{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T19:06:22Z","timestamp":1793473582066,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","injuryjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Injury"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]],"date-time":"2022-12-24T21:36:29Z","timestamp":1671917789000},"page":"738-743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Butterfly fragments in diaphyseal tibial fractures heal unpredictably: Should we be adopting other strategies for these high risk fractures?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8373-8593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke","family":"Myhre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0471-7212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lillia","family":"Steffenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7749-3662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David L.","family":"Rothberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8269-3925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin M.","family":"Haller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4499-6669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas S.","family":"Marchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0001","article-title":"Musculoskeletal conditions in the United States","author":"Praemer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000163836.66906.74","article-title":"Path analysis of factors for delayed healing and nonunion in 416 operatively treated tibial shaft fractures","author":"Audig\u00e9","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001173","article-title":"Tibial fracture nonunion and time to healing after reamed intramedullary nailing: risk factors based on a single-center review of 1003 patients","author":"Dailey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.81B1.0810071","article-title":"Fractures of the tibia. Can their outcome be predicted?","author":"Gaston","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg - Ser B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-4821-4","article-title":"Will my tibial fracture heal? Predicting nonunion at the time of definitive fixation based on commonly available variables","author":"O'Halloran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200305000-00006","article-title":"Predictors of reoperation following operative management of fractures of the tibial shaft","author":"Bhandari","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(00)80031-5","article-title":"The point of view of the clinician: a prospective study of the mechanism of accidents and the morphology of tibial and fibular shaft fractures","author":"Johner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0008","article-title":"Introduction","author":"Kellam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181ca3fd1","article-title":"The radiographic union scale in tibial fractures: reliability and validity","author":"Kooistra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0010","article-title":"Development of the radiographic union score for tibial fractures for the assessment of tibial fracture healing after intramedullary fixation","author":"Whelan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Trauma - Inj Infect Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679008993511","article-title":"Incidence of femoral and tibial shaft fractures. Epidemiology 1950-1983 in Malm\u00f6, Sweden","volume":"61","author":"Bengn\u00e9r","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.08.003","article-title":"Fracture non-union: who is at risk?","volume":"44","author":"Copuroglu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-14-103","article-title":"Predictors of nonunion and reoperation in patients with fractures of the tibia: an observational study","volume":"14","author":"Fong","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.88B2.16456","article-title":"Factors affecting fracture healing after intramedullary nailing of the tibial diaphysis for closed and grade I open fractures","volume":"88","author":"Drosos","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00385","article-title":"Any cortical bridging predicts healing of tibial shaft fractures","volume":"96","author":"Lack","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01418","article-title":"Prognostic factors for predicting outcomes after intramedullary nailing of the tibia","volume":"94","author":"Schemitsch","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2018.01.026","article-title":"Suprapatellar versus infrapatellar approach for tibia intramedullary nailing: a meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Surg Lond Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2021.01.009","article-title":"Suprapatellar versus infrapatellar nailing for tibial shaft fractures: a comparison of surgical and clinical outcomes between two approaches","volume":"17","author":"Al-Azzawi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-01904-2","article-title":"Prevalence and influencing factors of nonunion in patients with tibial fracture: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.2775","article-title":"Epidemiology of fracture nonunion in 18 human bones","volume":"151","author":"Zura","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-14-42","article-title":"Tibia shaft fractures: costly burden of nonunions","author":"Antonova","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"}],"container-title":["Injury"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002013832200955X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002013832200955X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T20:11:44Z","timestamp":1758139904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002013832200955X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S002013832200955X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-1383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-1383","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Butterfly fragments in diaphyseal tibial fractures heal unpredictably: Should we be adopting other strategies for these high risk fractures?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Injury","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}