{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T10:41:25Z","timestamp":1772188885544,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["imr-journal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Integrative Medicine Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,2]],"date-time":"2018-02-02T13:46:30Z","timestamp":1517579190000},"page":"149-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of partially purified sub-fractions of Pterocarpus mildbraedii extract on carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Rabiat Unekwu","family":"Hamzah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alli Abdullahi","family":"Jigam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hussaini Anthony","family":"Makun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evans Chidi","family":"Egwim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadiza Lami","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Musa Bola","family":"Busari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Femi","family":"Ibikunle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sulaiman Kolapo","family":"Abubakar-Akanbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hepatoprotective herbs a review","volume":"1","author":"Saleem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Res Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0010","first-page":"44","article-title":"Medicinal evaluation of Xylopia aethiopica and Ocimum gratissimum","volume":"26","author":"Ijeh","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Aromat Plant Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0015","first-page":"501","article-title":"A review on hepatoprotective activity of medicinal plants","volume":"2","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1021\/jf000766i","article-title":"Scavenging capacity of berry crops on superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroixide, hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0025","series-title":"Chronic hepatitis: hepatitis: Merck manual professional [Brochure]","author":"Rutherford","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0030","series-title":"An alternative holistic medicinal approach to the total management of hepatic disorders: a novel polyherbal formulation. Modern phytomedicine turning medicinal plants into drugs","first-page":"233","author":"Owais","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0035","first-page":"77","article-title":"Screening of some Nigerian medicinal plants for antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl radical","volume":"5","author":"Oke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Afr J Biomed Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0040","first-page":"523","article-title":"Methodological considerations for characterizing potential antioxidant actions of bioactive components in food plants","author":"Aruoma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0045","first-page":"2444","article-title":"Antioxidant and antifungal activity of selected plant species used in traditional medicine","volume":"7","author":"Mahlo1","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Plants Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01088442","article-title":"Chemical composition of the edible leaves of P. mildbraedii","volume":"48","author":"Akpanyung","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plants Foods Hum Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0055","first-page":"16293","article-title":"Marketing performance of Pterocarpus Mildbreadii in Ibadan metropolis","volume":"60A","author":"Odediran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Elixir Mark Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0060","first-page":"8","article-title":"Phytochemical screening on the leaves of Sansevieria trifasciata","volume":"29","author":"Ogukwe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Chem Soc Nigeria"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0065","first-page":"11","article-title":"Therapeutic evaluation of Acacia nilotica (Linn) stem bark extract in experimental African trypanosomiasis","volume":"4","author":"Ogbadoyi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Appl Res Nat Prod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0070","series-title":"Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals","first-page":"118","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0075","series-title":"Basic OECD principles of GLP","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0080","series-title":"Organisation for economic co-operation and development guidelines for acute toxicity of chemicals","first-page":"431","author":"OECD","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.4297\/najms.2010.2491","article-title":"Protective effect of Livactine against CCl4 and paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in adult Wistar rats","volume":"2","author":"Mayuren","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(03)00193-4","article-title":"Effect of ethanolic extract of Khaya senegalensis on some biochemical parameters of rat kidney","volume":"88","author":"Adebayo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0095","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effects of storage temperature prior to separation on plasma and serum potassium","volume":"10","author":"Ogbu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Med Lab Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/28.1.56","article-title":"A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases","volume":"28","author":"Reitman","year":"1957","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0105","first-page":"322","article-title":"Alkaline phosphatase method","volume":"7","author":"King","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0110","series-title":"Fundamentals of clinical chemistry","first-page":"328","article-title":"Amino acid and proteins","author":"Grant","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0115","first-page":"81","article-title":"A colorimetric method for the determination of serum bilirubin level","volume":"297","author":"Jendrassic","year":"1938","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0120","series-title":"Clinical guide to laboratory tests","first-page":"17","author":"Tietz","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2010.05.007","article-title":"Antilipemic and hypolipidemic activities of Globimetula braunii","volume":"63","author":"Erukainure","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)45228-9","article-title":"The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase","volume":"247","author":"Misra","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0135","series-title":"Laboratory manual in biochemistry","first-page":"81","author":"Stroev","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0140","first-page":"480","article-title":"Inhibition of benzo (a) pyrene- and cyclophoshamide-induced mutagenicity by Cinnamomum cassia","author":"Sharma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1080\/09553009014552121","article-title":"Effects of Calmodulin antagonist on radiation induced lipid peroxidation in microsomes","volume":"58","author":"Varshney","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Radiol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.2570060205","article-title":"Studies on the mechanism of haloacetonitrile-induced gastrointestinal toxicity: interaction of dibromoacetonitrile with glutathione and glutathione-S-transferase in