{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:16:19Z","timestamp":1785816979274,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T20:26:22Z","timestamp":1734121582000},"page":"113813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Monkeypox: A comprehensive review on mutation, transmission, pathophysiology, and therapeutics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Somenath","family":"Dutta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohan","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishita","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Purbita","family":"Sikdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyasa","family":"Santra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debjit","family":"Maity","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manisha","family":"Pritam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Gu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102855","article-title":"The 2022 outbreak and the pathobiology of the monkeypox virus","volume":"131","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0010","unstructured":"World Health Organization, \u20182022-24 Mpox (Monkeypox) Outbreak: Global Trends\u2019, https:\/\/worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io\/mpx_global\/."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00775-4","article-title":"Monkeypox: disease epidemiology, host immunity and clinical interventions","volume":"22","author":"Lum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-6-188","article-title":"Inhibition of Monkeypox virus replication by RNA interference","volume":"6","author":"Alkhalil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1132250","article-title":"Insights into monkeypox pathophysiology, global prevalence, clinical manifestation and treatments","volume":"14","author":"Niu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1003.030878","article-title":"Monkeypox Transmission and Pathogenesis in Prairie Dogs","volume":"10","author":"Guarner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10380","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00273-8","article-title":"Mpox in people with advanced HIV infection: a global case series","volume":"401","author":"Mitj\u00e0","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1456060","article-title":"Advancements in monkeypox vaccines development: a critical review of emerging technologies","volume":"15","author":"Garcia-Atutxa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0045","unstructured":"World Health Organization, \u2018Mpox Vaccine Tracker - List of vaccine candidates in research & development\u2019, https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/mpox-vaccine-tracker---list-of-vaccine-candidates-in-research---development#:\u223c:text=Mpox%20Vaccine%20Tracker:%20List%20of,key%20results%20from%20open%20publications."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035389","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine","volume":"384","author":"Baden","year":"2021","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Kova\u010di\u0107 and A. Salihovi\u0107, \u2018Multi-epitope mRNA Vaccine Design that Exploits Variola Virus and Monkeypox Virus Proteins for Elicitation of Long-lasting Humoral and Cellular Protection Against Severe Disease\u2019, J Med Sci, p. e750, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.20883\/medical.e750.","DOI":"10.20883\/medical.e750"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2022.10.002","article-title":"The evolving epidemiology of monkeypox virus","volume":"68","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. L. Americo, P. L. Earl, and B. Moss, \u2018Virulence differences of mpox (monkeypox) virus clades I, IIa, and IIb.1 in a small animal model\u2019, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 120, no. 8, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.1073\/pnas.2220415120.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2220415120"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-023-02059-2","article-title":"Global mpox lineage discovery and rapid outbreak tracking with nanopore sequencing","volume":"20","author":"Bosmeny","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-022-00659-4","article-title":"Evolution, epidemiology, geographical distribution, and mutational landscape of newly emerging monkeypox virus","volume":"44","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1037598","article-title":"Evolution of monkeypox virus from 2017 to 2022: In the light of point mutations","volume":"13","author":"Desingu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microb.2024.100141","article-title":"Unveiling the Global Surge of Mpox (Monkeypox): A comprehensive review of current evidence","volume":"4","author":"Duarte","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Microbe"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1053\/j.spid.2004.09.001","article-title":"Monkeypox: A review of the history and emergence in the Western hemisphere","volume":"15","author":"Ligon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Sah et al., \u2018The Emergence of Monkeypox: A Global Health Threat.\u2019, Cureus, vol. 14, no. 9, p. e29304, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.7759\/cureus.29304.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.29304"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. H. I. Eliwa, A. M. El Koshiry, T. Abd El-Hafeez, and H. M. Farghaly, \u2018Utilizing convolutional neural networks to classify monkeypox skin lesions\u2019, Sci Rep, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 14495, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.1038\/s41598-023-41545-z.