{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T23:05:24Z","timestamp":1791068724512,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002283","name":"Alzheimer's Research Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006041","name":"Innovate UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006662","name":"National Institute on Handicapped Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012295","name":"NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012295","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010248","name":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010248","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","intpsychogeriatrics.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Psychogeriatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T19:34:36Z","timestamp":1779737676000},"page":"100221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Automating collateral histories in dementia: Development and proof\u2011of\u2011concept evaluation of the LUMEN conversational AI"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5775-2524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith R.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6417-4489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Song Ling","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5509-4270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Labhpreet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8379-7462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Poole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1679-8067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donncha","family":"Mullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasanna","family":"De Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5382-7250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Collis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liting","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Blackburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2484-3347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Meinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huizhi","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7958-6558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Paul","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12901","article-title":"The worldwide costs of dementia in 2019","volume":"19","author":"Wimo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement [Internet]"},{"issue":"9967","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61347-7","article-title":"The burden of disease in older people and implications for health policy and practice","volume":"385","author":"Prince","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/153331759901400101","article-title":"Delays in the diagnosis of dementia: perspectives of family caregivers","volume":"14","author":"Boise","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis [Internet]"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcv145","article-title":"The informant history: a neglected aspect of clinical education and practice","volume":"109","author":"Briggs","year":"2016","journal-title":"QJM [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib5","article-title":"Taking a collateral history: the missing piece of the puzzle","volume":"382","author":"Neubauer","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-018-0350-6","article-title":"Clinical prevalence of Lewy body dementia","volume":"10","author":"Kane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimer Res Ther [Internet]"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2024.75","article-title":"Shifting paradigms in dementia care: navigating new therapies and prevention strategies","volume":"224","author":"Koychev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Large language models: a paradigm shift for dementia diagnosis and care","author":"Harrison","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib9","series-title":"MemoryChat: leveraging large language models as conversational agents to transform the cognitive assessment in dementia Care","author":"Robertson","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib10","first-page":"118","article-title":"Facilitating co-design among older adults in a digital setting: methodological challenges and opportunities","volume":"21","author":"Back\u00e5berg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Code [Internet]"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2015-004839","article-title":"From tokenism to empowerment: progressing patient and public involvement in healthcare improvement","volume":"25","author":"Ocloo","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf [Internet]"},{"issue":"194","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib12","first-page":"4","article-title":"SUS-A quick and dirty usability scale","volume":"189","author":"Brooke","year":"1996","journal-title":"Usability Eval Ind"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j3453","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j3453","article-title":"GRIPP2 reporting checklists: tools to improve reporting of patient and public involvement in research","author":"Staniszewska","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ [Internet]"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.004","article-title":"Introduction to the recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Jack","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004058","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: fourth consensus report of the DLB Consortium","volume":"89","author":"McKeith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology [Internet]"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000083050.44441.10","article-title":"Operational definitions for the NINDS-AIREN criteria for vascular dementia: an interobserver study","volume":"34","author":"Van Straaten","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke [Internet]"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr179","article-title":"Sensitivity of revised diagnostic criteria for the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia","volume":"134","author":"Rascovsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib18","article-title":"Mistral 7B [internet]","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib19","article-title":"Llama 2: open foundation and fine-tuned chat models","volume":"230709288","author":"Touvron","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv Prepr arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib20","article-title":"Zephyr: direct distillation of LM alignment [internet]","author":"Tunstall","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib21","article-title":"Phi-4 technical report [internet]","author":"Abdin","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib22","article-title":"Qwen3 technical report [internet]","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib23","article-title":"Qwen2.5 technical report [internet]","author":"Qwen","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib24","article-title":"gpt-oss-120b & gpt-oss-20b model card [internet]","author":"OpenAI","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib25","article-title":"Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models [internet]","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1162\/coli_a_00322","article-title":"A structured review of the validity of BLEU","volume":"44","author":"Reiter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput Linguist [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib27","article-title":"GPT-4 technical report [internet]","author":"OpenAI","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib28","first-page":"2825","article-title":"Scikit-learn: machine learning in Python","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-322517","article-title":"Fully automated cognitive screening tool based on assessment of speech and language","volume":"92","author":"O\u2019Malley","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700005742","article-title":"The informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly (IQCODE): socio-demographic correlates, reliability, validity and some norms","volume":"19","author":"Jorm","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychol Med [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waite L., Grayson D., Jorm A.F., Creasey H., Cullen J., Bennett H., et al. Informant-based staging of dementia using the clinical dementia rating: Alzheimer disease & associated disorders [Internet]. Vol. 13(no. 1); 1999. p. 34\u20137. Available from: \u3008http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00002093-199903000-00005\u3009.","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-199903000-00005"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib32","article-title":"Evaluation of the electronic clinical dementia rating for dementia screening","volume":"6","author":"Nosheny","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib33","article-title":"Large language model\u2013based virtual patient systems for history-taking in medical education: comprehensive systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"JMIR Med Inf [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib34","article-title":"Development and VAlidation of A Large Language Model\u2013based System for Medical History-taking Training: Prospective Multicase Study on Evaluation Stability, Human-AI consistency, and transparency","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"JMIR Med Educ [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-025-07157-8","article-title":"The feasibility of using generative artificial intelligence for history taking in virtual patients","volume":"18","author":"Yi","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes [Internet]"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03423-7","article-title":"Toward expert-level medical question answering with large language models","volume":"31","author":"Singhal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib37","article-title":"Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: potential for AI-assisted medical education using large language models","volume":"2","author":"Kung","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib38","article-title":"The development and use of AI chatbots for health behavior change: scoping review","volume":"28","author":"Fu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib39","article-title":"Digital exclusion and functional dependence in older people: findings from five longitudinal cohort studies","volume":"54","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3675360","article-title":"Connected but still excluded? Digital exclusion beyond internet access","author":"Ranchordas","year":"2020","journal-title":"SSRN J [Internet]"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2024.2368087","article-title":"Identifying and understanding digital exclusion: a mixed-methods study","volume":"44","author":"Wilson-Menzfeld","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behav Inf Technol [Internet]"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7974","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14227974","article-title":"Acceptance factors and barriers to the implementation of digital interventions in older people with dementia and\/or their caregivers: an umbrella review","volume":"14","author":"Madeira","year":"2025","journal-title":"JCM [Internet]"}],"container-title":["International Psychogeriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1041610226000396?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1041610226000396?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T22:18:44Z","timestamp":1783117124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1041610226000396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S1041610226000396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221","relation":{},"ISSN":["1041-6102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1041-6102","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Automating collateral histories in dementia: Development and proof\u2011of\u2011concept evaluation of the LUMEN conversational AI","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Psychogeriatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inpsyc.2026.100221","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Psychogeriatric Association.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100221"}}