{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T02:55:07Z","timestamp":1793242507776,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T02:33:28Z","timestamp":1617330808000},"page":"107630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Immunopharmacological perspective on zinc in SARS-CoV-2 infection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Sima Heydarzadeh","family":"Asl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sepideh","family":"Nikfarjam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naime","family":"Majidi Zolbanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Nassiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2036-9043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Jafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25707","article-title":"Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review","volume":"92","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0010","article-title":"Potential role of zinc supplementation in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19","volume":"109848","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25685","article-title":"Coronavirus infections and immune responses","volume":"92","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"3_suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0020","first-page":"132S","article-title":"Lessons from the past: perspectives on severe acute respiratory syndrome. Asia Pacific","volume":"22","author":"Koh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)33221-0","article-title":"Middle East respiratory syndrome","author":"Memish","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obmed.2020.100254","article-title":"Dietary habits in adults during quarantine in the context of COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Abbas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.04.021","article-title":"Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0040","article-title":"Nutritional recommendations for CoVID-19 quarantine","volume":"1\u20132","author":"Muscogiuri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0045","article-title":"Does zinc supplementation enhance the clinical efficacy of chloroquine\/hydroxychloroquine to win todays battle against COVID-19?","volume":"109815","author":"Derwand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051466","article-title":"COVID-19: The inflammation link and the role of nutrition in potential mitigation","volume":"12","author":"Zabetakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0055","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: An evolving review of diagnostics and therapeutics","author":"Rando","year":"2020","journal-title":"Manubot"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105968","article-title":"COVID-19 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region and Saudi Arabia: prevention and therapeutic strategies","volume":"55","author":"Al-Tawfiq","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0065","first-page":"3","article-title":"History is repeating itself: Probable zoonotic spillover as the cause of the 2019 novel Coronavirus Epidemic","volume":"28","author":"Rodriguez-Morales","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infez Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061562","article-title":"Strengthening the immune system and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress through diet and nutrition: considerations during the COVID-19 crisis","volume":"12","author":"Iddir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01712","article-title":"The potential impact of zinc supplementation on COVID-19 pathogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Wessels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.04.028","article-title":"Investigate oral zinc as a prophylactic treatment for those at risk for COVID-19","author":"McPherson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0085","article-title":"Rapid review protocol: zinc for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 and other coronavirus-related respiratory tract infections","volume":"100457","author":"Hunter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Integr. Med. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/JCMA.0000000000000270","article-title":"The outbreak of COVID-19: An overview","volume":"83","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chin. Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0095","article-title":"An epidemiological study on COVID-19: a rapidly spreading disease","volume":"12","author":"Khachfe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0100","article-title":"A review of therapeutic agents and Chinese herbal medicines against SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19)","volume":"104929","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041181","article-title":"Optimal nutritional status for a well-functioning immune system is an important factor to protect against viral infections","volume":"12","author":"Calder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00035.2014","article-title":"The physiological, biochemical, and molecular roles of zinc transporters in zinc homeostasis and metabolism","volume":"95","author":"Kambe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e328321b395","article-title":"Zinc deficiency","volume":"25","author":"Tuerk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9121286","article-title":"Zinc as a gatekeeper of immune function","volume":"9","author":"Wessels","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6762343","article-title":"Roles of zinc signaling in the immune system","volume":"2016","author":"Hojyo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2012.04.004","article-title":"Discovery of human zinc deficiency: 50 years later","volume":"26","author":"Prasad","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med Biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18102222","article-title":"Zinc signals and immunity","volume":"18","author":"Maywald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533615570376","article-title":"Zinc: physiology, deficiency, and parenteral nutrition","volume":"30","author":"Livingstone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrition Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmz013","article-title":"The role of zinc in antiviral immunity","volume":"10","author":"Read","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Nutrition"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20335","article-title":"Single and three-color flow cytometry assay for intracellular zinc ion availability in human lymphocytes with Zinpyr-1 and double immunofluorescence: Relationship with metallothioneins","volume":"69","author":"Malavolta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cytometry Part A: J. Int. Soc. Anal. Cytol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9207279","article-title":"Lessons learned from experimental human model of zinc deficiency","volume":"2020","author":"Prasad","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0160","article-title":"Zinc and COVID-19: basis of current clinical trials","volume":"1\u201311","author":"Pal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.5.1421S","article-title":"Zinc status in human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"130","author":"Baum","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/66.2.460S","article-title":"Nutrition and the immune system: an introduction","volume":"66","author":"Chandra","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutrit."