","volume":"5","author":"Buchy","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13764","article-title":"Rapid development of broadly influenza neutralizing antibodies through redundant mutations","volume":"516","author":"Pappas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13133","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1414070111","article-title":"Induction of broadly cross-reactive antibody responses to the influenza HA stem region following H5N1 vaccination in humans","volume":"111","author":"Ellebedy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01996-15","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01996-15","article-title":"Age Dependence and Isotype Specificity of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Stalk-Reactive Antibodies in Humans","volume":"7","author":"Nachbagauer","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib59","first-page":"1950","article-title":"Effect of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines on Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Ferrets","volume":"31","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib60","article-title":"Targets of influenza human T-cell response are mostly conserved in H5N1","volume":"16","author":"Sidney","year":"2024","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03189-y","article-title":"Licensed H5N1 vaccines generate cross-neutralizing antibodies against highly pathogenic H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b influenza virus","volume":"30","author":"Khurana","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.0023","article-title":"Monoclonal Antibody for the Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Infants and Children: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910993","article-title":"A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Ebola Virus Disease Therapeutics","volume":"381","author":"Mulangu","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v15010118","article-title":"Tixagevimab\/Cilgavimab in SARS-CoV-2 Prophylaxis and Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Experience","volume":"15","author":"Akinosoglou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1319058110","article-title":"A common solution to group 2 influenza virus neutralization","volume":"111","author":"Friesen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib66","article-title":"Cross-reactive serum and memory B-cell responses to spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronavirus infection","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103951","article-title":"No substantial preexisting B cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in healthy adults","volume":"25","author":"Ercanoglu","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03665-3","article-title":"How single mutations affect viral escape from broad and narrow antibodies to H1 influenza hemagglutinin","volume":"9","author":"Doud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.07.002","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages exhibit distinct antibody escape patterns","volume":"30","author":"Gruell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01414-23","article-title":"The effect of single mutations in Zika virus envelope on escape from broadly neutralizing antibodies","volume":"97","author":"Kikawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04385-3","article-title":"Omicron escapes the majority of existing SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies","volume":"602","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s44298-025-00119-8","article-title":"A single amino acid mutation alters multiple neutralization epitopes in the respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein","volume":"3","author":"Oraby","year":"2025","journal-title":"Npj viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01463-17","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01463-17","article-title":"Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Stalk-Specific Antibodies in Human Serum are a Surrogate Marker for In Vivo Protection in a Serum Transfer Mouse Challenge Model","volume":"8","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124513","article-title":"Structure and Receptor Specificity of the Hemagglutinin from an H5N1 Influenza Virus","volume":"312","author":"Stevens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11533","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.17.11533-11536.2005","article-title":"A single amino acid substitution in 1918 influenza virus hemagglutinin changes receptor binding specificity","volume":"79","author":"Glaser","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2005.11.002","article-title":"Glycan microarray analysis of the hemagglutinins from modern and pandemic influenza viruses reveals different receptor specificities","volume":"355","author":"Stevens","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(89)90249-3","article-title":"Receptor binding properties of human and animal H1 influenza virus isolates","volume":"173","author":"Rogers","year":"1989","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.13.30494","article-title":"GISAID: Global initiative on sharing all influenza data \u2013 from vision to reality","volume":"22","author":"Shu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.04.015","article-title":"Kinetics and correlates of the neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans","volume":"29","author":"Vanshylla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd0826","article-title":"Structure-based design of prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spikes","volume":"369","author":"Hsieh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1037","article-title":"Improved monomeric red, orange and yellow fluorescent proteins derived from Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein","volume":"22","author":"Shaner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2007.09.017","article-title":"Efficient generation of monoclonal antibodies from single human B cells by single cell RT-PCR and expression vector cloning","volume":"329","author":"Tiller","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028674","article-title":"An Enhanced Monomeric Blue Fluorescent Protein with the High Chemical Stability of the Chromophore","volume":"6","author":"Subach","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(91)90434-D","article-title":"Efficient selection for high-expression transfectants with a novel eukaryotic vector","volume":"108","author":"Niwa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v12050513","article-title":"Protocol and Reagents for Pseudotyping Lentiviral Particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein for Neutralization Assays","volume":"12","author":"Crawford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1172","article-title":"Engineering and characterization of a superfolder green fluorescent protein","volume":"24","author":"P\u00e9delacq","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-421","article-title":"BLAST+: architecture and applications","volume":"10","author":"Camacho","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W34","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt382","article-title":"IgBLAST: an immunoglobulin variable domain sequence analysis tool","volume":"41","author":"Ye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa015","article-title":"IQ-TREE 2: New Models and Efficient Methods for Phylogenetic Inference in the Genomic Era","volume":"37","author":"Minh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010","article-title":"MAFFT Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: Improvements in Performance and Usability","volume":"30","author":"Katoh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-4326-6_14","article-title":"Concepts and Methods for Predicting Viral Evolution","volume":"2890","author":"Meijers","year":"2025","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib92","unstructured":"Worldwide Influenza Centre and CRICK Institute. (2025). Annual and interim reports. (Crick). https:\/\/www.crick.ac.uk\/research\/platforms-and-facilities\/worldwide-influenza-centre\/annual-and-interim-reports."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.12.010","article-title":"Discovery of ultrapotent broadly neutralizing antibodies from SARS-CoV-2 elite neutralizers","volume":"30","author":"Vanshylla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00161","article-title":"Pseudotype-Based Neutralization Assays for Influenza: A Systematic Analysis","volume":"6","author":"Carnell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2020.112752","article-title":"openPrimeR for multiplex amplification of highly diverse templates","volume":"480","author":"Kreer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib96","unstructured":"Kreer, C. (2025). AbRAT: The Antibody Repertoire Analysis Toolkit. Version v1.0.1. (Zenodo). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/ZENODO.15311638."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.11.004","article-title":"Somatic hypermutation introduces bystander mutations that prepare SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for emerging variants","volume":"56","author":"Korenkov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024078","article-title":"Memory B Cell Antibodies to HIV-1 gp140 Cloned from Individuals Infected with Clade A and B Viruses","volume":"6","author":"Mouquet","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1074761325005692?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1074761325005692?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T04:19:49Z","timestamp":1782188389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1074761325005692"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1074761325005692"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2025.01.22.634277","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1074-7613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1074-7613","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pre-existing neutralizing antibodies against cattle-transmitted influenza A virus H5N1 are detectable in unexposed individuals","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Immunity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.12.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}