{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:23:34Z","timestamp":1790785414729,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T21:04:41Z","timestamp":1722891881000},"page":"112831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Targeting TGR5 to mitigate liver fibrosis: Inhibition of hepatic stellate cell activation through modulation of mitochondrial fission"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuancheng","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehao","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5950-9840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haojun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00372-7","article-title":"Molecular and cellular mechanisms of liver fibrosis and its regression","volume":"18","author":"Kisseleva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-02854-x","article-title":"The roles and mechanisms of hypoxia in liver fibrosis","volume":"19","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e186","DOI":"10.1038\/mtna.2014.38","article-title":"The CRISPR\/Cas9 system facilitates clearance of the intrahepatic HBV templates in vivo","volume":"3","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00013.2007","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cells: protean, multifunctional, and enigmatic cells of the liver","volume":"88","author":"Friedman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2019.1687985","article-title":"RNA-binding protein ZFP36\/TTP protects against ferroptosis by regulating autophagy signaling pathway in hepatic stellate cells","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26604","article-title":"Free cholesterol accumulation in hepatic stellate cells: mechanism of liver fibrosis aggravation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice","volume":"59","author":"Tomita","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.38","article-title":"Mechanisms of hepatic stellate cell activation","volume":"14","author":"Tsuchida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-020-00835-7","article-title":"Reduced reticulum-mitochondria Ca(2+) transfer is an early and reversible trigger of mitochondrial dysfunctions in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"115","author":"Dia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1728\u201344","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0045","first-page":"e14","article-title":"Identification of lineage-specific transcription factors that prevent activation of hepatic stellate cells and promote fibrosis resolution","volume":"158","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3877","article-title":"Mitochondrial dynamics and inheritance during cell division, development and disease","volume":"15","author":"Mishra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.08.009","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction governs immunometabolism in leukocytes of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure","volume":"76","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0210-7","article-title":"The cell biology of mitochondrial membrane dynamics","volume":"21","author":"Giacomello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03214-x","article-title":"Function and regulation of the divisome for mitochondrial fission","volume":"590","author":"Kraus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-021-00798-4","article-title":"MIROs and DRP1 drive mitochondrial-derived vesicle biogenesis and promote quality control","volume":"23","author":"Konig","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.08.015","article-title":"Bile acid receptors in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"86","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02068-0","article-title":"TGR5 signalling promotes mitochondrial fission and beige remodelling of white adipose tissue","volume":"9","author":"Velazquez-Villegas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2020.100245","article-title":"Measurement of mitochondrial respiration in adherent cells by seahorse XF96 cell Mito stress test","volume":"2","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"STAR Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17862","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608578103","article-title":"An immunocompetent mouse model for the tolerance of human chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"103","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1021\/jm7015864","article-title":"Novel potent and selective bile acid derivatives as TGR5 agonists: biological screening, structure-activity relationships, and molecular modeling studies","volume":"51","author":"Sato","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1562943","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"35","author":"Satapathy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24282","article-title":"Liver fibrosis","volume":"115","author":"Bataller","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.003","article-title":"Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis","volume":"134","author":"Friedman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadd3949","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.add3949","article-title":"An autocrine signaling circuit in hepatic stellate cells underlies advanced fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0120","article-title":"Liver fibrosis: common mechanisms and antifibrotic therapies","volume":"39","author":"Schuppan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903874","article-title":"The hepatitis B virus X protein disrupts innate immunity by downregulating mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein","volume":"185","author":"Wei","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16092-0","article-title":"Hepatocyte mitochondria-derived danger signals directly activate hepatic stellate cells and drive progression of liver fibrosis","volume":"11","author":"An","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155195","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic tubulopathy","volume":"131","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.316443","article-title":"Epigenetic metabolic reprogramming of right ventricular fibroblasts in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-dependent shift in mitochondrial metabolism promotes right ventricular fibrosis","volume":"126","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-022-00843-w","article-title":"Mitochondrial fission links ECM mechanotransduction to metabolic redox homeostasis and metastatic chemotherapy resistance","volume":"24","author":"Romani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0511-1","article-title":"Mitochondrial fragmentation limits NK cell-based tumor immunosurveillance","volume":"20","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.06.083","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and signaling in chronic liver diseases","volume":"155","author":"Mansouri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01091-7","article-title":"Insights into the impact of hepatitis B virus on hepatic stellate cell activation","volume":"21","author":"You","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2020.07.014","article-title":"Chrysophanol attenuates hepatitis B virus X protein-induced hepatic stellate cell fibrosis by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and ferroptosis","volume":"144","author":"Kuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2005.03901.x","article-title":"Hydroxyproline content of needle biopsies as an objective measure of liver fibrosis: emphasis on sampling variability","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0175","first-page":"11","article-title":"The imbalance of astrocytic mitochondrial dynamics following blast-induced traumatic brain injury","author":"Guilhaume-Correa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003722","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003722","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus disrupts mitochondrial dynamics: induces fission and mitophagy to attenuate apoptosis","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13320","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13320","article-title":"Bile acids induce hepatic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"5","author":"Sawitza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0190","article-title":"TGR5 activation ameliorates mitochondrial homeostasis via regulating the PKC\u03b4\/Drp1-HK2 signaling in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31712","article-title":"Dual agonist of farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 inhibits hepatitis B virus infection in vitro and in vivo","volume":"74","author":"Ito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00646","article-title":"TGR5, not only a metabolic regulator","volume":"7","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.102530","article-title":"The role of FXR and TGR5 in reversing and preventing progression of Western diet-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice","volume":"298","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106840","article-title":"METTL3 boosts mitochondrial fission and induces cardiac fibrosis by enhancing LncRNA GAS5 methylation","volume":"194","author":"Tu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041213","article-title":"Innate immune Nod1\/RIP2 signaling is essential for cardiac hypertrophy but requires mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein for signal transductions and energy balance","volume":"142","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8122","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27597","article-title":"Mitochondrial quality control in cardiac cells: mechanisms and role in cardiac cell injury and disease","volume":"234","author":"Tahrir","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15068","article-title":"The role of mitochondrial dynamics in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"178","author":"Forte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1949","article-title":"Conformational changes in Dnm1 support a contractile mechanism for mitochondrial fission","volume":"18","author":"Mears","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576924013523?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576924013523?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:01:05Z","timestamp":1786363265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576924013523"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S1567576924013523"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Targeting TGR5 to mitigate liver fibrosis: Inhibition of hepatic stellate cell activation through modulation of mitochondrial fission","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112831","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112831"}}