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9121286","article-title":"Zinc as a gatekeeper of immune function","volume":"9","author":"Wessels","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Fukada, S. Hojyo, B.-H. Bin, Zinc signal in growth control and bone diseases. Zinc Signals in Cellular Functions and Disorders: Springer, 2014. p. 249-67.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-55114-0_12"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665100000781","article-title":"Zinc and the immune system","volume":"59","author":"Rink","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4933-6-9","article-title":"The immune system and the impact of zinc during aging","volume":"6","author":"Haase","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity & Ageing."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.9734\/jpri\/2020\/v32i1330577","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of zinc as a supportive strategies for COVID-19","author":"Tayyib","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharmaceut. Res. Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601479","article-title":"Zinc and immune function","volume":"56","author":"Dardenne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2006.11.005","article-title":"Zinc homeostasis and immunity","volume":"28","author":"Rink","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2009.10719780","article-title":"Impact of the discovery of human zinc deficiency on health","volume":"28","author":"Prasad","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9060624","article-title":"Zinc in infection and inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Gammoh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1177\/2156587216641831","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of influenza, influenza-like illness, and common cold by herbal, complementary, and natural therapies","volume":"22","author":"Mousa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Evidence-Based Complement. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0225","series-title":"The World Health Report 2002: Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life","author":"Organization","year":"2002"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001176","article-title":"Zn2+ inhibits coronavirus and arterivirus RNA polymerase activity in vitro and zinc ionophores block the replication of these viruses in cell culture","volume":"6","author":"Te Velthuis","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05985-9","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2015.37","article-title":"Coronaviruses\u2014drug discovery and therapeutic options","volume":"15","author":"Zumla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071652","article-title":"COVID-19, renin-angiotensin system and endothelial dysfunction","volume":"9","author":"Amraei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.5.1344S","article-title":"Human zinc deficiency","volume":"130","author":"Hambidge","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nutrition"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7041342","article-title":"The essential toxin: impact of zinc on human health","volume":"7","author":"Plum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.5.1452S","article-title":"Zinc-altered immune function","volume":"133","author":"Ibs","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3945\/an.112.003038","article-title":"Zinc biochemistry: from a single zinc enzyme to a key element of life","volume":"4","author":"Maret","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0270","first-page":"144","article-title":"Zinc and its importance for human health: An integrative review","volume":"18","author":"Roohani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Res. Med. Sci.: Off. J. Isfahan Univ. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-011-0775-1","article-title":"Zinc and human health: an update","volume":"86","author":"Chasapis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2119\/2008-00033.Prasad","article-title":"Zinc in human health: effect of zinc on immune cells","volume":"14","author":"Prasad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(85)80007-4","article-title":"3 Clinical, endocrinological and biochemical effects of zinc deficiency","volume":"14","author":"Prasad","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol. Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0290","article-title":"Can Zn Be a critical element in COVID-19 treatment?","volume":"1\u20139","author":"Rahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.S. Auld, Zinc coordination sphere in biochemical zinc sites, Zinc Biochemistry, Physiology, and Homeostasis: Springer, 2001, p. 85\u2013127.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-3728-9_6"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1993.73.1.79","article-title":"The biochemical basis of zinc physiology","volume":"73","author":"Vallee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.2.447S","article-title":"Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection","volume":"68","author":"Shankar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutrit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21850","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21850","article-title":"Infants and elderlies are susceptible to zinc deficiency","volume":"6","author":"Yasuda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01736","article-title":"A hypothesis for the possible role of zinc in the immunological pathways related to COVID-19 infection","volume":"11","author":"Mayor-Ibarguren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15199","article-title":"Targeting zinc metalloenzymes in coronavirus disease 2019","author":"Doboszewska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.11.008","article-title":"Zinc and its role in immunity and inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Bonaventura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0330","article-title":"Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on COVID-19: A review","author":"Jayawardena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome: Clin. Res. