{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T17:25:29Z","timestamp":1783704329334,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Interventional Pain Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T07:42:38Z","timestamp":1739346158000},"page":"100547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the lumbar multifidi muscles: Comparison of the magnetic resonance imaging and musculoskeletal ultrasound"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7372-4171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Gofeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Bharatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib1","unstructured":"ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics (Version : 01\/2023), https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse11\/l-m\/en."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.543","article-title":"The rising prevalence of chronic low back pain","volume":"169","author":"Freburger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2012\/15\/525","article-title":"Prospective clinical study on natural history of discogenic low back pain at 4 years of follow-up","volume":"15","author":"Peng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib4","unstructured":"Russo M, Deckers K, Eldabe S, et al. Muscle control and non-specific chronic low back pain. Neuromodulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.07.188","article-title":"The multifidus muscle is the strongest stabilizer of the lumbar spine","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199501150-00011","article-title":"Stability increase of the lumbar spine with different muscle groups. A biomechanical in vitro study","volume":"20","author":"Wilke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1522-4","article-title":"Correlation between intervertebral disc degeneration, paraspinal muscle atrophy, and lumbar facet joints degeneration in patients with lumbar disc herniation","volume":"18","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2786-7","article-title":"Correlation between multifidus fatty atrophy and lumbar disc degeneration in low back pain","volume":"20","author":"Faur","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2017.05.016","article-title":"Multifidus muscle size in adolescents with and without back pain using ultrasonography","volume":"22","author":"Rahmani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/36\/11\/2285","article-title":"Real-time ultrasound measures of lumbar erector spinae and multifidus: reliability and comparison to magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"36","author":"Belav\u00fd","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.07.002","article-title":"Are the size and composition of the paraspinal muscles associated with low back pain? A systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Ranger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-5-2","article-title":"Are MRI-defined fat infiltrations in the multifidus muscles associated with low back pain?","volume":"5","author":"Kjaer","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(03)00365-4","article-title":"Interrater reliability of clinical examination measures for identification of lumbar segmental instability","volume":"84","author":"Hicks","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2019.8577","article-title":"Individuals with and without low back pain use different motor control strategies to achieve spinal stiffness during the prone instability test","volume":"49","author":"Sung","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib15","first-page":"E985","article-title":"Structural changes of lumbar muscles in non-specific low back pain: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Goubert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.10.229","article-title":"Severe lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration is associated with modic changes and fatty infiltration in the paraspinal muscles at all lumbar levels, except for L1-L2: a cross-sectional analysis of 50 symptomatic women and 50 age-matched symptomatic men","volume":"122","author":"\u00d6zcan-Ek\u015fi","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07649-x","article-title":"Association of MRI findings with paraspinal muscles fat infiltration at lower lumbar levels in patients with chronic low back pain: a multicenter prospective study","volume":"25","author":"Gu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.03.016","article-title":"The relationship between paraspinal muscle atrophy and degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis at the L4\/5 level","volume":"24","author":"K\u00f6hli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.04.007","article-title":"Unilateral changes of the multifidus in persons with lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Stevens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.4.SPINE231018","article-title":"Relationship between facet joint osteoarthritis and lumbar paraspinal muscle atrophy: a cross-sectional study","volume":"41","author":"Guven","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.07.074","article-title":"Fatty infiltration in paraspinal muscles: predicting the outcome of lumbar surgery and postoperative complications","volume":"190","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-09548-6","article-title":"Does paraspinal muscle morphometry predict functional status and re-operation after lumbar spinal surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14854","article-title":"Shear wave elastography of the lumbar multifidus muscle in patients with unilateral lumbar disk herniation","volume":"38","author":"Alis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.09.008","article-title":"Association of low back pain with muscle stiffness and muscle mass of the lumbar back muscles, and sagittal spinal alignment in young and middle-aged medical workers","volume":"49","author":"Masaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6539","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24550-5","article-title":"Functional and morphological changes in the deep lumbar multifidus using electromyography and ultrasound","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1053","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20140546","article-title":"MRI assessment of paraspinal muscles in patients with acute and chronic unilateral low back pain","volume":"88","author":"Wan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2014.04.009","article-title":"Multifidus muscle size and percentage thickness changes among patients with unilateral chronic low back pain (CLBP) and healthy controls in prone and standing","volume":"19","author":"Sweeney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-022-03444-3","article-title":"The relationship between the degeneration and asymmetry of the lumbar multifidus and erector spinae muscles in patients with lumbar disc herniation with and without root compression","volume":"17","author":"Yazici","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.08.020","article-title":"Is level- and side-specific multifidus asymmetry a marker for lumbar disc pathology?","volume":"12","author":"Batti\u00e9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.12.042","article-title":"Low interrater reliability of examiners performing the prone instability test: a clinical test for lumbar shear instability","volume":"92","author":"Ravenna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.07.020","article-title":"Inter- and intrarater reliability of clinical tests associated with functional lumbar segmental instability and motor control impairment in patients with low back pain: a systematic review","volume":"98","author":"Denteneer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b43a41","article-title":"The prognostic value of symptom responses in the conservative management of spinal pain: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Chorti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine"}],"container-title":["Interventional Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772594425000081?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772594425000081?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T00:01:23Z","timestamp":1762646483000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772594425000081"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2772594425000081"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-5944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-5944","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the lumbar multifidi muscles: Comparison of the magnetic resonance imaging and musculoskeletal ultrasound","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Interventional Pain Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inpm.2025.100547","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Pain & Spine Intervention Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100547"}}