{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T03:07:32Z","timestamp":1783480052548,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["injuryjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Injury"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,19]],"date-time":"2013-09-19T14:46:21Z","timestamp":1379601981000},"page":"369-373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Treatment of AVN using the induction chamber technique and a biological-based approach: Indications and clinical results"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"G.M.","family":"Calori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Mazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Mazzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.V.","family":"Mineo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.V.","family":"Giannoudis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1054\/arth.2001.28722","article-title":"Outcomes of limited femoral resurfacing arthroplasty compared with total hip arthroplasty for osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"16","author":"Mont","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199603000-00020","article-title":"Core decompression versus nonoperative management for osteonecrosis of the hip","volume":"324","author":"Mont","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0015","first-page":"327","article-title":"Avascular necrosis of the femoral head: etiology, pathophysiology, classification, and current treatment guidelines","volume":"33","author":"Aldridge","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116706","article-title":"Association of alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, and occupational status with the risk of idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"137","author":"Hirota","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198809000-00021","article-title":"Influence of alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, and occupational status on idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"234","author":"Matsuo","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200603000-00016","article-title":"Groin pain in athletes: a consequence of femoral head avascular necrosis after testicular cancer chemotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Kaila","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1532\/IJH97.E0515","article-title":"Bilateral osteonecrosis of the head of the femur during treatment with retinoic acid in a young patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia","volume":"83","author":"Sakakura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21559","article-title":"Avascular necrosis of femoral head in childhood acute myeloid leukemia: complication of chemotherapy without steroids","volume":"51","author":"Ghosh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190500282001","article-title":"Avascular necrosis of the femoral head as the first manifestation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"47","author":"G\u00fcrkan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2007.06727.x","article-title":"Avascular necrosis of the femoral head in childhood chronic myeloid leukaemia","volume":"139","author":"Hughes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.45320","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of femoral head: treatment by core decompression and vascular pedicle grafting","volume":"43","author":"Babhulkar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2008.06.017","article-title":"Cell-based therapies for osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"14","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-008-0184-9","article-title":"Do modern techniques improve core decompression outcomes for hip osteonecrosis?","volume":"466","author":"Marker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.01582","article-title":"Fate of untreated asymptomatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"90","author":"Nam","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30431-4","article-title":"Fat embolism and osteonecrosis","volume":"16","author":"Jones","year":"1985","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0080","first-page":"870","article-title":"Hypothesis: retrograde embolization of marrow fat may cause osteonecrosis","volume":"14","author":"Simkin","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0085","first-page":"348","article-title":"Abnormalities in the replicative capacity of osteoblastic cells in the proximal femur of patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"30","author":"Gangji","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199707000-00011","article-title":"Abnormalities in the bone marrow of the iliac crest in patients who have osteonecrosis secondary to corticosteroid therapy of alcohol abuse","volume":"79","author":"Hernigou","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B3.10793","article-title":"The extent of osteocyte death in the proximal femur of patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"83","author":"Calder","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.10.030","article-title":"Increased Dickkopf-1 expression accelerates bone cell apoptosis in the femoral head osteonecrosis","volume":"46","author":"Ko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.67B1.3155745","article-title":"Idiopathic bone necrosis of the femoral head: early diagnosis and treatment","volume":"67B","author":"Ficat RP:","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-5403(03)00066-4","article-title":"Hip arthroplasty after failed free vascularized fibular grafting for osteonecrosis in young patients","volume":"18","author":"Berend","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200107000-00006","article-title":"Strut-autografting with and without osteogenic protein-1: a preliminary study of a canine femoral head defect model","volume":"83\u2013A","author":"Mont","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0120","series-title":"Osteonecrosis: etiology, diagnosis and treatment","first-page":"391","article-title":"Total hip arthroplasty in the management of osteonecrosis of the femoral head","author":"Xenakis","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2007.02.009","article-title":"Treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"22\u20134","author":"Hungerford","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200401000-00006","article-title":"Core decompression for osteonecrosis of hip","volume":"418","author":"Lieberman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0135","first-page":"670","article-title":"Clinical outcome and survivorship analysis of core decompression for early osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"21\u20135","author":"Lorio","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2005.08.018","article-title":"Cost