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0335","article-title":"Zinc as nutritional intervention and prevention measure for COVID\u201319 disease","volume":"3","author":"Mossink","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Nutrit., Prevention Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0340","article-title":"Zinc Iodide in combination with Dimethyl Sulfoxide for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections","volume":"109866","author":"Hoang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0345","first-page":"17","article-title":"Zinc and respiratory tract infections: Perspectives for COVID-19","volume":"46","author":"Skalny","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1114","article-title":"Zinc signals and immune function","volume":"40","author":"Haase","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0355","article-title":"Individual risk management strategy and potential therapeutic options for the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"108409","author":"Gasmi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Hasegawa, K. Suzuki, K. Suzuki, S. Nakaji, K. Sugawara, Effects of zinc on the reactive oxygen species generating capacity of human neutrophils and on the serum opsonic activity in vitro, Luminescence: J. Biol. Chem. Luminescence 15(5) (2000) 321\u2013327.","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-7243(200009\/10)15:5<321::AID-BIO605>3.3.CO;2-F"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0365","article-title":"Three novel prevention, diagnostic and treatment options for COVID-19 urgently necessitating controlled randomized trials","volume":"109851","author":"Horowitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.87a.ccc046","article-title":"What is the role of supplementation with ascorbic acid, zinc, vitamin D, or N-acetylcysteine for prevention or treatment of COVID-19?","author":"Bauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clevel. Clin. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0375","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mechanistic similarity of immuno-modulatory and anti-viral effects of chloroquine and quercetin (the naturally occurring flavonoid)","volume":"4","author":"Anwar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Res."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(00)00194-9","article-title":"Zinc, infections and immunosenescence","volume":"121","author":"Mocchegiani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/0194262X.2020.1753630","article-title":"Reviews of science for science librarians: vitamins and trace elements that may be preventive or ameliorating in this age of contagion","volume":"39","author":"Stankus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Libraries"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0390","article-title":"The cytokine release syndrome (CRS) of severe COVID-19 and Interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist Tocilizumab may be the key to reduce the mortality","volume":"105954","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Noeparast, G. Verschelden, Can Zinc correction in SARS-CoV-2 patients improve treatment outcomes? 2020.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202004.0094.v1"},{"key":"#cr-split#-10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0400.1","unstructured":"J. Roozbeh, M.H. Imanieh, S.A. Esfahani, Can zinc be an option for prevention of corona virus disease 2019? Int. J. Preventive Med. 11"},{"key":"#cr-split#-10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0400.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(7) (2020) 11-92 (9 July 2020) DOI: 10.4103\/2008-7802.289262.","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_210_20"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00431","article-title":"Zinc supplementation promotes a Th1 response and improves clinical symptoms in less hours in children with pneumonia younger than 5 years old. A randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Acevedo-Murillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0410","article-title":"Zinc supplementation for the prevention of pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 59 months","volume":"12","author":"Lassi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database System. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0415","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nutrients in prevention, treatment, and management of viral infections; special focus on Coronavirus","author":"BourBour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028020928052","article-title":"<? covid19?> myth busters: dietary supplements and COVID-19","author":"Adams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.34297\/AJBSR.2019.02.000566","article-title":"Review on the role of Zn 2+ ions in viral pathogenesis and the effect of Zn 2+ ions for host cell-virus growth inhibition","volume":"2","author":"Ishida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Biomed. Sci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110333","article-title":"A possible application of hinokitiol as a natural zinc ionophore and anti-infective agent for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and viral infections","volume":"145","author":"Hoang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Razzaque, COVID-19 pandemic: can maintaining optimal zinc balance enhance host resistance? 2020.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202004.0006.v1"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001250","article-title":"Zinc sulfate in combination with a zinc ionophore may improve outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients","volume":"69","author":"Carlucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.3.837","article-title":"Zinc supplementation decreases incidence of infections in the elderly: effect of zinc on generation of cytokines and oxidative stress","volume":"85","author":"Prasad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutrition"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a001651","article-title":"The nuclear factor NF-\u03baB pathway in inflammation","volume":"1","author":"Lawrence","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-8-36","article-title":"Zinc supplementation alters airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness to a common allergen","volume":"8","author":"Morgan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Inflamm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511005290","article-title":"Alterations of the extracellular matrix of lung during zinc deficiency","volume":"108","author":"Biaggio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0465","article-title":"Immune-boosting role of vitamins D, C, E, zinc, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids: Could they help against COVID-19?","author":"Shakoor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L744","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00368.2009","article-title":"Zinc modulates the innate immune response in vivo to polymicrobial sepsis through regulation of NF-\u03baB","volume":"298","author":"Bao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110056","article-title":"Zinc and zinc transporters in macrophages and their roles in efferocytosis in COPD","volume":"9","author":"Hamon","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196921","article-title":"Cell iron status influences macrophage polarization","volume":"13","author":"Agoro","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.590716","article-title":"Tea