{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T01:04:59Z","timestamp":1793754299946,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]],"date-time":"2015-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bioventus LLC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","injuryjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Injury"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,29]],"date-time":"2015-05-29T05:04:21Z","timestamp":1432875861000},"page":"2036-2041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Treatment of chronic (&gt;1 year) fracture nonunion: Heal rate in a cohort of 767 patients treated with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Zura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Della Rocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Brodie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Grant","family":"Steen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(07)80003-9","article-title":"Prevalence of long-bone non-unions","volume":"38","author":"Tzioupis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(07)80010-6","article-title":"Femoral diaphyseal aseptic non-unions: is there an ideal method of treatment?","volume":"38","author":"Crowley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.95B9.31112","article-title":"The outcome of tibial diaphyseal fractures in the elderly","volume":"95-B","author":"Clement","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514525929","article-title":"Adverse event rates and classifications in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy","author":"Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199906000-00012","article-title":"Aggressive treatment of 119 open fracture wounds","volume":"46","author":"DeLong","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1091","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.01344","article-title":"Variability in the definition and perceived causes of delayed unions and nonunions: a cross-sectional, multinational survey of orthopaedic surgeons","volume":"94","author":"Bhandari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200110000-00012","article-title":"Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in the treatment of nonunions","volume":"51","author":"Nolte","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0230","first-page":"116","article-title":"Current medical treatment strategies concerning fracture healing","volume":"10","author":"Giannotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200910000-00007","article-title":"Failure of fracture plate fixation","volume":"17","author":"Gardner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"11 Suppl. A","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.95B11.32896","article-title":"When femoral fracture fixation fails: salvage options","volume":"95-B","author":"Petrie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734611400256","article-title":"The diabetic bone: a cellular and molecular perspective","volume":"10","author":"Blakytny","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Low Extrem Wounds"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1243-5","article-title":"Smoking and impaired bone healing: will activation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway be the bridge?","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182aafe0d","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs\u2019 impact on non-union and infection rates in long-bone fractures","volume":"76","author":"Jeffcoach","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(13)70012-3","article-title":"Genetic predisposition to non-union: evidence today","volume":"44","author":"Dimitriou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0265","first-page":"548","article-title":"Management of nonunion following surgical management of scaphoid fractures: current concepts","volume":"21","author":"Moon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2005.06.002","article-title":"Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound: effects on nonunions","volume":"31","author":"Gebauer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199401000-00004","article-title":"Acceleration of tibial fracture-healing by non-invasive, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound","volume":"76A","author":"Heckman","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-229","article-title":"Improved healing response in delayed unions of the tibia with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound: results of a randomized sham-controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Schofer","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00021234","article-title":"Ultrasound \u2013 an alternative healing method for nonunions?","volume":"120","author":"Mayr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0290","first-page":"195","article-title":"Management of non-union with pulsed low-intensity ultrasound therapy \u2013 international results","volume":"10","author":"Frankel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surg Technol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0498-1","article-title":"A cohort study of 4,190 patients treated with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS): findings in the elderly versus all patients","volume":"16","author":"Zura","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Dis"},{"issue":"1\u20139","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2003.11.014","article-title":"Compound high-energy limb fractures with delayed union: our experience with adjuvant ultrasound stimulation (exogen)","volume":"42","author":"Lerner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-006-1080-3","article-title":"Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment for postoperative delayed union or nonunion of long bone fractures","volume":"12","author":"Jingushi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2011.10.011","article-title":"Indications and results for the Exogen ultrasound system in the management of non-union: a 59-case pilot study","volume":"98","author":"Roussignol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000238663.33796.fb","article-title":"Use of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for posttraumatic nonunions of the tibia: a review of patients treated in the Netherlands","volume":"62","author":"Rutten","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2010.09.016","article-title":"Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for non-union treatment: a 14-case series evaluation","volume":"97","author":"Hemery","year":"2011","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0325","first-page":"173","article-title":"Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in the conservative treatment of pseudoarthrosis","volume":"44","author":"Pigozzi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.50848","article-title":"Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound: nonunions","volume":"43","author":"Dijkman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.00742","article-title":"Exchange nailing of ununited fractures","volume":"89","author":"Brinker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31803ea9e6","article-title":"Antibiotic cement-coated interlocking nail for the treatment of infected nonunions and segmental bone defects","volume":"21","author":"Thonse","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1177\/2151458514532811","article-title":"Older age does not affect healing time and functional outcomes after fracture nonunion surgery","volume":"5","author":"Taormina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2007.02.012","article-title":"Autologous iliac crest bone graft: should it still be the gold standard for treating nonunions?","volume":"38","author":"Sen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-7-49","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of chronic pain associated with posterior autologous iliac crest bone graft harvest and its effect on postoperative outcome","author":"Schwartz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0360","first-page":"224","article-title":"Treatment of long bone nonunions: factors affecting healing","volume":"70","author":"Egol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-014-0117-6","article-title":"EXOGEN ultrasound bone healing system for long bone fractures with non-union or delyaed healing: a NICE medical technology guidance","volume":"12","author":"Higgins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Health Econ Health Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2015.1019887","article-title":"Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) can decrease the economic burden of fracture non-union","volume":"18","author":"Mehta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31814d4dc6","article-title":"Metabolic and endocrine abnormalities in patients with nonunions","volume":"21","author":"Brinker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-010-1171-7","article-title":"Genetic factors responsible for long bone fractures non-union","volume":"131","author":"Szcz\u0119sny","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"}],"container-title":["Injury"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020138315003010?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020138315003010?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,25]],"date-time":"2019-08-25T19:33:11Z","timestamp":1566761591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020138315003010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0020138315003010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-1383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-1383","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Treatment of chronic (>1 year) fracture nonunion: Heal rate in a cohort of 767 patients treated with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Injury","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.042","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}