{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:03:05Z","timestamp":1790802185733,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017053","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China-Xinjiang Joint Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72174175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72174175"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017053","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China-Xinjiang Joint Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72163033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72163033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014717","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024TSYCCX0080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024TSYCCX0080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014717","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","intpsychogeriatrics.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Psychogeriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T09:52:09Z","timestamp":1760694729000},"page":"100157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Global epidemiological survey, burden of disease assessment and spatio-temporal prediction of bipolar disorder from 1990 to 2021 based on spatial clustering analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Chengjing","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ainiwaer","family":"Aihemaiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hande","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengcheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1508-9066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2022-100885","article-title":"The mental health of China and Pakistan, mental health laws and COVID-19 mental health policies: a comparative review","volume":"35","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(24)00172-X","article-title":"Suicide and bipolar disorder: opportunities to change the agenda","volume":"11","author":"Gergel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000001807","article-title":"Current status and treatment of rapid cycling bipolar disorder","volume":"44","author":"Miola","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib4","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of bipolar disorders","volume":"381","author":"Goes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bmj Br Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2016.11.014","article-title":"History of bipolar disorder and the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Diniz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57060587","article-title":"Old age bipolar disorder\u2014epidemiology, aetiology and treatment","volume":"57","author":"Arnold","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17020178","article-title":"Antipsychotics and risks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and mortality in dwelling community older adults","volume":"17","author":"Perreault","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-0179-4-22","article-title":"Bipolar disorder in late life: clinical characteristics in a sample of older adults admitted for manic episode","volume":"4","author":"Benedetti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-021-00367-x","article-title":"Treatment of bipolar disorders in older adults: a review","volume":"20","author":"Ljubic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0634-7","article-title":"The genetics of bipolar disorder","volume":"25","author":"gordovez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00071","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in bipolar depression","volume":"11","author":"Benedetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2023.0002","article-title":"Cognitive, family, and quality-of-life characteristics of youth with depression associated with bipolar disorder","volume":"33","author":"Danielyan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13016","article-title":"Bipolar disorder: trimodal age-at-onset distribution","volume":"23","author":"Bolton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib14","first-page":"467","article-title":"Improving functioning, quality of life, and Well-being in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"22","author":"Del Mar Bonnin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.06.045","article-title":"Comparing suicide completion rates in bipolar I versus bipolar II disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"361","author":"Dev","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2025.27","article-title":"Sex differences in psychosocial functioning and neurocognition in bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"68","author":"Serra-Navarro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2023.12.009","article-title":"Psychiatric polygenic risk scores across youth with bipolar disorder, youth at high risk for bipolar disorder, and controls","volume":"63","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2023.10.008","article-title":"Sex differences among older adults with bipolar disorder: results from the global aging & geriatric experiments in bipolar disorder (GAGE-BD) project","volume":"32","author":"Blanken","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2023.127","article-title":"Mapping the global, regional and national burden of bipolar disorder from 1990 to 2019: trend analysis on the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"224","author":"Lai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02138-4","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and global burden of schizophrenia-data, with critical appraisal, from the global burden of disease (GBD) 2019","volume":"28","author":"Solmi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.027852","article-title":"Burden, trends, and inequalities of heart failure globally, 1990\u20132019: a secondary analysis based on the global burden of disease 2019 study","volume":"12","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000251","article-title":"The burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly growing in every region of the world from 1990 to 2019","volume":"7","author":"Paik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16295-2","article-title":"Global incidence, prevalence and disease burden of silicosis: 30 years' overview and forecasted trends","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bmc Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.07.003","article-title":"Temporal trends of breast cancer burden in the Western pacific region from 1990 to 2044: implications from the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"59","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-09940-3","article-title":"Changing trends in the disease burden of non-melanoma skin cancer globally from 1990 to 2019 and its predicted level in 25 years","volume":"22","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bmc Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041291","article-title":"The burden of rheumatoid arthritis: findings from the 2019 global burden of diseases study and forecasts for 2030 by Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis","volume":"12","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3102","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.9407","article-title":"Twenty years since joinpoint 1.0: two major enhancements, their justification, and impact","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28843","article-title":"Temporal trends in population-based death rates associated with chronic liver disease and liver cancer in the United States over the last 30 years","volume":"120","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"irimata K.E., Bastian B.A., Clarke T.C., et al. Guidance for selecting model options in the national cancer institute joinpoint regression software. 