{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:12:44Z","timestamp":1790010764479,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Interventional Pain Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:45:06Z","timestamp":1787705106000},"page":"100814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Five-year outcomes from a multi-center prospective randomized controlled trial of minimally invasive interspinous fixation versus open direct decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1898-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ganesan","family":"Baranidharan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1569-5872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Bretherton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1728-9408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard G.","family":"Feltbower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7454-337X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jake","family":"Timothy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7916-6219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Almas Latif","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mushtaq","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracey A.","family":"Crowther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Radford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8292-9096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harun","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6600-8941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muthusamy","family":"Chandramohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8340-696X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas P.","family":"Beall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8907-7730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy R.","family":"Deer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0301-3707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Hedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4526-2771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Connor","family":"Huxman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.5921","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of lumbar spinal stenosis: a review","volume":"327","author":"Katz","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib2","article-title":"Deep learning models for lumbar spinal stenosis on MRI: model comparison and clinical benchmarking","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-025-08672-9","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for segmentation and classification in lumbar spinal stenosis: an overview of current methods","volume":"34","author":"Verheijen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-197812000-00004","article-title":"Pathology and pathogenesis of lumbar spondylosis and stenosis","volume":"3","author":"Kirkaldy-Willis","year":"1978","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S170","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-003-0612-1","article-title":"Lumbar spinal stenosis in the elderly: an overview","volume":"12","author":"Szpalski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-025-09260-7","article-title":"Decompression only versus decompression plus fusion for spinal canal stenosis of adjacent segment during primary single-segment lumbar fusion surgery","author":"Scheurer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib7","article-title":"The long-term clinical course of non-surgically treated lumbar spinal stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Mc Auliffe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000251014.81875.6d","article-title":"Surgical or nonoperative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis?: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Malmivaara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1513721","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of fusion surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"374","author":"F\u00f6rsth","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01292","article-title":"Revision surgery following operations for lumbar stenosis","volume":"93","author":"Deyo","year":"2011","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E857","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001635","article-title":"Surgical versus nonsurgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"41","author":"Zaina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707136","article-title":"Surgical versus nonsurgical therapy for lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"358","author":"Weinstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib13","first-page":"161","article-title":"Complications associated with minimally invasive decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"19","author":"Podichetty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.21037\/jss-21-57","article-title":"The use of minimally invasive interspinous process devices for the treatment of lumbar canal stenosis: a narrative literature review","volume":"7","author":"Onggo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Spine Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2691-y","article-title":"Time spent per patient in lumbar spinal stenosis surgery","volume":"22","author":"Kaminski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib16","series-title":"Surgical options for lumbar spinal stenosis - machado, GC","author":"Machado","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2019.0105","article-title":"Decompression surgery versus interspinous devices for lumbar spinal stenosis: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Tram","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f6415","article-title":"Interspinous process device versus standard conventional surgical decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis: randomized controlled trial","volume":"347","author":"Moojen","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.04.163","article-title":"Superion interspinous spacer treatment of moderate spinal stenosis: 4-year results","volume":"104","author":"Nunley","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib20","series-title":"Failure rates and complications of interspinous process decompression devices: a European multicenter study","author":"Gazzeri","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06798-9","article-title":"Complications and radiographic changes after implantation of interspinous process devices: average eight-year follow-up","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S417319","article-title":"Instrumented posterior arthrodesis of the lumbar spine: prospective study evaluating fusion outcomes in patients receiving an interspinous fixation device for the treatment of degenerative spine diseases","volume":"16","author":"Skoblar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4431","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S522987","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of interspinous fixation device via lateral transverse approach in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a single center, retrospective, observational study","volume":"18","author":"Soto","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S453343","article-title":"24-Month outcomes of indirect decompression using a minimally invasive interspinous fixation device versus standard open direct decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis: a prospective comparison","volume":"17","author":"Baranidharan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S422736","article-title":"Posterior lateral arthrodesis as a treatment option for lumbar spinal stenosis: safety and early clinical outcomes","volume":"17","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib26","first-page":"271","article-title":"Clinical and radiographic outcomes after spinous process fixation and posterior fusion in an elderly cohort","volume":"25","author":"Vokshoor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Technol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2016.10.1.27","article-title":"Lumbar interspinous process fixation and fusion with stand-alone interlaminar lumbar instrumented fusion implant in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis undergoing decompression for spinal stenosis","volume":"10","author":"Postacchini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E881","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2024.7.E881","article-title":"Composite treatment response from a prospective, multi-center study (US-nPower) evaluating a miniature spinal cord stimulator for the management of chronic, intractable pain","volume":"27","author":"Desai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.11.011","article-title":"Holistic treatment response: an international expert panel definition and criteria for a new paradigm in the assessment of clinical outcomes of spinal cord stimulation","volume":"26","author":"Levy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuromodul Technol Neural Interface"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib30","article-title":"Validation of a holistic composite outcome measure for the evaluation of chronic pain interventions","volume":"9","author":"Taylor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-3801(02)00042-3","article-title":"Satisfaction with treatment for chronic pain in a specialty service: preliminary prospective results","volume":"6","author":"McCracken","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Pain Lond Engl"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2005.03.003","article-title":"Clinically important outcomes in low back pain","volume":"19","author":"Ostelo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2007.09.005","article-title":"Interpreting the clinical importance of treatment outcomes in chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations","volume":"9","author":"Dworkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05632-y","article-title":"Supervised physical therapy versus surgery for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a propensity score-matched analysis","volume":"23","author":"Minetama","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2014.09.014","article-title":"Cut-off points for mild, moderate, and severe pain on the visual analogue scale for pain in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain","volume":"155","author":"Boonstra","year":"2014","journal-title":"PAIN\u00ae"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.8.SPINE21419","article-title":"Interspinous process device versus conventional decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis: 5-year results of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Schenck","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.23803","article-title":"Incidence of revision surgery after decompression with vs without fusion among patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"5","author":"Ulrich","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5681-2","article-title":"Reoperation of decompression alone or decompression plus fusion surgeries for degenerative lumbar diseases: a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Lang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.106B7.BJJ-2023-1160.R2","article-title":"Decompression alone or decompression with fusion for lumbar spinal stenosis: five-year clinical results from a randomized clinical trial","volume":"106-B","author":"Karlsson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone Jt J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814_bib40","article-title":"Interspinous-interbody fusion via a strictly lateral surgical approach: a biomechanical stabilization comparison to constructs requiring both lateral and posterior approaches","volume":"15","author":"Hedman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Interventional Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772594426000798?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772594426000798?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:41:11Z","timestamp":1790008871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772594426000798"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2772594426000798"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-5944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-5944","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Five-year outcomes from a multi-center prospective randomized controlled trial of minimally invasive interspinous fixation versus open direct decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Interventional Pain Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inpm.2026.100814","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Pain & Spine Intervention Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100814"}}