{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T11:20:07Z","timestamp":1789557607836,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","injuryjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Injury"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]],"date-time":"2016-09-14T19:55:43Z","timestamp":1473882943000},"page":"2442-2449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Motorcycle helmet fixation status is more crucial than helmet type in providing protection to the head"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Roszalina","family":"Ramli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennie","family":"Oxley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0005","unstructured":"Royal Malaysian Police 2010 Statistical Report of Road Accidents in Malaysia. Traffic Branch, Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur, 2011."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0010","unstructured":"A Sarani, A Roslan, N Saniran, Motorcycle ADSA Fact Sheet Vol.1. 2011. Available: http:\/\/www.miros.gov.my. (accessed 2.01.13)."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2012.748832","article-title":"Concomitant injuries and its influence on functional outcome after traumatic brain injury","volume":"35","author":"Leong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0020","first-page":"115","article-title":"Fatal injuries in Malaysian motorcyclists","volume":"3","author":"Pang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Med Res J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0025","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Status Report on Road Safety: Time for Action. Geneva, 2009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0030","article-title":"Helmets for preventing injury in motorcycle riders","volume":"1","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0035","unstructured":"HH Hurt, J Ouellet, D Thorn, Motorcycle accident cause factors and identification of countermeasures. Vol. I Technical Report Los Angeles, CA, 1981."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117746","article-title":"Case-control study of the effectiveness of different types of helmets for the prevention of head injuries among motorcycle riders in Taipei, Taiwan","volume":"142","author":"Tsai","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr040","article-title":"Effectiveness of different types of motorcycle helmets and effects of their improper use on head injuries","volume":"40","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-117X(82)80036-X","article-title":"Head and facial injuries after low speed motorcycle accidents","volume":"20","author":"Cannell","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Oral Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1977.tb130562.x","article-title":"Motorcycle helmets and facial injuries","volume":"1","author":"Vaughan","year":"1977","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0060","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Helmets. Road Safety Manual for Decision-Makers and Practitioners. World Health Organization Geneva . 2006."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(95)00056-9","article-title":"Helmets, injuries and cultural definitions: motorcycle injury in urban Indonesia","volume":"28","author":"Conrad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Accid Analy Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0070","first-page":"1","article-title":"Crash characteristics and patterns of injury among hospitalized motorised two-wheeled vehicle users in urban India","volume":"16","author":"Fitzharris","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2006.012724","article-title":"Prevalence of helmet use among motorcycle riders in Vietnam","volume":"12","author":"Hung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Injury Prev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1080\/10286580108902568","article-title":"Modeling of compliance behavior of motorcyclists to proper usage of safety helmets in Malaysia","volume":"2","author":"Kulanthayan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Crash Prev Injury Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2008.06.019","article-title":"Improper motorcycle helmet use in provincial areas of a developing country","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Accid Analy Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.08.012","article-title":"Prevalence rates of helmet use among motorcycle riders in a developed region in China","volume":"43","author":"Xuequn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Accid Analy Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0095","unstructured":"Department of Statistics, 2010. Population and housing census, Malaysia (2010 Cencus). http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.my (accessed 2.09.12)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0100","unstructured":"Kuala Lumpur City Hall. Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan, 2020. Available: http:\/\/www.dbkl.gov.my\/pskl2020, 2003 (accessed 22.09.11)."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2010.01657.x","article-title":"Death by motorcycle: background, behavioral, and situational correlates of fatal motorcycle collisions","volume":"56","author":"Nunn","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0110","first-page":"39","article-title":"Increased risk of death or disability in unhelmeted Wisconsin motorcyclists","volume":"104","author":"Sauter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Wisconsin Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0115","unstructured":"OpenEpi, Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health or OpenEpi Version 2.3.1. http:\/\/www.openepi.com\/OE23\/Menu\/OpenEpiMenu.htm. 2011."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0120","series-title":"Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions","author":"Fleiss","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0125","series-title":"Methods in observational epidemiology","author":"Kelsey","year":"1996"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318163f94d","article-title":"Pattern of maxillofacial injuries in motorcyclists in Malaysia","volume":"19","author":"Ramli","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0135","unstructured":"Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, The Abbreviated Injury Scale 2005 (Update 2008). Barrington, IL, 2008."