{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:58:50Z","timestamp":1790827130829,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","injuryjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Injury"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T08:03:10Z","timestamp":1564646590000},"page":"40-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"special_numbering":"S3","title":["Use of Masquelet technique in treatment of septic and atrophic fracture nonunion"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"T.F.","family":"Raven","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Ermisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Westhauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Heller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Bruckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Schmidmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0005","article-title":"OS8-55 Use of Masquelet technique in treatment of septic and atrophic non-union","volume":"47","author":"Moghaddam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(07)80004-0","article-title":"Risk factors contributing to fracture non-unions","volume":"38","author":"Calori","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(07)80003-9","article-title":"Prevalence of long-bone non-unions","volume":"38","author":"Tzioupis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S91532","article-title":"Are atrophic long-bone nonunions associated with low-grade infections?","volume":"11","author":"Dapunt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0025","series-title":"Klinisches, funktionelles und psychosoziales Outcome nach Pseudarthrosetherapie nach Masquelet-Technik","author":"Ermisch","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-016-0149-0","article-title":"Sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation","volume":"4","author":"Okamoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(15)30017-6","article-title":"Treatment of atrophic tibia non-unions according to\u2019 diamond concept\u2019: results of one- and two-step treatment","volume":"46","author":"Moghaddam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-14-42","article-title":"Tibia shaft fractures: costly burden of nonunions","volume":"14","author":"Antonova","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01237","article-title":"Better prophylaxis against surgical site infection with local as well as systemic antibiotics. An in vivo study","volume":"91","author":"Cavanaugh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-66","article-title":"Bone regeneration: current concepts and future directions","volume":"9","author":"Dimitriou","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s00064-013-0254-3","article-title":"[Infections in trauma and orthopedic surgery]","volume":"25","author":"Dresing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oper Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1086\/502033","article-title":"The impact of surgical-site infections following orthopedic surgery at a community hospital and a university hospital: adverse quality of life, excess length of stay, and extra cost","volume":"23","author":"Whitehouse","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2015.12.001","article-title":"A comparative study of the therapeutic effect between long and short intramedullary nails in the treatment of intertrochanteric femur fractures in the elderly","volume":"18","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin J Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0070","series-title":"Sterbetafeln und Lebenserwartung","author":"Statistisches Bundesamt","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1214158","article-title":"Osteomyelitis of the long bones","volume":"23","author":"Calhoun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"898","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.76.898.479","article-title":"Pathophysiology of chronic bacterial osteomyelitis. Why do antibiotics fail so often?","volume":"76","author":"Ciampolini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir340","article-title":"Use of antistaphylococcal beta-lactams to increase daptomycin activity in eradicating persistent bacteremia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: role of enhanced daptomycin binding","volume":"53","author":"Dhand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B12.19671","article-title":"Inhibition of fracture healing","volume":"89","author":"Gaston","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0095","first-page":"346","article-title":"[Reconstruction of the long bones by the induced membrane and spongy autograft]","volume":"45","author":"Masquelet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Chir Plast Esthet"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(08)70003-2","article-title":"Fracture healing: the diamond concept","volume":"38","author":"Giannoudis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(08)70010-X","article-title":"The diamond concept--open questions","volume":"39","author":"Giannoudis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"238","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198901000-00038","article-title":"The tension-stress effect on the genesis and growth of tissues. Part I. The influence of stability of fixation and soft-tissue preservation","author":"Ilizarov","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0115","article-title":"[Tibial defects and infected non-unions : treatment results after Masquelet technique]","author":"Moghaddam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthopade"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(13)70015-9","article-title":"Monotherapy vs. Polytherapy in the treatment of forearm non-unions and bone defects","volume":"44","author":"Calori","year":"2013","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(08)70015-9","article-title":"Fracture vascularity and bone healing: a systematic review of the role of VEGF","volume":"39","author":"Keramaris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2016.10.003","article-title":"Treatment of atrophic femoral non-unions according to the diamond concept: results of one- and two-step surgical procedure","volume":"14","author":"Moghaddam","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.10.030","article-title":"Validation of the Non-Union Scoring System in 300 long bone non-unions","volume":"45","author":"Calori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(08)70016-0","article-title":"Classification of non-union: need for a new scoring system?","volume":"39","author":"Calori","year":"2008","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.05.011","article-title":"Cigarette smoking influences the clinical and occupational outcome of patients with tibial shaft fractures","volume":"42","author":"Moghaddam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-015-2253-3","article-title":"Reaming in treatment of non-unions in long bones: cytokine expression course as a tool for evaluation of non-union therapy","volume":"135","author":"Westhauser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1007\/s00113-011-2100-0","article-title":"[Results of nonunion treatment with bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7)]","volume":"115","author":"Moghaddam-Alvandi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"issue":"Suppl 