bioactive modulate innate immunity: In perception to COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"11","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01564-16","article-title":"Neurovirulent murine coronavirus JHM. SD uses cellular zinc metalloproteases for virus entry and cell-cell fusion","volume":"91","author":"Phillips","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076469","article-title":"Role of the spike glycoprotein of human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in virus entry and syncytia formation","volume":"8","author":"Qian","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02202-13","article-title":"TMPRSS2 and ADAM17 cleave ACE2 differentially and only proteolysis by TMPRSS2 augments entry driven by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein","volume":"88","author":"Heurich","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.12.001","article-title":"TACE antagonists blocking ACE2 shedding caused by the spike protein of SARS-CoV are candidate antiviral compounds","volume":"85","author":"Haga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0510","first-page":"9","article-title":"Virucidal activities of zinc-finger antiviral proteins and zinc-binding domains for virus entry","author":"Ishida","year":"2020","journal-title":"DNA\/RNA Replication Spread"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01543-08","article-title":"Antiviral activity of the zinc ionophores pyrithione and hinokitiol against picornavirus infections","volume":"83","author":"Krenn","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0520","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine and Covid-19: A Cellular and Molecular Biology Based Update","volume":"1\u201311","author":"Pal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0525","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: implications for rheumatology. Nature Reviews","author":"Schrezenmeier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0530","article-title":"Smooth or risky revisit of an old malaria drug for COVID-19?","volume":"1","author":"Pahan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0535","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-Gallate and Theaflavin-Gallate Interaction in SARS CoV-2 Spike-Protein Central-Channel with Reference to the Hydroxychloroquine Interaction","author":"Maiti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioinform. Mol. Docking Study."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0540","article-title":"Prothrombotic phenotype in COVID-19 severe patients","volume":"1","author":"Helms","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(94)90270-4","article-title":"On the inhibitory effect of chloroquine on blood platelet aggregation","volume":"74","author":"Jancinova","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8085","DOI":"10.1021\/jf5014633","article-title":"Zinc ionophore activity of quercetin and epigallocatechin-gallate: From Hepa 1\u20136 cells to a liposome model","volume":"62","author":"Dabbagh-Bazarbachi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food. Chem."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6382","article-title":"Dietary quercetin supplements: Assessment of online product informations and quantitation of quercetin in the products by high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"33","author":"Vida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23102475","article-title":"Antiviral mechanism of action of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate and its fatty acid esters","volume":"23","author":"Kaihatsu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.K. Agrawal, C. Agrawal, G. Blunden, Quercetin: antiviral significance and possible COVID-19 integrative considerations. Natural Product Communications 15(12) (2020) 1934578X20976293.","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X20976293"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0570","article-title":"Antiviral effects of quercetin and related compounds. Naturopathic","author":"Chaabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Currents."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0575","article-title":"A role for quercetin in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","author":"Derosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01451","article-title":"Quercetin and vitamin C: an experimental, synergistic therapy for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 related disease (COVID-19)","volume":"11","author":"Colunga Biancatelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8050129","volume":"8","author":"Glinsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Nabirotchkin, A.E. Peluffo, J. Bouaziz, D. Cohen, Focusing on the unfolded protein response and autophagy related pathways to reposition common approved drugs against COVID-19. 2020.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202003.0302.v1"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0192-0561(99)00024-7","article-title":"Quercetin inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 production in murine macrophages","volume":"21","author":"Ghosh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6886","article-title":"Molecular and functional resemblance of dexamethasone and quercetin: A paradigm worth exploring in dexamethasone-nonresponsive COVID-19 patients","author":"Pawar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5171","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21145171","article-title":"Protective effect of epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in diseases with uncontrolled immune activation: could such a scenario be helpful to counteract COVID-19?","volume":"21","author":"Menegazzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0610","article-title":"The interplay between inflammatory pathways and COVID-19: A critical review on pathogenesis and therapeutic options","volume":"104673","author":"Choudhary","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"issue":"100029","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0615","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: is interleukin-6 (IL-6) the'culprit lesion'of ARDS onset? What is there besides Tocilizumab? SGP130Fc","volume":"X","author":"Magro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20200653","article-title":"COVID-19 and emerging viral infections: The case for interferon lambda","volume":"217","author":"Prokunina-Olsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"10230","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30691-7","article-title":"Immunosuppression for hyperinflammation in COVID-19: a double-edged sword?","volume":"395","author":"Ritchie","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet."