{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:47:29Z","timestamp":1789429649920,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81471858"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81471858"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016359","name":"Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTXM2020012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTXM2020012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]],"date-time":"2021-01-09T20:18:23Z","timestamp":1610223503000},"page":"107332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Valproic acid mitigates spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain in rats by modulating microglial function and inhibiting neuroinflammatory response"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Ao","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingfan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjuan","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.06.017","article-title":"A new definition of neuropathic pain","volume":"152","author":"Jensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.051508.135531","article-title":"Neuropathic pain: a maladaptive response of the nervous system to damage","volume":"32","author":"Costigan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21093","article-title":"The role of TLR2 in nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain is essentially mediated through macrophages in peripheral inflammatory response","volume":"59","author":"Shi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18102051","article-title":"Neuron-glia crosstalk and neuropathic pain: involvement in the modulation of motor activity in the orofacial region","volume":"18","author":"Hossain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet128","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and the generation of neuropathic pain","volume":"111","author":"Ellis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1133-5","article-title":"Inhibition of peripheral macrophages by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists suppresses spinal microglial activation and neuropathic pain in mice with peripheral nerve injury","volume":"15","author":"Kiguchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021524","article-title":"Neuropathic pain: mechanism-based therapeutics","volume":"60","author":"Bannister","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70251-0","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Finnerup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000563","article-title":"Pain phenotype as a predictor for drug response in painful polyneuropathy\u2014a retrospective analysis of data from controlled clinical trials","volume":"157","author":"Holbech","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet128","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and the generation of neuropathic pain","volume":"111","author":"Ellis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23570","article-title":"Transcription factor MafB contributes to the activation of spinal microglia underlying neuropathic pain development","volume":"67","author":"Tozaki-Saitoh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-019-00613-5","article-title":"Microglial polarization: novel therapeutic mechanism against Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"28","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.04.024","article-title":"Maraviroc reduces neuropathic pain through polarization of microglia and astroglia \u2013 evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies","volume":"108","author":"Piotrowska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.02.051","article-title":"Infant nerve injury induces delayed microglial polarization to the M1 phenotype, and exercise reduces delayed neuropathic pain by modulating microglial activity","volume":"349","author":"Gong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706310","article-title":"Efficacy of antiepileptic isomers of valproic acid and valpromide in a rat model of neuropathic pain","volume":"146","author":"Winkler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2217\/rme.14.86","article-title":"Valproic acid-mediated neuroprotection and neurogenesis after spinal cord injury: from mechanism to clinical potential","volume":"10","author":"Chu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regen. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034519885088","article-title":"HDAC3 regulates gingival fibroblast inflammatory responses in periodontitis","volume":"99","author":"Lagosz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1193-6","article-title":"Valproic acid attenuates traumatic spinal cord injury-induced inflammation via STAT1 and NF-\u03baB pathway dependent of HDAC3","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2016.03.008","article-title":"Study of pathway cross-talk interactions with NF-\u03baB leading to its activation via ubiquitination or phosphorylation: a brief review","volume":"584","author":"Ghosh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2016.006","article-title":"Procaine attenuates pain behaviors of neuropathic pain model rats possibly via inhibiting JAK2\/STAT3","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90041-9","article-title":"An experimental model for peripheral neuropathy produced by segmental spinal nerve ligation in the rat","volume":"50","author":"Kim","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(94)90144-9","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of tactile allodynia in the rat paw","volume":"53","author":"Chaplan","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2853","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1501441112","article-title":"HDAC inhibition prevents white matter injury by modulating microglia\/macrophage polarization through the GSK3\u03b2\/PTEN\/Akt axis","volume":"112","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2015.01.018","article-title":"Neuropathic pain: principles of diagnosis and treatment","volume":"90","author":"Gilron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104751","article-title":"Stimulation of toll-like receptor 4 downregulates the expression of \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors via histone deacetylase in rodent microglia","volume":"138","author":"Nakamura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0130","article-title":"Bexarotent attenuated CCI-induced spinal neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain by targeting MKP-1","author":"Gui","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2003.12.024","article-title":"Development and validation of the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory","volume":"108","author":"Bouhassira","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1992","article-title":"The neuropathic pain triad: neurons, immune cells and glia","volume":"10","author":"Scholz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2017.02.175","article-title":"Increased expression of M1 and M2 phenotypic markers in isolated microglia after four-day binge alcohol exposure in male rats","volume":"62","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-020-00405-3","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A promotes microglial M2 polarization and suppresses chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain through the P2X7 receptor","volume":"10","author":"Gui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02406.x","article-title":"Valproic acid reduces brain damage induced by transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats: potential roles of histone deacetylase inhibition and heat shock protein induction","volume":"89","author":"Ren","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.12.001","article-title":"Histone acetylation and histone deacetylation in neuropathic pain: an unresolved puzzle?","volume":"795","author":"Khangura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-020-00783-3","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of selective inhibition of histone deacetylase 3 in experimental stroke","volume":"11","author":"Matheson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3432","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-109355","article-title":"The IKK-NF-\u03baB pathway: a source for novel molecular drug targets in pain therapy?","volume":"22","author":"Niederberger","year":"2008","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.364306","article-title":"Acetylation of Stat1 modulates NF-kappaB activity","volume":"20","author":"Kr\u00e4mer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106392","article-title":"Sodium valproate attenuates the iE-DAP induced inflammatory response by inhibiting the NOD1-NF-\u03baB pathway and histone modifications in bovine mammary epithelial cells","volume":"83","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05566.x","article-title":"JAK\/STAT3 pathway is activated in spinal cord microglia after peripheral nerve injury and contributes to neuropathic pain development in rat","volume":"107","author":"Dominguez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr025","article-title":"JAK-STAT3 pathway regulates spinal astrocyte proliferation and neuropathic pain maintenance in rats","volume":"134","author":"Tsuda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576920337991?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576920337991?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T17:23:28Z","timestamp":1761585808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576920337991"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S1567576920337991"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Valproic acid mitigates spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain in rats by modulating microglial function and inhibiting neuroinflammatory response","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107332","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107332"}}