{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T15:55:36Z","timestamp":1788018936465,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:44:58Z","timestamp":1728002698000},"page":"113271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"P1","title":["Investigating the mechanism of enhanced medicinal effects of Terminalia chebula fruit after processing based on intestinal flora and metabolomics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Yueyan","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wujie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuetao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengguo","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0005","series-title":"Pharmacopoeia of People\u2019s Republic of China Part I","author":"Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0010","series-title":"Ben Jing Feng Yuan","author":"Zhang","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0015","series-title":"Cognition and exploration of ulcerative colitis (chronic dysentery)","author":"Zhou","year":"2017"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0020","first-page":"239","article-title":"Gegen Qinliantang and its modification in treatment of ulcerative colitis: a review","volume":"29","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Formulae."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0025","first-page":"149","article-title":"Changes in chemical composition of Atractylodes macrocephala slices and their clinical efficacy in patients with ulcerative colitis after processing by different processing methods","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"China Prescr. Drug"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0030","first-page":"332","article-title":"Content changes of chemical constituents and comparison of the anti-ulcerative colitis effect of processed products of Terminalia chebula at different temperatures","volume":"33","author":"An","year":"2022","journal-title":"China Pharmacy"},{"issue":"08","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0035","first-page":"55","article-title":"Discussion on TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of ulcerative colitis based on the theory of \u201cFive Pathogenic Factors\u201d","volume":"51","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Liaoning J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112846","article-title":"Morin alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice via inhibition of inflammation and modulation of intestinal microbiota","volume":"140","author":"Qiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112341","article-title":"Quercetin ameliorates bone loss in OVX rats by modulating the intestinal flora-SCFAs-inflammatory signaling axis","volume":"136","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0050","first-page":"433","article-title":"Research progress of short-chain fatty acids and its regulation of iintestinal inflammation","volume":"43","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Food Ind."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153570","article-title":"Serum and colon metabolomics study reveals the anti-ulcerative colitis effect of Croton crassifolius Geisel","volume":"87","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154052","article-title":"Huangqin decoction ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis: Role of gut microbiota and amino acid metabolism, mTOR pathway and intestinal epithelial barrier","volume":"100","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.111775","article-title":"UHPLC\/MS-based metabolomics of asthmatic mice reveals metabolic changes in group 2 innate lymphoid cells","volume":"130","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12918","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12918","article-title":"Nontargeted and targeted metabolomics approaches reveal the key amino acid alterations involved in multiple myeloma","volume":"10","author":"Yue","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0075","first-page":"2371","article-title":"Optimization of processing methods for Terminalia chebula based on fingerprint, antioxidant spectrum effect correlation and multi-component content","volume":"34","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Pharm."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s003840000282","article-title":"Efficacy of use of colonoscopy in dextran sulfate sodium induced ulcerative colitis in rats: the evaluation of the effects of antioxidant by colonoscopy","volume":"16","author":"Ahn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Colorectal Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.2478\/pjvs-2013-0040","article-title":"Imidazole-induced contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells in the presence of U-73122, ODQ, indomethacin and 7-nitroindazole","volume":"16","author":"Wici\u0144ski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pol. J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039711","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1039711","article-title":"Cornus officinalis prior and post-processing: Regulatory effects on intestinal flora of diabetic nephropathy rats","volume":"13","author":"Ju","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0095","first-page":"81","article-title":"Preliminary Study on Ancient and Modern Processing of Terminalia chebula","volume":"06","author":"Sheng","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lishizhen Med. Mater. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0100","unstructured":"J. Guo, Study on the mechanism of pterostilbene in the treatment of ulcerative colitis mice, Taiyuan, Shanxi University, China (Ph. D. thesis) (2023), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.27284\/d.cnki.gsxiu.2023.000089."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0105","unstructured":"H. Zhi, J. Long, K. Y. Liu, Research progress of traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment of ulcerative colitis, J. Mod. Med. Health 39 (08) (2023) 1366-1369+1374, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1009-5519.2023.08.021."},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0110","first-page":"68","article-title":"Understanding, diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative colitis with Chinese and western medicine","volume":"37","author":"Qiu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Univ. Tradit. Med. Sin. Pharmacol. Shanghai"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0115","article-title":"Kuijie decoction ameliorates ulcerative colitis by affecting intestinal barrier functions, gut microbiota, metabolic pathways and Treg\/Th17 balance in mice","volume":"319","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0120","first-page":"674","article-title":"Differences of 15 elements in Euryale ferox salisb seed from different origins based on ICP-MS\/ICP-OES and principal component analysis method","volume":"45","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11020400","article-title":"The role of innate and adaptive immune cells in the pathogenesis and development of the inflammatory response in ulcerative colitis","volume":"11","author":"Ka\u0142u\u017cna","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.117956","article-title":"Gegen Qinlian decoction ameliorates TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis by regulating Th2\/Th1 and Tregs\/Th17 cells balance, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reshaping gut microbiota","volume":"328","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0135","article-title":"Dynamic changes of Th1 cytokines and the