{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T19:41:14Z","timestamp":1773603674277,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Injury"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,21]],"date-time":"2010-02-21T09:28:48Z","timestamp":1266744528000},"page":"273-278","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The tendon of the long head of the biceps in complex proximal humerus fractures: A histological perspective"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Theodoros","family":"Tosounidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constantine","family":"Hadjileontis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minas","family":"Georgiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonios","family":"Kafanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Kontakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B8.19278","article-title":"The long head of biceps and associated tendinopathy","volume":"89","author":"Ahrens","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-003-0391-6","article-title":"Is vasculo-neural ingrowth the cause of pain in chronic Achilles tendinosis? An investigation using ultrasonography and colour Doppler, immunohistochemistry, and diagnostic injections","volume":"11","author":"Alfredson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.02840","article-title":"Sympathetic and sensory neural elements in the tendon of the long head of the biceps","volume":"87","author":"Alpantaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(05)80034-5","article-title":"Tenodesis of the long head of biceps brachii in the painful shoulder: improving results in the long term","volume":"4","author":"Berlemann","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.E.01097","article-title":"Isolated arthroscopic biceps tenotomy or tenodesis improves symptoms in patients with massive irreparable rotator cuff tears","volume":"89","author":"Boileau","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2002.124527","article-title":"Tuberosity malposition and migration: reasons for poor outcomes after hemiarthroplasty for displaced fractures of the proximal humerus","volume":"11","author":"Boileau","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(87)90015-9","article-title":"Changes in trabecular bone, hematopoiesis and bone marrow vessels in aplastic anemia, primary osteoporosis, and old age: a comparative histomorphometric study","volume":"8","author":"Burkhardt","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2006.04.130","article-title":"Epidemiology of adult fractures: a review","volume":"37","author":"Court-Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20413","article-title":"Studies on the importance of sympathetic innervation, adrenergic receptors, and a possible local catecholamine production in the development of patellar tendinopathy (tendinosis) in man","volume":"70","author":"Danielson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2828(89)90743-8","article-title":"Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in relation to the distribution of sympathetic nerve fibers in the heart conduction system","volume":"21","author":"Forsgren","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e318184f549","article-title":"Proximal biceps tendon: injuries and management","volume":"16","author":"Friedman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199005000-00014","article-title":"Roentgenographic findings in massive rotator cuff tears. A long-term observation","volume":"254","author":"Hamada","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.75B4.8331107","article-title":"Stabilising function of the biceps in stable and unstable shoulders","volume":"75","author":"Itoi","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20070301-15","article-title":"The long biceps tendon as the main cause of shoulder pain in rotator cuff tears","volume":"30","author":"Kontakis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198907000-00015","article-title":"The role of the long head of biceps brachii in the stabilization of the head of the humerus","volume":"244","author":"Kumar","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.039016","article-title":"Characteristics at haematoxylin and eosin staining of ruptures of the long head of the biceps tendon","volume":"43","author":"Longo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000139895.94846.8D","article-title":"Similar histopathological picture in males with Achilles and patellar tendinopathy","volume":"36","author":"Maffulli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2005.04.002","article-title":"Subpectoral biceps tenodesis with interference screw fixation","volume":"21","author":"Mazzocca","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib19","series-title":"Histology for pathologists","author":"Mills","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679709004002","article-title":"Tendon pathology in long-standing achillodynia. Biopsy findings in 40 patients","volume":"68","author":"Movin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197254010-00003","article-title":"Anterior acromioplasty for the chronic impingement syndrome in the shoulder: a preliminary report","volume":"54","author":"Neer","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004192232357","article-title":"Comparison of immunohistochemical labelling of melanocyte differentiation antibodies melan-A, tyrosinase and HMB 45 with NKIC3 and S100 protein in the evaluation of benign naevi and malignant melanoma","volume":"32","author":"Orchard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Histochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2002.32233","article-title":"The cosmetic appearance of the biceps muscle after long-head tenotomy versus tenodesis","volume":"18","author":"Osbahr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2005.00465.x","article-title":"The role of vasculature and angiogenesis for the pathogenesis of degenerative tendons disease","volume":"15","author":"Pufe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(05)80035-7","article-title":"Long tendon of the biceps brachii: sites of predilection for degenerative lesions","volume":"4","author":"Refior","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200307000-00006","article-title":"Primary hemiarthroplasty for treatment of proximal humeral fractures","volume":"85-A","author":"Robinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(95)80015-8","article-title":"Comminuted humeral head fractures: a multicenter analysis","volume":"4","author":"Schai","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2008.05.044","article-title":"Biceps tendinitis in chronic rotator cuff tears: a histologic perspective","volume":"17","author":"Singaraju","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/375645a0","article-title":"The synaptic vesicle cycle: a cascade of protein\u2013protein interactions","volume":"375","author":"Sudhof","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.07.008","article-title":"Arthroscopic tenotomy of the long head of the biceps in the treatment of rotator cuff tears: clinical and radiographic results of 307 cases","volume":"14","author":"Walch","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199503000-00006","article-title":"The role of the long head of the biceps brachii in superior stability of the glenohumeral joint","volume":"77","author":"Warner","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280011701","article-title":"The stabilizing sling for the long head of the biceps tendon in the rotator cuff interval. A histoanatomic study","volume":"28","author":"Werner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199703000-00017","article-title":"Biceps activity during shoulder motion: an electromyographic analysis","volume":"336","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"}],"container-title":["Injury"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020138309004847?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020138309004847?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T11:50:53Z","timestamp":1685447453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020138309004847"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0020138309004847"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-1383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-1383","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}}}