8","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(15)30051-6","article-title":"RIA fractions contain mesenchymal stroma cells with high osteogenic potency","volume":"46","author":"Kuehlfluck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-009-0982-x","article-title":"Clinical application of BMP 7 in long bone non-unions","volume":"130","author":"Moghaddam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(13)70009-3","article-title":"Autograft versus BMPs for the treatment of non-unions: what is the evidence?","volume":"44","author":"Blokhuis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(09)70010-5","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic proteins in critical-size bone defects: what are the options?","volume":"40","author":"Schmidmaier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0180","series-title":"American-Heart-Association","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0185","first-page":"1297","article-title":"Validity of subjective smoking status in orthopedic patients","volume":"11","author":"Bender","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.06.025","article-title":"Health outcomes of delayed union and nonunion of femoral and tibial shaft fractures","volume":"45","author":"Tay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001105010193","article-title":"The aseptic femoral and tibial shaft non-union in healthy patients - an analysis of the health-related quality of life and the socioeconomic outcome","volume":"5","author":"Zeckey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open Orthop J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200503000-00001","article-title":"Impact of smoking on fracture healing and risk of complications in limb-threatening open tibia fractures","volume":"19","author":"Castillo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.60B2.350882","article-title":"The biology of fracture healing in long bones","volume":"60-B","author":"McKibbin","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182aafe0d","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs\u2019 impact on nonunion and infection rates in long-bone fractures","volume":"76","author":"Jeffcoach","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.26.2000142","article-title":"The effect of smoking on bone healing: a systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Patel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2011.11.001","article-title":"Treatment of posttraumatic bone defects by the induced membrane technique","volume":"98","author":"Karger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0225","first-page":"110","article-title":"Demographic predictors of false negative self-reported tobacco use status in an insurance applicant population","volume":"44","author":"Palmier","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Insur Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B10.19022","article-title":"The genetic predisposition to adverse outcome after trauma","volume":"89","author":"Giannoudis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1159\/000374052","article-title":"HIF-1alpha as a regulator of BMP2-Induced chondrogenic differentiation, osteogenic differentiation, and endochondral ossification in stem cells","volume":"36","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2010.02.010","article-title":"Two-stage reconstruction of post-traumatic segmental tibia bone loss with nailing","volume":"96","author":"Apard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.06.014","article-title":"Two stage reconstruction of septic non-union of the humerus with the use of circular external fixation","volume":"47","author":"Ferreira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.main.2010.06.008","article-title":"[Use of the induced membrane technique for the treatment of bone defects in the hand or wrist, in emergency]","volume":"29","author":"Flamans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chir Main"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S72","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(10)70014-0","article-title":"Reamer-irrigator-aspirator bone graft and bi Masquelet technique for segmental bone defect nonunions: a review of 25 cases","volume":"41","author":"Stafford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.53.2000487","article-title":"Induced membrane technique for the treatment of bone defects due to post-traumatic osteomyelitis","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"issue":"338","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199705000-00025","article-title":"Reamed interlocking intramedullary nailing of open fractures of the tibia","author":"Keating","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2006.09.008","article-title":"Fracture healing in the elderly patient","volume":"41","author":"Gruber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200103000-00003","article-title":"Retrograde versus antegrade nailing of femoral shaft fractures","volume":"15","author":"Ricci","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2007.02.005","article-title":"Malunions and nonunions of the forearm","volume":"23","author":"Richard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2006.02.050","article-title":"Intramedullary nailing for non-union of the humeral diaphysis: a review","volume":"37","author":"Kontakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B1.35682","article-title":"Treatment of nonunions in fractures of the humeral shaft according to the Diamond Concept","volume":"98-B","author":"Miska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0295","first-page":"e4546","article-title":"Non-union current treatment concept","volume":"3","author":"Moghaddam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Shafa Orthop J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-008-0436-x","article-title":"Estrogen and raloxifene improve metaphyseal fracture healing in the early phase of osteoporosis. A new fracture-healing model at the tibia in rat","volume":"395","author":"Stuermer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(98)00125-9","article-title":"The epidemiology of open long bone fractures","volume":"29","author":"Court-Brown","year":"1998","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2013.12.005","article-title":"Recommendations for the treatment of osteomyelitis","volume":"18","author":"Lima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 8","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(15)30054-1","article-title":"The Masquelet technique of induced membrane for healing of bone defects. A review of 8 cases","volume":"46","author":"Olesen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141973","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of ilizarov methods in the treatment of infected nonunion of tibia and femur","volume":"10","author":"Yin","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-015-4326-6","article-title":"Does Integrated Fixation Provide Benefit in the Reconstruction of Posttraumatic Tibial Bone Defects?","volume":"473","author":"Bernstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31802dccdb","article-title":"Reconstruction of juxta-articular huge defects of distal femur with vascularized fibular bone graft and Ilizarov\u2019s distraction