{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:11:14Z","timestamp":1790424674600,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015507","name":"Shandong First Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019QL013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QL013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015507","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2020MH142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2020MH142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T03:50:46Z","timestamp":1624420246000},"page":"107880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Natural killer cells promote the differentiation of follicular helper T cells instead of inducing apoptosis in myasthenia gravis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Rui-Ting","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-xin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui-Sheng","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106335","article-title":"Osteopontin exacerbates the progression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by affecting the differentiation of T cell subsets","volume":"82","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.106130","article-title":"Comparison of peripheral blood B cell subset ratios and B cell-related cytokine levels between ocular and generalized myasthenia gravis","volume":"80","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E41","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26318","article-title":"B cells in the pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis: Is there a role for cladribine?","volume":"58","author":"Deftereos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328364d6cd","article-title":"Autoimmune myasthenia gravis: autoantibody mechanisms and new developments on immune regulation","volume":"26","author":"Le Panse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.06.015","article-title":"Altered populations of natural killer cell and natural killer T cell subclasses in myasthenia gravis","volume":"167","author":"Suzuki","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.07.006","article-title":"Natural killer cell biology: an update and future directions","volume":"132","author":"Campbell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Zamora, S. Grossenbacher, E. Aguilar, W. Murphy, Models to Study NK Cell Biology and Possible Clinical Application, Current protocols in immunology 110 (2015) 14.37.1-14.37.14.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142735.im1437s110"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00351","article-title":"Features of Memory-Like and PD-1(+) Human NK Cell Subsets","volume":"7","author":"Della Chiesa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0045","first-page":"296","article-title":"Downregulation of Immunosuppressive Molecules, PD-1 and PD-L1 but not PD-L2, in the Patients with Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Javan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524019666190827162615","article-title":"Effects of Follicular Helper T Cells and Inflammatory Cytokines on Myasthenia Gravis","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-3009-3","article-title":"High frequencies of circulating Tfh-Th17 cells in myasthenia gravis patients","volume":"38","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2016.03.03","article-title":"Increased frequency of thymic T follicular helper cells in myasthenia gravis patients with thymoma","volume":"8","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-8985-1","article-title":"Intrathymic Tfh\/B Cells Interaction Leads to Ectopic GCs Formation and Anti-AChR Antibody Production: Central Role in Triggering MG Occurrence","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.09.013","article-title":"TRAIL+ NK cells control CD4+ T cell responses during chronic viral infection to limit autoimmunity","volume":"41","author":"Schuster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00036","article-title":"NK Cells Regulate CD8(+) T Cell Mediated Autoimmunity","volume":"10","author":"Lang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2016.04.003","article-title":"Dysregulation of regulatory CD56(bright) NK cells\/T cells interactions in multiple sclerosis","volume":"72","author":"Laroni","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03424.x","article-title":"Inhibition of peripheral blood natural killer cell cytotoxicity in patients with myasthenia gravis treated with plasmapheresis","volume":"18","author":"Chien","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.05.028","article-title":"Persistence of CD16+\/CD56-\/2B4+ natural killer cells: a highly dysfunctional NK subset expanded in ocular myasthenia gravis","volume":"179","author":"Nguyen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1687-x","article-title":"CXCR5-negative natural killer cells ameliorate experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by suppressing follicular helper T cells","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500725","article-title":"Augmentation of Circulating Follicular Helper T Cells and Their Impact on Autoreactive B Cells in Myasthenia Gravis","volume":"197","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0105","article-title":"Activation status of CD56(dim) natural killer cells is associated with disease activity of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7523914","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7523914","article-title":"The Increased Ratio of Blood CD56(bright) NK to CD56(dim) NK Is a Distinguishing Feature of Primary Sjogren's Syndrome","volume":"2020","author":"Ming","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of immunology research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2019.11.006","article-title":"Impaired circulating CD56 NK cells are associated with decompensation of HBV-related cirrhosis","volume":"81","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.4A0714-326R","article-title":"NKG2D ligand overexpression in lupus nephritis correlates with increased NK cell activity and differentiation in kidneys but not in the periphery","volume":"97","author":"Spada","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01847-9","article-title":"Repopulation of T, B, and NK cells following alemtuzumab treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Gilmore","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14680","article-title":"Prognostic value of natural killer cell\/T cell ratios for disease activity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Mimpen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2013.10.004","article-title":"Circulating CD56dim NK cells expressing perforin are increased in progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"265","author":"Plantone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of neuroimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0140","unstructured":"T. Li, N. Gao, W. Cui, L. Zhao, L. Pan, Natural killer cells and their function in Takayasu's arteritis, Clinical and experimental rheumatology (2) (2020) 84-90."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141832","article-title":"Decreased NKp46 and NKG2D and elevated PD-1 are associated with altered NK-cell function in pediatric transplant patients with PTLD","volume":"42","author":"Wiesmayr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13099","article-title":"Unraveling the expression of microRNA-27a* & NKG2D in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and natural killer cells of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus patients","volume":"20","author":"Sourour","year":"2017","journal-title":"International journal of rheumatic diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12271","article-title":"Balance between activating NKG2D, DNAM-1, NKp44 and NKp46 and inhibitory CD94\/NKG2A receptors determine natural killer degranulation towards rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts","volume":"142","author":"Nielsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00834","article-title":"Natural Killer Cells Regulate Th17 Cells After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Darlington","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.04.025","article-title":"Identification of a subset of human natural killer cells expressing high levels of programmed death 1: A phenotypic and functional characterization","volume":"139","author":"Pesce","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2007.09.019","article-title":"Programmed Death-1: from gene to protein in autoimmune human myasthenia gravis","volume":"193","author":"Sakthivel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of neuroimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2018.09.012","article-title":"Programmed cell death ligand 1 expression is upregulated in the skeletal muscle of patients with myasthenia gravis","volume":"325","author":"Iwasa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of neuroimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2018.09.027","article-title":"KIR2DL4-HLAG interaction at human NK cell-oligodendrocyte interfaces regulates IFN-\u03b3-mediated effects","volume":"115","author":"Banerjee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05233-x","article-title":"Association among cytokine profiles of innate and adaptive immune responses and clinical-virological features in untreated patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"20","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-019-0199-z","article-title":"Liver-resident NK cells suppress autoimmune cholangitis and limit the proliferation of CD4 T cells","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00197","article-title":"The Variable Genomic NK Cell Receptor Locus Is a Key Determinant of CD4+ T Cell Responses During Viral Infection","volume":"11","author":"Raynor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.E. Rydyznski, S.A. Cranert, J.Q. Zhou, H. Xu, S.H. Kleinstein, H. Singh, S.N. Waggoner, Affinity Maturation Is Impaired by Natural Killer Cell Suppression of Germinal Centers, Cell Rep 24(13) (2018) 3367-3373 e4.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.08.075"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00809","article-title":"CD4 T Cells of Myasthenia Gravis Patients Are Characterized by Increased IL-21, IL-4, and IL-17A Productions and Higher Presence of PD-1 and ICOS","volume":"11","author":"\u00c7ebi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576921005166?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576921005166?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T07:25:40Z","timestamp":1747293940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576921005166"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S1567576921005166"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Natural killer cells promote the differentiation of follicular helper T cells instead of inducing apoptosis in myasthenia gravis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107880","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107880"}}