},{"issue":"10234","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30858-8","article-title":"Trials of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy for COVID-19 are urgently needed","volume":"395","author":"Feldmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109858","article-title":"Imiquimod-A toll like receptor 7 agonist-Is an ideal option for management of COVID 19","volume":"188","author":"Angelopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0640","article-title":"Overview of the COVID-19 and JAK\/STAT Pathway Inhibition: Ruxolitinib Perspective","author":"Bagca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2020.06.007","article-title":"Targeting JAK-STAT signaling to control cytokine release syndrome in COVID-19","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.06.003","article-title":"The key role of zinc in elderly immunity: A possible approach in the COVID-19 crisis","volume":"38","author":"de Almeida Brasiel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nutrition ESPEN."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjnph-2020-000095","article-title":"Zinc as nutritional intervention and prevention measure for COVID\u201319 disease","volume":"3","author":"Mossink","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Hoffmann, H. Kleine-Weber, N. Kr\u00fcger, M.A. Mueller, C. Drosten, S. P\u00f6hlmann, The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) uses the SARS-coronavirus receptor ACE2 and the cellular protease TMPRSS2 for entry into target cells, BioRxiv, 2020.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.01.31.929042"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.014","article-title":"COVID-19: Poor outcomes in patients with Zinc deficiency","volume":"100","author":"Jothimani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infectious Dis."},{"issue":"6485","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb2762","article-title":"Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2","volume":"367","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0675","article-title":"The minimal effect of zinc on the survival of hospitalized patients with Covid-19: an observational study","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2007.10.013","article-title":"Clinical, immunological, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles of zinc","volume":"43","author":"Prasad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3503","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S149589","article-title":"Zinc deficiency as a codeterminant for airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in an ex vivo model of COPD","volume":"12","author":"Roscioli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Chronic Obstruct. Pulmonary Disease."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13090228","article-title":"Zinc (II)\u2014The overlooked \u00e9minence grise of Chloroquine\u2019s fight against COVID-19?","volume":"13","author":"Hecel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Novel CPERE, The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi= Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi. 41(2) (2020) 145.","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2020.032"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0700","article-title":"Updated rapid risk assessment from ECDC on the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: increased transmission in the EU\/EEA and the UK","volume":"25","author":"Team EE","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0705","unstructured":"R. Mahmud, A randomized, double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial of ivermectin plus doxycycline for the treatment of confirmed Covid-19 infection."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0710","article-title":"The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro","volume":"104787","author":"Caly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0715","unstructured":"M. ZeH, A. Naseem, F. Saeed, R. Azam, N. Ullah, W. Ahmad, et al., Clearing the fog: Is HCQ effective in reducing COVID-19 progression: A randomized controlled trial, 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0720","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin for Treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19","author":"Elgazzar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pandemic."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00109-9","article-title":"Copper\/zinc ratio and systemic oxidant load: effect of aging and aging-related degenerative diseases","volume":"25","author":"Mezzetti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1988.01060130202026","article-title":"Oral zinc in macular degeneration","volume":"106","author":"Newsome","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/72.2.233","article-title":"Studies on growth, copper metabolism and iron metabolism of rats fed high levels of zinc","volume":"72","author":"Magee","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.22.55","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of high dietary zinc on copper absorption in rats","volume":"22","author":"Ogiso","year":"1974","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0018-3","article-title":"Wilson disease","volume":"4","author":"Cz\u0142onkowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90445-3","article-title":"Zinc-induced copper deficiency","volume":"94","author":"Hoffman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/61.3.621S","article-title":"Requirements and toxicity of essential trace elements, illustrated by zinc and copper","volume":"61","author":"Sandstead","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutrition."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Group A-REDSR, The effect of five-year zinc supplementation on serum zinc, serum cholesterol and hematocrit in persons randomly assigned to treatment group in the age-related eye disease study: AREDS Report No. 7, J. Nutrition 132(4) (2002) 697\u2013702.","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.4.697"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0765","article-title":"Sideroblastic anemia secondary to zinc toxicity. Blood, The Journal of the American Society of","volume":"122","author":"Sheqwara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hematology."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-010-5511-x","article-title":"Copper deficiency myelopathy","volume":"257","author":"Jaiser","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-100102421","article-title":"Copper","volume":"37","author":"Barceloux","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630_b0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03350110043027","article-title":"Excessive intake of zinc impairs immune responses","volume":"252","author":"Chandra","year":"1984","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576921002666?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576921002666?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T18:54:52Z","timestamp":1727290492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576921002666"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":157,"alternative-id":["S1567576921002666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Immunopharmacological perspective on zinc in SARS-CoV-2 infection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107630","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107630"}}