{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:07:53Z","timestamp":1787767673009,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infection Prevention in Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T16:41:18Z","timestamp":1734799278000},"page":"100430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hospital toilets and drainage systems as a reservoir for a long-term polyclonal outbreak of clinical infections with multidrug-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca species complex"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Astri Lervik","family":"Larsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torunn","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnfinn","family":"Sundsfjord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodor A.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja Dyresen","family":"Guleng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon Birger","family":"Haug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna K.","family":"P\u00f6ntinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8rjan","family":"Samuelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s40506-020-00230-9","article-title":"Barrier precautions in the era of multidrug pathogens","volume":"12","author":"Pryor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.03.022","article-title":"Outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K pneumoniae: a systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Campos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2021.08.001","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: infection prevention and control update","volume":"35","author":"Mills","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-023-01261-9","article-title":"Sanitary installations and wastewater plumbing as reservoir for the long-term circulation and transmission of carbapenemase producing Citrobacter freundii clones in a hospital setting","volume":"12","author":"Hamerlinck","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E490","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12288","article-title":"Wastewater drainage system as an occult reservoir in a protracted clonal outbreak due to metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Klebsiella oxytoca","volume":"19","author":"Vergara-L\u00f3pez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12010136","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant bacteria contaminating plumbing components and sanitary installations of hospital restrooms","volume":"12","author":"Valzano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3390\/hygiene2020008","article-title":"Down the drain: a systematic review of molecular biology evidence linking sinks with bacterial healthcare-associated infections in intensive care units","volume":"2","author":"Choquet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hygiene"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix132","article-title":"The hospital water environment as a reservoir for carbapenem-resistant organisms causing hospital-acquired infections \u2013 a systematic review of the literature","volume":"64","author":"Kizny Gordon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059015","article-title":"A\u00a0long-term low-frequency hospital outbreak of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae involving Intergenus plasmid diffusion and a persisting environmental reservoir","volume":"8","author":"Tofteland","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.427","article-title":"Biofilms in hospital effluents as a potential crossroads for carbapenemase-encoding strains","volume":"657","author":"Ory","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00006-21","article-title":"Klebsiella oxytoca complex: update on taxonomy, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-021-02402-2","article-title":"Klebsiella oxytoca and emerging nosocomial infections","volume":"78","author":"Neog","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04306-14","article-title":"Contaminated handwashing sinks as the source of a clonal outbreak of KPC-2-producing Klebsiella oxytoca on a hematology ward","volume":"59","author":"Leitner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1808.111268","article-title":"Outbreak of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Klebsiella oxytoca infections associated with contaminated handwashing sinks","volume":"18","author":"Lowe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01980-19","article-title":"Genomic investigation reveals contaminated detergent as the source of an extended-spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Klebsiella michiganensis outbreak in a neonatal unit","volume":"58","author":"Chapman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"O255","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12373","article-title":"Development of the EUCAST disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing method and its implementation in routine microbiology laboratories","volume":"20","author":"Matuschek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.055459-0","article-title":"Ribosomal multilocus sequence typing: universal characterization of bacteria from domain to strain","volume":"158","author":"Jolley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005595","article-title":"Unicycler: resolving bacterial genome assemblies from short and long sequencing reads","volume":"13","author":"Wick","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib20","article-title":"Bakta: rapid and standardized annotation of bacterial genomes via alignment-free sequence identification","volume":"7","author":"Schwengers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb Genom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14826.1","article-title":"Open-access bacterial population genomics: BIGSdb software, the PubMLST.org website and their applications","volume":"3","author":"Jolley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-02090-4","article-title":"Producing polished prokaryotic pangenomes with the Panaroo pipeline","volume":"21","author":"Tonkin-Hill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu033","article-title":"RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies","volume":"30","author":"Stamatakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib24","series-title":"A\u00a0language environment for statistical computing","year":"2020"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr039","article-title":"Easyfig: a genome comparison visualizer","volume":"27","author":"Sullivan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib26","series-title":"Usage of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in Norway","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00038-16","article-title":"IS26-mediated formation of transposons carrying antibiotic resistance genes","volume":"1","author":"Harmer","year":"2016","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.11","article-title":"Bioaerosols generated from toilet flushing in rooms of patients with Clostridioides difficile infection","volume":"41","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-018-0301-9","article-title":"Bioaerosol concentrations generated from toilet flushing in a hospital-based patient care setting","volume":"7","author":"Knowlton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2011.08.010","article-title":"Potential for aerosolization of Clostridium difficile after flushing toilets: the role of toilet lids in reducing environmental contamination risk","volume":"80","author":"Best","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.04.330","article-title":"Lifting the lid on toilet plume aerosol: a literature review with suggestions for future research","volume":"41","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24686-5","article-title":"Commercial toilets emit energetic and rapidly spreading aerosol plumes","volume":"12","author":"Crimaldi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.017","article-title":"Toilet drain water as a potential source of hospital room-to-room transmission of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"106","author":"Heireman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.08.023","article-title":"A\u00a0hospital outbreak of an NDM-producing ST167 Escherichia coli with a possible link to a toilet","volume":"117","author":"Andrews","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30230-0","article-title":"New environmental reservoir of CPE in hospitals","volume":"19","author":"Smismans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00549-23","article-title":"Phylogenetic lineages and antimicrobial resistance determinants of clinical Klebsiella oxytoca spanning local to global scales","volume":"11","author":"Ikhimiukor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02183-21","article-title":"Genome analysis of Klebsiella oxytoca complex for antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes","volume":"66","author":"Long","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"}],"container-title":["Infection Prevention in Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590088924000945?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590088924000945?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T05:24:30Z","timestamp":1739942670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2590088924000945"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2590088924000945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-0889"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-0889","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hospital toilets and drainage systems as a reservoir for a long-term polyclonal outbreak of clinical infections with multidrug-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca species complex","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Infection Prevention in Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infpip.2024.100430","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Healthcare Infection Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100430"}}