effective analysis of core decompression","volume":"21\u20135","author":"Soohoo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0145","first-page":"140","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the femoral head. A prospective randomized treatment protocol","volume":"268","author":"Stulberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B6.7593097","article-title":"Preventing collapse in early osteonecrosis of the femoral head. A randomized clinical trial of core decompression","volume":"77\u20136","author":"Koo","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B7.16289","article-title":"The use of percutaneous autologous bone marrow transplantation in nonunion and avascular necrosis of bone","volume":"87\u20137","author":"Heringou","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.81B2.8818","article-title":"Decrease in the mesenchymal stem cell pool in the proximal femur in corticosteroid induced osteonecrosis","volume":"81\u20132","author":"Hernigou","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200406000-00006","article-title":"Treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head with implantation of autologous bone marrow cells. A pilot study","volume":"86\u2013A","author":"Gangji","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200212000-00003","article-title":"Treatment of osteonecrosis with autologous bone marrow grafting","volume":"405","author":"Hernigou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.45322","article-title":"Cell therapy of hip osteonecrosis with autologous bone marrow grafting","volume":"43","author":"Hernigou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt98","article-title":"Stem cell- and growth factor-based regenerative therapies for avascular necrosis of the femoral head","volume":"3","author":"Rackwitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2009.04.002","article-title":"The effect of bone marrow mononuclear cells on vascularization and bone regeneration in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"76","author":"Sun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2008.08.011","article-title":"Application of rhBMP-7 and platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of long bone non-unions: a prospective randomized clinical study on 120 patients","volume":"39","author":"Calori","year":"2008","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"S3","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(09)70013-0","article-title":"Application of bone morphogenetic proteins to femoral non-unions: a 4-year multicentre experience","volume":"40","author":"Kanakaris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(08)70019-6","article-title":"Application of BMP-7 to tibial non-unions: a 3-year multicenter experience","volume":"39","author":"Kanakaris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.06.011","article-title":"The use of bone graft substitutes in large bone defects: any specific needs?","volume":"42","author":"Calori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.04.016","article-title":"Enhancement of fracture healing with the diamond concept: the role of the biological chamber","volume":"42","author":"Calori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.03.046","article-title":"Treatment of long bone non unions with polytherapy: indications and clinical results","volume":"42","author":"Calori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/03946320110241S216","article-title":"Polytherapy in bone regeneration: clinical applications and preliminary considerations","volume":"24","author":"Calori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(13)70015-9","article-title":"Monotherapy vs. polytherapy in the treatment of forearm non-unions and bone defects","volume":"44","author":"Calori","year":"2013","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000150312.53937.6f","article-title":"Treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head with core decompression and human bone morphogenetic protein","volume":"429","author":"Lieberman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0235","first-page":"S131","article-title":"Management delle osteonecrosi avascolari della testa del femore con fattori di crescita","volume":"14","author":"Calori","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aggiorn Club Ita Osteosint"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.032","article-title":"Autologous bone marrow cell implantation in the treatment of non traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head: five year follow up of a prospective controlled study","volume":"49","author":"Gangji","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-012-1623-3","article-title":"Core decompression and implantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells with porous hydroxylapatite composite filler for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"133","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.11.002","article-title":"Treatment of early stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head with autologous implantation of bone marrow-derived and cultured mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"50","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"7 (July)","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2012.03.007","article-title":"The use of bone morphogenic protein-7 (OP-1) in the management of resistant non-unions in the upper and lower limb","volume":"43","author":"Papanna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"Suppl 1 (January)","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(13)70009-3","article-title":"Autograft versus BMPs for the treatment of non-unions: what is the evidence?","volume":"44","author":"Blokhuis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"Suppl 1 (January)","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(13)70008-1","article-title":"Clinical applications of growth factors in bone injuries: experience with BMPs","volume":"44","author":"Ronga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Injury"}],"container-title":["Injury"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020138313004233?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020138313004233?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]],"date-time":"2022-03-06T12:32:36Z","timestamp":1646569956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020138313004233"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0020138313004233"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-1383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-1383","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Treatment of AVN using the induction chamber technique and a biological-based approach: Indications and clinical results","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Injury","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}