osteogenesis","volume":"62","author":"Lai","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.88B7.17639","article-title":"Management of complex tibial and femoral nonunion using the Ilizarov technique, and its cost implications","volume":"88","author":"Patil","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s11751-015-0239-x","article-title":"Combined use of the Ilizarov method, concentrated bone marrow aspirate (cBMA), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to expedite healing of bimalleolar fractures","volume":"10","author":"Rodriguez-Collazo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679908997806","article-title":"Lengthening of the tibia over an intramedullary nail, using the Ilizarov external fixator. Major complications and slow consolidation in 9 lengthenings","volume":"70","author":"Kristiansen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(15)30009-7","article-title":"Pin-site care: can we reduce the incidence of infections?","volume":"46","author":"Ktistakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s002640050263","article-title":"Tibial bone defects treated by internal bone transport using the Ilizarov method","volume":"22","author":"Song","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.93B6.25521","article-title":"Complications and outcome of tibial lengthening using the Ilizarov method with or without a supplementary intramedullary nail: a case-matched comparative study","volume":"93","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0365","first-page":"634","article-title":"Treatment of osteomyelitis and infected non-union of the femur by a modified Ilizarov technique: follow-up study","volume":"42","author":"Barbarossa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(00)00036-X","article-title":"The Ilizarov method in infected nonunion of fractures","volume":"31","author":"Maini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0375","first-page":"63","article-title":"Ilizarov treatment for aseptic delayed union or non-union after reamed intramedullary nailing of the femur","volume":"76","author":"Lammens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-2897-2-6","article-title":"Outcomes of Ilizarov ring fixation in recalcitrant infected tibial non-unions - a prospective study","volume":"2","author":"Madhusudhan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma Manag Outcomes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.01.023","article-title":"Treatment of bone defects: Bone transport or the induced membrane technique?","volume":"47","author":"Giannoudis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-015-0189-5","article-title":"Infected nonunion of tibia and femur treated by bone transport","volume":"10","author":"Yin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11751-016-0255-5","article-title":"A novel intramedullary callus distraction system for the treatment of femoral bone defects","author":"Horas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2011.584209","article-title":"Intramedullary leg lengthening with a motorized nail","volume":"82","author":"Krieg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.88B7.17618","article-title":"The results of limb lengthening by callus distraction using an extending intramedullary nail (Fitbone) in non-traumatic disorders","volume":"88","author":"Singh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.51.2000577","article-title":"Tibial lengthening over intramedullary nails: a matched case comparison with Ilizarov tibial lengthening","volume":"5","author":"Burghardt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200411000-00007","article-title":"Complications encountered during lengthening over an intramedullary nail","volume":"86-A","author":"Kocaoglu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-005-0939-z","article-title":"Tibial lengthening over an intramedullary nail","volume":"10","author":"Watanabe","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s13037-015-0079-0","article-title":"Innovative strategies for the management of long bone infection: a review of the Masquelet technique","volume":"9","author":"Chadayammuri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Patient Saf Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-016-5732-3","article-title":"Three-dimensional polymer coated 45S5-type bioactive glass scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells show bone formation in vivo","volume":"27","author":"Westhauser","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"issue":"December (12)","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.11.013","article-title":"Application of the\u2019 diamond concept\u2019 with fast bone marrow aspirate concentration for the treatment of medial malleolus non-union","volume":"49","author":"Douras","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"October (10)","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.07.015","article-title":"Evaluation of matrix metalloproteases as early biomarkers for bone regeneration during the applied Masquelet therapy for non-unions","volume":"49","author":"Haubruck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"December (Suppl 4)","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.11.017","article-title":"Masquelet technique to treat a septic nonunion after nailing of a femoral open fracture","volume":"49","author":"Stella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"August (8)","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.06.011","article-title":"Effects of concentrated growth factors (CGF) on the quality of the induced membrane in Masquelet\u2019s technique - An experimental study in rabbits","volume":"49","author":"Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"March (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.11.007","article-title":"A pilot study: alternative biomaterials in critical sized bone defect treatment","volume":"49","author":"Tarchala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"October (10)","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.08.012","article-title":"Circumferential bone grafting around an absorbable gelatin sponge core reduced the amount of grafted bone in the induced membrane technique for critical-size defects of long bones","volume":"48","author":"Cho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"July (7)","key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.03.042","article-title":"Masquelet technique versus Ilizarov bone transport for reconstruction of lower extremity bone defects following posttraumatic osteomyelitis","volume":"48","author":"Tong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Injury"}],"container-title":["Injury"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020138319303638?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020138319303638?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T06:26:13Z","timestamp":1758090373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020138319303638"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":93,"alternative-id":["S0020138319303638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-1383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-1383","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Use of Masquelet technique in treatment of septic and atrophic fracture nonunion","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Injury","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}