2022. https:\/dx.doi.org\/\u300810.15620\/cdc:118050\u3009.","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:118050"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib30","first-page":"65","volume":"13","author":"Shamsaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02365-x","article-title":"Seasonality of brain function: role in psychiatric disorders","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2022.07.203","article-title":"Genetic liability for adhd predicts increased risk for substance abuse and suicide in rapid cycling bipolar disorder","volume":"63","author":"Van Der Veen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib33","article-title":"Cannabis, alcohol and substance abuse and risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in a Swedish national register study","volume":"63","author":"robinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12423","article-title":"The prevalence and burden of bipolar disorder: findings from the global burden of disease study 2013","volume":"18","author":"Ferrari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.03.015","article-title":"Trends in the incidence and DALYs of bipolar disorder at global, regional, and national levels: results from the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"125","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-020-01216-6","article-title":"Elderly bipolar disorder","volume":"23","author":"Shobassy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1638646","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of mental disorders and substance use disorders in older adults from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis and future trend prediction study","volume":"16","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_sbref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-024-02212-5","article-title":"Global, regional, and national health inequalities of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease in 204 countries, 1990\u20132019","volume":"23","author":"Ji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_sbref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02365-x","article-title":"Seasonality of brain function: role in psychiatric disorders","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib39","unstructured":"liu Y., Jiang H. The impact of social isolation on subjective cognitive decline in older adults: a study based on network analysis and longitudinal mode. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2506. 13914, 2025. \u3008https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2506.13914\u3009."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13119","article-title":"Bipolar symptoms, somatic burden, and functioning in older-age bipolar disorder: analyses from the global aging & geriatric experiments in bipolar disorder database project","volume":"24","author":"Sajatovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib41","first-page":"132","article-title":"Social cognition across bipolar disorder and behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia: an exploratory study","volume":"45","author":"Barbosa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Braz J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibac070","article-title":"Older adults can use technology: why healthcare professionals must overcome ageism in digital health","volume":"12","author":"Mace","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/39890","article-title":"The factors influencing older adults\u2019 decisions surrounding adoption of technology: quantitative experimental study","volume":"5","author":"Moxley","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Aging"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib44","article-title":"Bipolar disorder and comorbid use of illicit substances","volume":"57","author":"Preuss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Lith"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2006.00370.x","article-title":"Bipolar disorder and comorbid alcoholism: prevalence rate and treatment considerations","volume":"8","author":"Frye","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib46","article-title":"Who is more prone to depression at higher latitudes?","volume":"7","author":"Van De Vliert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib47","article-title":"The every mind matters campaign in england: changes in mental health literacy over 30 months and associations between campaign awareness and outcomes","author":"Hahn","year":"2022","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988319857009","article-title":"Improving mental health service utilization among men: a systematic review and synthesis of behavior change techniques within interventions targeting help-seeking","volume":"13","author":"Sagar-Ouriaghli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Men\u2019S Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13102861","article-title":"The burden and psychological distress of family caregivers of individuals with autism spectrum disorder: a gender approach","volume":"13","author":"Herrero","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib50","first-page":"1117","article-title":"The relationship between turkish women\u2019s self-efficacy for managing work-family conflict and depression, anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a web-based cross-sectional study","volume":"73","author":"Kucukkaya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Work"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12020135","article-title":"Biological sex as a moderator of work determinants of health: implications for work and stress","volume":"12","author":"Hart","year":"2024","journal-title":"Healthcare"}],"container-title":["International Psychogeriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1041610225003953?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1041610225003953?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:10:52Z","timestamp":1790799052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1041610225003953"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1041610225003953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157","relation":{},"ISSN":["1041-6102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1041-6102","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Global epidemiological survey, burden of disease assessment and spatio-temporal prediction of bipolar disorder from 1990 to 2021 based on spatial clustering analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Psychogeriatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2025.100157","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Psychogeriatric Association.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100157"}}