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0140","article-title":"Helmets for preventing head and facial injuries in bicyclists","volume":"2","author":"Thompson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.12.002","article-title":"Bio-psychosocial determinants of persistent pain 6 months after non-life-threatening acute orthopaedic trauma","volume":"11","author":"Clay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1159\/000080091","article-title":"Relation between motorcycle helmet use and cervical spinal cord injury","volume":"23","author":"Lin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(94)70317-5","article-title":"Motorcycle helmets and spinal injuries: dispelling the myth","volume":"23","author":"Orsay","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.1.41","article-title":"Motorcycle helmet use and injury outcome and hospitalization costs from crashes in Washington State","volume":"86","author":"Rowland","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(93)90028-U","article-title":"The association of helmet use with the outcome of motorcycle crash injury when controlling for crash\/injury severity","volume":"25","author":"Rutledge","year":"1993","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-227X-14-17","article-title":"The effect of motorcycle helmet type, components and fixation status on facial injury in Klang Valley, Malaysia: a case control study","volume":"14","author":"Ramli","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050802060621","article-title":"Ten-year outcomes following traumatic brain injury: a population-based cohort","volume":"22","author":"Cameron","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0180","series-title":"SAE Technical Paper Series, no. 860499","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4271\/860499","article-title":"Permanent medical impairment among road-traffic victims and risk of serious consequences. Crash injury impairment and disability. Long term effects","author":"Gustafsson","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0185","series-title":"SAE Technical Paper Series, no. 871078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4271\/871078","article-title":"The use of impairment for establishing accident injury. Research priorities","author":"Luchter","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0190","series-title":"Proceedings IRCOBI Conference","article-title":"A study of 93 fatal two wheeled motor vehicle accidents","author":"Pedder","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0195","first-page":"2323","article-title":"Testing the positional stability of motorcycle helmets","author":"Hurt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 16th Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference. No.98-S10-P30"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.5.3.194","article-title":"Fit of bicycle helmets and risk of head injuries in children","volume":"5","author":"Rivara","year":"1999","journal-title":"Injury Prev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2012.01.004","article-title":"The effect of an optimised helmet fit on neck load and neck pain during military helicopter flights","volume":"43","author":"Van den Oord","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0210","series-title":"PhD Thesis","article-title":"Effectiveness of motorcycle helmets for preventing head and facial injuries","author":"Ramli","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(93)90175-9","article-title":"An improved motorcycle helmet design for tropical climates","volume":"24","author":"Patel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0220","series-title":"Proceedings of the 17th World Congress on Ergonomics, Paper No. 2SA0023","article-title":"Helmet stability and fit in Australian pedal and motorcyclists populations","author":"Thai","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0225","unstructured":"APROSYS, Report on the performance of riders protective devices and the corresponding injuries of riders. State-of-the-art regarding motorcyclist\u2019s helmets and clothing. Future research guidelines, 2006. Available: http:\/\/www.aprosys.com\/Documents\/ (accessed 22.09.11)."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0230","first-page":"RA316","article-title":"Correlating crash severity with injury risk, injury severity, and long-term symptoms in low velocity motor vehicle collisions","volume":"11","author":"Croft","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(02)00088-X","article-title":"Accuracy of self-reported data for estimating crash severity","volume":"35","author":"Elliott","year":"2003","journal-title":"Accid Analy Prev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)90013-2","article-title":"Risk factors of fatality in motor vehicle traffic accidents","volume":"26","author":"Shibata","year":"1994","journal-title":"Accid Analy Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0245","unstructured":"Royal Malaysia Police, Personal communication on proper helmet use, police enforcement and recent preventive programmes, 2013."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138808966784","article-title":"Survey of head, helmet and headform sizes related to motorcycle helmet design","volume":"31","author":"Gilchrist","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ergon"}],"container-title":["Injury"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020138316304739?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020138316304739?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T01:18:33Z","timestamp":1601083113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020138316304739"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0020138316304739"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-1383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-1383","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Motorcycle helmet fixation status is more crucial than helmet type in providing protection to the head","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Injury","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}