clinical significance of the IFN-\u03b3\/TNF-\u03b1 ratio in acute brucellosis","volume":"5869257","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-199911000-00009","article-title":"Th1\/Th2 cells","volume":"5","author":"Romagnani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advms.2016.09.001","article-title":"Cells of the innate and adaptive immunity and their interactions in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"62","author":"Kmie\u0107","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Med Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2149675","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202149675","article-title":"Targeting B cells and plasma cells in autoimmune diseases: From established treatments to novel therapeutic approaches","volume":"53","author":"Merino-Vico","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"issue":"08","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0155","first-page":"940","article-title":"Effect of Gancao Xiexin decoction in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and the level changes of intestinal flora and inflammatory immune cytokines","volume":"43","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Jilin J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0160","first-page":"831","article-title":"Overview of research on intestinal flora mediating the metabolism of Chinese medicine","volume":"59","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta. Pharm. Sin."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0165","first-page":"6922","article-title":"Research progress on metabolic transformation of traditional Chinese medicine saponins by intestinal flora","volume":"54","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb Drugs"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0170","first-page":"113","article-title":"Discussion on the Mechanism of Huangqin Decoction in Treating Ulcerative Colitis from the Perspective of \u201cIntestinal Mucosa Barrier Integrity\u201d","volume":"42","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. Arch. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izab355","article-title":"Similar gut bacterial composition between patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy controls in a high incidence population: a cross-sectional study of the faroe islands IBD cohort","volume":"28","author":"Berbis\u00e1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0180","first-page":"1257","article-title":"Effect of rosmarinic acid on intestinal barrier damage and gut microbiota imbalance in rats with ulcerative colitis by regulating the HMGB1\/RAGE signal axis","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pathog. Biol."},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0185","first-page":"126","article-title":"Effect of compound Dandelion and Periplaneta americana extracts on intestinal microflora of rats with ulcerative colitis","volume":"59","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Veter. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2000745","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202000745","article-title":"Lycium ruthenicum Anthocyanins atenuate high-fat diet-induced colonic barrier dysfunction and inflammation in mice by modulating the gut microbiota","volume":"65","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3209","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c08187","article-title":"RS5 produced more butyric acid through regulating the microbial community of human gut microbiota","volume":"69","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.121312","article-title":"Deferasirox alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis and improving intestinal microbiota","volume":"314","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0205","first-page":"6724","article-title":"Effects of yam gruel on glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetes rats based on intestinal flora and metabonomics","volume":"13","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Food Saf. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2019.121848","article-title":"LC-MS-based metabolomics analysis of Berberine treatment in ulcerative colitis rats","volume":"1133","author":"Liao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.11.030","article-title":"Linoleoyl ethanolamide reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophages and ameliorates 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced contact dermatitis in mice","volume":"699","author":"Ishida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0220","first-page":"4895","article-title":"Metabolomic study of Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide intervention in ulcerative colitis based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology","volume":"54","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb Drugs"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12167","article-title":"Purine metabolism controls innate lymphoid cell function and protects against intestinal injury","volume":"96","author":"Crittenden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10665","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.43528","article-title":"Rhein modulates host purine metabolism in intestine through gut microbiota and ameliorates experimental colitis","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6298","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.909692","article-title":"Decreased serum bilirubin levels and increased uric acid levels are associated with ulcerative colitis","volume":"24","author":"Tian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"issue":"10\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1080\/15257770.2015.1125000","article-title":"Evaluation of purine utilization by Lactobacillus gasseri strains with potential to decrease the absorption of food-derived purines in the human intestine","volume":"35","author":"Yamada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.3c00237","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of valeriana jatamansi on ulcerative colitis: insights into mechanisms of action through metabolomics and microbiome analysis","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2133\/dmpk.DMPK-12-RG-097","article-title":"Disturbance of hepatic and intestinal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in rats with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis","volume":"28","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Metab. PharmacokiNet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450118666170125144557","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 structure, function and clinical significance: a review","volume":"19","author":"Manikandan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.3109\/03602539709002246","article-title":"Regulation of cytochromes P450 during inflammation and infection","volume":"29","author":"Morgan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Rev."}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576924017934?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576924017934?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T07:42:50Z","timestamp":1729669370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576924017934"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S1567576924017934"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Investigating the mechanism of enhanced medicinal effects of Terminalia chebula fruit after processing based on intestinal flora and metabolomics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113271","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113271"}}