rats","volume":"6","author":"Ahmed","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Biochem Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0155","series-title":"Principle and method of toxicology","first-page":"45","author":"Wallace","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2008.00211.x","article-title":"Changes in antioxidant status and biochemical indices after acute administration of artemether, artemether-lumefantrine and halofantrine in rats","volume":"102","author":"Adaramoye","year":"2008","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jscs.2010.10.012","article-title":"Evaluation of the safety and antioxidant activities of Crocus sativus and Propolis ethanolic extracts","volume":"16","author":"Ramadan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Saudi Chem Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2015.07.020","article-title":"Hepatoprotective potential of antioxidant potent fraction from Urticadioica Linn. (Whole plant) in CCl4 challenged rats","volume":"2","author":"Joshi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.06.007","article-title":"A toxicologist guide to the diagnostic interpretation of hepatic biochemical parameters","volume":"45","author":"Ramaiah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2015.02.002","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effect of leaf extracts from Citrus hystrix and C. maxima against paracetamol induced liver injury in rats","volume":"4","author":"Abirami","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Sci Hum Wellness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(93)90010-P","article-title":"Effect of chronic consumption of metabisulphite on the integrity of rat liver cellular system","volume":"81","author":"Akanji","year":"1993","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0190","series-title":"Fundamental of clinical chemistry","first-page":"1020","article-title":"Serum electrolytes and serum enzymes","author":"Tietz","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.5897\/AJBR2013.0741","article-title":"Effects of n-butanol fraction of Gongronema latifolium leave extract on some biochemical parameters in CCl4-induced oxidative damage in Wistar albino rats","volume":"8","author":"Okpala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Afr J Biochem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(14)60431-X","article-title":"Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of selected wild edible Nigerian mushrooms","volume":"4","author":"Hamzah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jscs.2012.05.008","article-title":"Chemical constituents and protective effect of Ficus ingens (Miq.) on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver damage in male Wistar albino rats","volume":"17","author":"Donia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Saudi Chem Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/43.8.1512","article-title":"Xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity: mechanisms of liver injury and methods of monitoring hepatic function","volume":"43","author":"Sturgill","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1042\/cs1020107","article-title":"The response of liver albumin synthesis to infection in rats varies with the phase of the inflammatory process","volume":"102","author":"Ruot","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0220","first-page":"128","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effect of crude methanolic extract and fractions of Ring worm plant Senna alata leaves from Nigeria against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats","volume":"1","author":"Patrick-Iwuanyanwu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Exp Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1685","article-title":"Effect of pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo) protein isolate on the activity levels of certain plasma enzymes in CCl4-induced liver injury in low protein fed rats","volume":"19","author":"Nkosi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0230","first-page":"51","article-title":"Hypolipidemic activity of Cyperous rotundus on CCl4-induced dyslipidemia in rats","volume":"2","author":"Dominic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian J Pharm Technol Innov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0235","first-page":"1","article-title":"In vivo evaluation of the effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium on AST and bilirubin secretions in albino rats","volume":"2","author":"Ugwu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Appl Biosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0240","first-page":"4006","article-title":"Biochemical and histopathological studies of Butea monosperma (Lam) Taub leaves on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats","volume":"5","author":"Chavan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0245","first-page":"135","article-title":"Peperomia pellucida in diets modulates hyperglyceamia, oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in diabetic rats (2012)","author":"Rabiat","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acute Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0250","series-title":"Aging, neurological and mental disorders","first-page":"21","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and the central nervous system. Free radicals in the brain","author":"Halliwell","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0255","first-page":"220","article-title":"Relationships between nutrition, alcohol use and liver disease","volume":"27","author":"Lieber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0260","first-page":"01","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effects of 50% ethanolic extract of Ficus hispida Linn against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats","volume":"4","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.3.707","article-title":"Transport and direct utilization of gamma-glutamylcysteine for glutathione synthesis","volume":"80","author":"Meister","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2008.12.002","article-title":"Thyroid inhibitory, antiperoxidative and hypoglycemic effects of stigmasterol isolated from Butea monosperma","volume":"80","author":"Panda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0275","first-page":"4","article-title":"Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Silybum marianum plant against hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats","volume":"8","author":"Nevien","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004_bib0280","series-title":"Robbins & Cotran pathologic basis of disease","author":"Kumar","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Integrative Medicine Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213422017302482?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213422017302482?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,13]],"date-time":"2022-08-13T20:53:37Z","timestamp":1660424017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213422017302482"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2213422017302482"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-4220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-4220","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of partially purified sub-fractions of Pterocarpus mildbraedii extract on carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Integrative Medicine Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imr.2018.01.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. Published by Elsevier.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}