{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T21:56:41Z","timestamp":1779141401738,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Support Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["2009\/50426-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009\/50426-9"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Support Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["2010\/13166-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010\/13166-6"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,24]],"date-time":"2013-12-24T22:00:45Z","timestamp":1387922445000},"page":"373-378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Effects of P-MAPA immunomodulator on Toll-like receptor 2, ROS, nitric oxide, MAPKp38 and IKK in PBMC and macrophages from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"L.M.","family":"Melo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Perosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.F.M.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.L.O.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.A.","family":"Somenzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.M.F.","family":"de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0005","series-title":"Control of the leishmaniasis: report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the control of leishmaniases","first-page":"22","article-title":"Technical report series","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(04)57001-X","article-title":"Canine leishmaniasis","volume":"57","author":"Alvar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00115-2","article-title":"Chemotherapy of canine leishmaniasis","volume":"106","author":"Baneth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.05.022","article-title":"Directions for the diagnosis, clinical staging, treatment and prevention of canine leishmaniasis","volume":"165","author":"Solano-Gallego","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.02.004","article-title":"Associations among immunological, parasitological and clinical parameters in canine visceral leishmaniasis: emaciation, spleen parasitism, specific antibodies and leishmanin skin test reaction","volume":"123","author":"Dos-Santos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(96)05768-6","article-title":"Lymphocyte subset abnormalities in canine leishmaniasis","volume":"56","author":"Bourdoiseau","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.08.024","article-title":"Apoptosis in T lymphocytes from spleen tissue and peripheral blood of L. (L.) chagasi naturally infected dogs","volume":"184","author":"Lima","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00046-08","article-title":"Pathogen recognition and inflammatory signaling in innate immune defenses","volume":"22","author":"Mogensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1086\/653210","article-title":"Arabinosylated lipoarabinomannan-mediated protection in visceral leishmaniasis through up-regulation of Toll-like receptor 2 signaling: an immunoprophylactic approach","volume":"202","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0050","first-page":"269-267","volume":"9","author":"Waldmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunotherapy: past, present and, future"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.09.014","article-title":"Use of domperidone in the treatment of canine visceral leishmaniasis: a clinical trial","volume":"179","author":"Gomez-Ochoa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-7-14","article-title":"Effects of p-mapa immunomodulator on Toll-like receptors and p53: potential therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases and cancer","volume":"7","author":"F\u00e1varo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Agent Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00851-1","article-title":"Myelopoietic response in tumour-bearing mice by an aggregated polymer isolated from Aspergillus oryzae","volume":"388","author":"Justo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1191\/096032701669333804","article-title":"Stimulation of myelopoiesis in Listeria monocytogenes-infected mice by an aggregated polymer isolated from Aspergillus oryzae","volume":"20","author":"Melo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.04.006","article-title":"A biotechnological product and its potential as a new immunomodulator for treatment of animal phlebovirus infection: Punta Toro virus","volume":"83","author":"Dur\u00e1n","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1081\/IPH-120024499","article-title":"Natural killer cell activity, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine profile in tumor-bearing mice treated with mapa, a magnesium aggregated polymer from Aspergillus oryzae","volume":"25","author":"Justo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.04.005","article-title":"Improvement in clinical signs and cellular immunity of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis using the immunomodulator p-mapa","volume":"127","author":"Santiago","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2003000400010","article-title":"Anti-Leishmania antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"36","author":"Lima","year":"2003","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0095","unstructured":"Nunes, I. Building a new model for pharmaceuticals\u2014P-MAPA, a novel immunomodulator against virus, bacterial, and protozoan infections. In: Abstracts of the International Conference on Drug Design and Discovery in Developing Countries; Trieste, Italy, July 3\u20135, 2008; Abstract I-8. International Centre for Science and High Technology (ICS), United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). Accessed at www.ics.trieste.it\/portal\/ActivityDocument.aspx?id=5711."