{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T19:33:59Z","timestamp":1794339239482,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Injury"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,18]],"date-time":"2013-01-18T18:02:40Z","timestamp":1358532160000},"page":"299-304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Shoulder abduction and external rotation restoration with nerve transfer"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Kostas-Agnantis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasios","family":"Korompilias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marios","family":"Vekris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marios","family":"Lykissas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Gkiatas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Mitsionis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Beris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200104000-00018","article-title":"Shoulder arthrodesis","volume":"83","author":"Clare","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg (Am)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870030-00014","article-title":"Shoulder arthrodesis using a pelvic-reconstruction plate: a report of eleven cases","volume":"70","author":"Richards","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg (Am)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0015","first-page":"10","article-title":"Paralytic shoulder secondary to post-traumatic peripheral nerve lesions in the adult","volume":"65","author":"Alnot","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-30183","article-title":"Applying transfer of trapezius and\/or latissimus dorsi with teres major for reconstruction of abduction and external rotation of the shoulder in obstetrical brachial plexus palsy","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2010.12.015","article-title":"Secondary shoulder reconstruction in patients with brachial plexus injuries","volume":"64","author":"Terzis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01142-2","article-title":"Tendon transfer for brachial plexus injury","volume":"4","author":"Leffert","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01228-2","article-title":"Paralytic disorders of the shoulder girdle","volume":"4","author":"Narakas","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"September","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e3181cbfe9d","article-title":"Free muscle transfer in posttraumatic plexopathies: Part 1. The shoulder","volume":"65","author":"Terzis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-001-0058-8","article-title":"Brachial plexus root avulsion","volume":"25","author":"Terzis","year":"2001","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0050","series-title":"Management of peripheral nerve problems","first-page":"433","article-title":"Trauma involving the brachial plexus","author":"Millesi","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199910000-00001","article-title":"Outcomes of brachial plexus reconstruction in 204 patients with devastating paralysis","volume":"104","author":"Terzis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.76.2.0191","article-title":"Nerve transfer in brachial plexus traction injuries","volume":"76","author":"Samardzic","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s007760050024","article-title":"Treatment of brachial plexus injury","volume":"3","author":"Nagano","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0070","series-title":"Operative nerve repair and reconstruction","first-page":"1329","article-title":"Neurotization in the treatment of brachial plexus injuries","author":"Narakas","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0075","series-title":"Microreconstruction of nerve injuries","first-page":"447","article-title":"Thoughts on neurotization or nerve transfer in irreparable nerve lesions","author":"Narakas","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)31834-4","article-title":"Thoughts on neurotization or nerve transfers in irreparable nerve lesions","volume":"11","author":"Narakas","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0085","first-page":"43","article-title":"Neurotization in brachial plexus injuries. Indication and results","author":"Narakas","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-19703","article-title":"Outcomes of surgical treatment of brachial plexus injuries using nerve grafting and nerve transfers","volume":"18","author":"El-Gammal","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.101.5.0770","article-title":"Contralateral motor rootlets and ipsilateral nerve transfers in brachial plexus reconstruction","volume":"101","author":"Bertelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199507000-00019","article-title":"Restoration of shoulder abduction by nerve transfer in avulsed brachial plexus injury: evaluation of 99 patients with various nerve transfers","volume":"96","author":"Chuang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/00130911-200403000-00009","article-title":"Shoulder muscle reconstruction in the upper type of the brachial plexus injury by partial radial nerve transfer to the axillary nerve","volume":"8","author":"Kawai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(03)00199-0","article-title":"Nerve transfer to deltoid muscle using the nerve to the long head of the triceps: Part II. A report of 7 cases","volume":"28","author":"Leechavengvongs","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hand Surg (Am)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00485-6","article-title":"Nerve transfers. New options for reconstruction following nerve injury","volume":"15","author":"Mackinnon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00507-2","article-title":"Nerve transfers in the upper extremity","volume":"16","author":"Nath","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200001000-00020","article-title":"Results of nerve transfers to the musculocutaneous and axillary nerves","volume":"46","author":"Samardzic","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20234","article-title":"Concepts of nerve regeneration and repair applied to brachial plexus reconstruction","volume":"26","author":"Bertelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0135","series-title":"Medical research council AIDS to the investigation of peripheral nerve injuries","author":"British","year":"1943"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(94)90011-6","article-title":"Nerve transfer to biceps muscle using a part of ulnar nerve for C5\u2013C6 avulsion of the brachial plexus: anatomical study and report of four cases","volume":"19","author":"Oberlin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hand Surg (Am)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20245","article-title":"Restoration