{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:32:02Z","timestamp":1790645522766,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,25]],"date-time":"2019-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T23:25:02Z","timestamp":1567121102000},"page":"105865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Crocin inhibits titanium particle-induced inflammation and promotes osteogenesis by regulating macrophage polarization"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Kechao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juehong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianlong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B8.35170","article-title":"The epidemiology of revision total knee and hip arthroplasty in England and Wales: a comparative analysis with projections for the United States. A study using the National Joint Registry dataset","volume":"97-B","author":"Patel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.16.00002","article-title":"Outpatient total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"4","author":"Pollock","year":"2016","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.3390\/ma7020980","article-title":"Wear debris characterization and corresponding biological response: artificial hip and knee joints","volume":"7","author":"Nine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater. (Basel, Switzerland)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.01.012","article-title":"Revision surgery after total joint arthroplasty: a complication-based analysis using worldwide arthroplasty registers","volume":"28","author":"Sadoghi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010092","article-title":"The phagocytic function of macrophage-enforcing innate immunity and tissue homeostasis","volume":"19","author":"Hirayama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0030","series-title":"Physiology and Pathology of Immunology","article-title":"Physiology and pathology of innate immune response against pathogens","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Carrillo","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12608","article-title":"Emerging role of microRNAs in regulating macrophage activation and polarization in immune response and inflammation","volume":"148","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-022516-034339","article-title":"Macrophage polarization","volume":"79","author":"Murray","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2017.10.004","article-title":"Macrophage polarization and meta-inflammation","volume":"191","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.03.503","article-title":"Pro-angiogenic macrophage phenotype to promote myocardial repair","volume":"73","author":"Ferraro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4494","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b07808","article-title":"Tuning chemistry and topography of nanoengineered surfaces to manipulate immune response for bone regeneration applications","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1039\/C6NR06421C","article-title":"Nanoporous microstructures mediate osteogenesis by modulating the osteo-immune response of macrophages","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201800749","article-title":"Zinc-modified sulfonated polyetheretherketone surface with immunomodulatory function for guiding cell fate and bone regeneration","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01196","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of calcium and strontium co-doped titanium oxides on osteogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.01.014","article-title":"Crocin protects against doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in rats through down-regulation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways","volume":"247","author":"Elsherbiny","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.11.016","article-title":"Bioactivity assessment and toxicity of crocin: a comprehensive review","volume":"64","author":"Alavizadeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0085","first-page":"101","article-title":"Protective effects of crocin against streptozotocin-induced oxidative damage in rat striatum","volume":"52","author":"Naghizadeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Med. Iran."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0090","first-page":"7947","article-title":"Crocin inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by regulating JNK and NF-\u03baB signaling pathways","volume":"17","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2016.11.009","article-title":"Crocin inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption by suppressing NF-\u03baB signaling pathway activation","volume":"222","author":"Fu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2017.11.037","article-title":"Crocin alleviates coronary atherosclerosis via inhibiting lipid synthesis and inducing M2 macrophage polarization","volume":"55","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.04.048","article-title":"Icariin protects against titanium particle-induced osteolysis and inflammatory response in a mouse calvarial model","volume":"60","author":"Shao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0110","first-page":"26","article-title":"An improved protocol for isolation and culture of mesenchymal stem cells from mouse bone marrow","volume":"3","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711410406","article-title":"Increased inflammatory reactivity in newly formed lining tissue","volume":"141","author":"Sedgwick","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18030499","article-title":"Gene expression in osteolysis: review on the identification of altered molecular pathways in preclinical and clinical studies","volume":"18","author":"Veronesi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.11.020","article-title":"TiAl6V4 particles promote osteoclast formation via autophagy-mediated downregulation of interferon-beta in osteocytes","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2016.09.031","article-title":"Scutellarin inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and titanium particle-induced osteolysis via suppression of NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling pathway","volume":"40","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.10.038","article-title":"Macrophage integrins modulate response to ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene particles and direct particle-induced osteolysis","volume":"115","author":"Zaveri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-017-0648-8","article-title":"Crocin attenuates joint pain and muscle dysfunction in osteoarthritis rat","volume":"40","author":"Lei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2016.1263145","article-title":"Crocin reduces the inflammation response in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"81","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-017-0899-8","article-title":"Crocin inhibits oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory response of microglial cells associated with diabetic retinopathy through the activation of PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"61","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i2.172","article-title":"Biological response to prosthetic debris","volume":"6","author":"Bitar","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1615\/JLongTermEffMedImplants.v16.i6.20","article-title":"Effects of prosthetic materials on the host immune response: evaluation of polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS) particles","volume":"16","author":"Frick","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Long-Term Eff. Med. Implants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-015-0874-1","article-title":"Macrophage polarization: the link between inflammation and related diseases","volume":"65","author":"Bashir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2015.07.002","article-title":"Macrophage development and polarization in chronic inflammation","volume":"27","author":"Motwani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.8879","article-title":"Macrophage polarization in inflammatory diseases","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0180","first-page":"2","article-title":"Icariin attenuates titanium-particle inhibition of bone formation by activating the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35978","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells in the aseptic loosening of total joint replacements","volume":"105","author":"Pajarinen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22002","article-title":"Biological responses of human mesenchymal stem cells to titanium wear debris particles","volume":"30","author":"Haleem-Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5285","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1303060","article-title":"Recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 does not stimulate an acute inflammatory response and inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophil recruitment in the air pouch model of inflammation","volume":"192","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/08923973.2017.1327964","article-title":"Mitigation of inflammation using the intravenous anesthetic dexmedetomidine in the mouse air pouch model","volume":"39","author":"Inada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2017.05.010","article-title":"Involvement of JNK signaling in IL4-induced M2 macrophage polarization","volume":"357","author":"Hao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2013.11.004","article-title":"Macrophage polarization and function with emphasis on the evolving roles of coordinated regulation of cellular signaling pathways","volume":"26","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20402","article-title":"Acute exercise induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization in diet-induced obese rats","volume":"21","author":"Oliveira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1159\/000430126","article-title":"Curcumin modulates macrophage polarization through the inhibition of the Toll-like receptor 4 expression and its signaling pathways","volume":"36","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2763","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.102","article-title":"Ubiquitylation of MFHAS1 by the ubiquitin ligase praja2 promotes M1 macrophage polarization by activating JNK and p38 pathways","volume":"8","author":"Zhong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.22822","article-title":"PKC\u03b1 in colon cancer cells promotes M1 macrophage polarization via MKK3\/6-P38 MAPK pathway","volume":"57","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576919315206?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576919315206?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:42:38Z","timestamp":1786376558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576919315206"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S1567576919315206"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Crocin inhibits titanium particle-induced inflammation and promotes osteogenesis by regulating macrophage polarization","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105865","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105865"}}