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0100","series-title":"USA\/PAT 10\/978683","article-title":"Protein aggregate magnesium ammonium phospholinoleate palmitoleate anhydride immunomodulator, its production process and formulation","author":"Nunes","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9571(01)00013-3","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in Leishmania-infected dog macrophages","volume":"24","author":"Sisto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2007.11.012","article-title":"Antibodies specific for human or murine Toll-like receptors detect canine leukocytes by flow cytometry","volume":"124","author":"Burgener","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(82)90118-X","article-title":"Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15n] nitrate in biological fluids","volume":"126","author":"Green","year":"1982","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(03)00159-4","article-title":"Full-length cdna cloning of Toll-like receptor 4 in dogs and cats","volume":"96","author":"Asahina","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2004.08.023","article-title":"Expression and function of Toll-like receptor 2 in canine blood phagocytes","volume":"104","author":"Bazzocchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2011.80","article-title":"TGF-beta(1) re-programs TLR4 signaling in l. Donovani infection: enhancement of shp-1 and ubiquitin-editing enzyme a20","volume":"90","author":"Das","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1003484","article-title":"Infection of C57BL\/10ScCr and C57BL\/10ScNCr mice with Leishmania major reveals a role for Toll-like receptor 4 in the control of parasite replication","volume":"76","author":"Kropf","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00312-5","article-title":"Infection of a canine macrophage cell line with Leishmania infantum: determination of nitric oxide production and anti-leishmanial activity","volume":"92","author":"Pinelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7804","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.17.7804","article-title":"The killing of Leishmania major by human macrophages is mediated by nitric oxide induced after ligation of the fc epsilon CD23 surface antigen","volume":"92","author":"Vouldoukis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.08.023","article-title":"Evaluation of transformation growth factor beta1, interleukin-10, and interferon-gamma in male symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs naturally infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi","volume":"143","author":"Correa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.11.020","article-title":"Expression of IFN-gama, TNF-alpha, IL-10 and TGF-beta in lymph nodes associates with parasite load and clinical form of disease in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi","volume":"128","author":"Alves","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762011000500010","article-title":"Analysis of the expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and cytokine production during experimental Leishmania chagasi infection","volume":"106","author":"Cezario","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0706440","article-title":"Leishmania major induces distinct neutrophil phenotypes in mice that are resistant or susceptible to infection","volume":"82","author":"Charmoy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1038\/ni712","article-title":"Toll-like receptors control activation of adaptive immune responses","volume":"2","author":"Schnare","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.2.893","article-title":"Oxidative responses of human and murine macrophages during phagocytosis of Leishmania chagasi","volume":"167","author":"Gantt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1179\/1364859411Y.0000000027","article-title":"Evaluation of TNF-alfa, IL-4, and IL-10 and parasite density in spleen and liver of L. (L.) chagasi naturally infected dogs","volume":"105","author":"Michelin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)01089-4","article-title":"Complementary antioxidant defense by cytoplasmic and mitochondrial peroxiredoxins in Leishmania infantum","volume":"33","author":"Castro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.08.029","article-title":"Leishmania major ascorbate peroxidase overexpression protects cells against reactive oxygen species-mediated cardiolipin oxidation","volume":"45","author":"Dolai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0195","first-page":"151","article-title":"Evaluation of killing, superoxide anion and nitric oxide production by Leishmania infantum-infected dog monocytes","volume":"95","author":"Panaro","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cytobios"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0200","series-title":"P-MAPA monografia do produto","article-title":"Estudos de toxicidade e seguran\u00e7a de uso-toxicidade in vitro e em animais","author":"Farmabrasilis","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.5.1788-1797.2006","article-title":"Sodium antimony gluconate induces generation of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide via phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in Leishmania donovani-infected macrophages","volume":"50","author":"Mookerjee Basu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.05.017","article-title":"Improved treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) by using combination of ketoconazole, miltefosine with an immunomodulator\u2014picroliv","volume":"119","author":"Shakya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2012.02.002","article-title":"Miltefosine triggers a strong proinflammatory cytokine response during visceral leishmaniasis: role of TLR4 and TLR9","volume":"12","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2005.02160.x","article-title":"Lipoteichoic acid induces nuclear factor-\u03bab activation and nitric oxide synthase expression via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, akt, and p38 mapk in raw 264.7 macrophages","volume":"115","author":"Kao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.2.293-305.2005","article-title":"Subversion mechanisms by which Leishmania parasites can escape the host immune response: a signaling point of view","volume":"18","author":"Olivier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0909644","article-title":"Mapk-directed phosphatases preferentially regulate pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in experimental visceral leishmaniasis: involvement of distinct protein kinase C isoforms","volume":"88","author":"Kar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576913004992?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576913004992?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,7]],"date-time":"2018-10-07T21:26:09Z","timestamp":1538947569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576913004992"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1567576913004992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of P-MAPA immunomodulator on Toll-like receptor 2, ROS, nitric oxide, MAPKp38 and IKK in PBMC and macrophages from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}