of shoulder function with nerve transfers in traumatic brachial plexus palsy patients","volume":"26","author":"Terzis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0150","first-page":"1277","article-title":"Transfer of the medial pectoral nerve: myth or reality?","volume":"50","author":"Samardzic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2003.12.027","article-title":"The use of thoracodorsal nerve transfer in restoration of irreparable C5 and C6 spinal nerve lesions","volume":"58","author":"Samardzic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0160","first-page":"113","article-title":"C5\u2013C6 and C5\u2013C6\u2013C7 traumatic paralysis of the brachial plexus of the adult caused by supraclavicular lesions","volume":"84","author":"Alnot","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.10113","article-title":"Clinical application of ipsilateral C7 nerve root transfer for treatment of C5 and C6 avulsion of brachial plexus","volume":"23","author":"Gu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31819ba48a","article-title":"Selective contralateral c7 transfer in posttraumatic brachial plexus injuries: a report of 56 cases","volume":"123","author":"Terzis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0175","series-title":"Stretch injuries to brachial plexus. Nerve injuries: operative results for major nerve injuries entrapments and tumors","author":"Kline","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.09.009","article-title":"Shoulder reanimation in posttraumatic brachial plexus paralysis","volume":"41","author":"Vekris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920160110","article-title":"Brachial plexus injury in Thailand: a report of 520 cases","volume":"16","author":"Songcharoen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2001.21518","article-title":"Results of nerve transfer techniques for restoration of shoulder and elbow function in the context of a meta-analysis of the English literature","volume":"26","author":"Merrell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hand Surg (Am)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)31833-2","article-title":"Neurotization of avulsed roots of brachial plexus by means of anterior nerves of cervical plexus","volume":"11","author":"Brunelli","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.101.3.0377","article-title":"Evaluation of suprascapular nerve neurotization after nerve graft or transfer in the treatment of brachial plexus traction lesions","volume":"101","author":"Malessy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.12.005","article-title":"Nerve transfer to deltoid muscle using the intercostal nerves through the posterior approach: an anatomic study and two case reports","volume":"32","author":"Malungpaishrope","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hand Surg (Am)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920150109","article-title":"Extraplexual neurotization of brachial plexus","volume":"15","author":"Azze","year":"1994","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2003.10.013","article-title":"Reconstruction of C5 and C6 brachial plexus avulsion injury by multiple nerve transfers: spinal accessory to suprascapular, ulnar fascicles to biceps branch, and triceps long or lateral head branch to axillary nerve","volume":"29","author":"Bertelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hand Surg (Am)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2007.05.016","article-title":"Transfer of the accessory nerve to the Suprascapular nerve in brachial plexus reconstruction","volume":"32","author":"Bertelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hand Surg (Am)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1097\/00029330-200605010-00001","article-title":"Restoration of shoulder abduction by transfer of the spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve through dorsal approach: a clinical study","volume":"119","author":"Guan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-985205","article-title":"Long-term results of spinal accessory nerve transfer to the suprascapular nerve in upper-type paralysis of brachial plexus injury","volume":"23","author":"Suzuki","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000203410.35395.fa","article-title":"Suprascapular nerve reconstruction in 118 cases of adult posttraumatic brachial plexus","volume":"117","author":"Terzis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181c496e4","article-title":"Axillary nerve reconstruction in 176 posttraumatic plexopathy patients","volume":"125","author":"Terzis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2005.09.019","article-title":"Combined nerve transfers for C5 and C6 brachial plexus avulsion injury","volume":"31","author":"Leechavengvongs","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hand Surg (Am)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-194802000-00009","article-title":"Concerning surgical treatment of traumatic injury to the upper division of the brachial plexus (Erb's type)","volume":"127","author":"Lurje","year":"1948","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS-07\/08\/0370","article-title":"Axillary nerve repair by triceps motor branch transfer through an axillary access: anatomical basis and clinical results","volume":"107","author":"Bertelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(03)00200-4","article-title":"Nerve transfer to deltoid muscle using the nerve to the long head of the triceps: Part I. An anatomic feasibility study","volume":"28","author":"Witoonchart","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hand Surg (Am)"},{"issue":"September","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318221dd29","article-title":"Long head of the triceps branch transfer to axillary nerve in C5, C6 brachial plexus injuries: anterior approach","volume":"128","author":"Jerome","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.79B4.7481","article-title":"Results of nerve grafting for injuries of the axillary and suprascapular nerves","volume":"79","author":"Mikami","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg (Br)"}],"container-title":["Injury"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002013831300017X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002013831300017X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T07:38:07Z","timestamp":1644133087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002013831300017X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S002013831300017X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2013.01.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-1383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-1383","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}}}