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41545-z"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13050824","article-title":"Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Monkeypox: A Systematic Review","volume":"13","author":"Chadaga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02725-2","article-title":"Real-time forecasting the trajectory of monkeypox outbreaks at the national and global levels, July\u2013October 2022","volume":"21","author":"Bleichrodt","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7452","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51737-4","article-title":"\u2018Evolutionary trajectory and characteristics of Mpox virus in 2023 based on a large-scale genomic surveillance in Shenzhen","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"China\u2019, Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.26531","article-title":"Monkeypox: A Comprehensive Review of Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Manifestation","author":"Kaler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2207323","article-title":"Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans across 16 Countries \u2014 April\u2013June 2022","volume":"387","author":"Thornhill","year":"2022","journal-title":"New England J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03515-8","article-title":"Estimating the relative importance of epidemiological and behavioural parameters for epidemic mpox transmission: a modelling study","volume":"22","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.997637","article-title":"Knowledge and vaccination acceptance toward the human monkeypox among men who have sex with men in China","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.3390\/v15040905","article-title":"Monkeypox Virus in Animals: Current Knowledge of Viral Transmission and Pathogenesis in Wild Animal Reservoirs and Captive Animal Models","volume":"15","author":"Falendysz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0145","unstructured":"\u2018How Mpox Spreads\u2019, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology (DHCPP). Accessed: Nov. 12, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mpox\/causes\/?CDC_AAref_Val=https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/poxvirus\/mpox\/if-sick\/transmission.html."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.08.017","article-title":"Monkeypox in pregnancy: virology, clinical presentation, and obstetric management","volume":"227","author":"Dashraath","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11020246","article-title":"Epidemiologic Situation of HIV and Monkeypox Coinfection: A Systematic Review","volume":"11","author":"Ortiz-Saavedra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines (basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2022.100536","article-title":"Monkeypox, stigma and public health","volume":"23","author":"M\u00e4rz","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Lancet Regional Health - Europe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0165","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, \u2018Clinical Considerations for Mpox in People Who are Pregnant or Breastfeeding\u2019. Accessed: Nov. 11, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mpox\/hcp\/clinical-care\/immunocompromised-people.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/poxvirus\/mpox\/clinicians\/people-with-HIV.html."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.54026\/CREM\/1041","article-title":"Co-infection of COVID-19 and Monkeypox: A Case Report from Florida, USA, 2022","volume":"2","author":"Knopp","year":"2022","journal-title":"Current Research in Emergency Medicine (CREM)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1094346","article-title":"COVID-19 and monkeypox co-infection: A rapid systematic review","volume":"13","author":"El-Qushayri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.08.014","article-title":"First case of monkeypox virus, SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection","volume":"86","author":"Nolasco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0185","article-title":"The prospective outcome of the monkeypox outbreak in 2022 and characterization of monkeypox disease immunobiology","volume":"13","author":"Qudus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780373","article-title":"The Pathology of Experimental Aerosolized Monkeypox Virus Infection in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)","volume":"81","author":"Zaucha","year":"2001","journal-title":"Laboratory Investigation"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10112192","article-title":"Animal Models Used in Monkeypox Research","volume":"10","author":"Dom\u00e1n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. J. Saadh et al., \u2018Progress and prospects on vaccine development against monkeypox infection.\u2019, Microb Pathog, vol. 180, p. 106156, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106156.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106156"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.12.027","article-title":"Clinical, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic findings in cutaneous monkeypox: A multicenter retrospective case series in Spain","volume":"88","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Cuadrado","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.125515","article-title":"Immunogenic proteins and potential delivery platforms for mpox virus vaccine development: A rapid review","volume":"245","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1149909","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment and vaccines in monkeypox virus: a narrative review and bibliometric analysis","volume":"14","author":"Shamim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7142e1","article-title":"Ocular Monkeypox \u2014 United States, July\u2013September 2022","volume":"71","author":"Cash-Goldwasser","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00228-6","article-title":"Clinical features and management of human monkeypox: a retrospective observational study in the UK","volume":"22","author":"Adler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad058","article-title":"Potential Anti-Mpox Virus Activity of Atovaquone, Mefloquine, and Molnupiravir, and Their Potential Use as Treatments","volume":"228","author":"Akazawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. C. Fortier, C. Marsalisi, E. Cordova, H. J. Guo, and J. Verdecia, \u2018Challenges in Managing Treatment-Resistant Mpox Complicated by Severe Superinfection\u2019, Open Forum Infect Dis, vol. 11, no. 4, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.1093\/ofid\/ofae138.","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae138"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. G. Smith et al., \u2018Tecovirimat Resistance in Mpox Patients, United States, 2022\u20132023\u2019, Emerg Infect Dis, vol. 29, no. 12, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.3201\/eid2912.231146.","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2912.231146"},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7149a4","article-title":"Safety Monitoring of JYNNEOS Vaccine During the 2022 Mpox Outbreak \u2014 United States, May 22\u2013October 21, 2022","volume":"71","author":"Duffy","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00352-3","article-title":"Mpox vaccine and infection-driven human immune signatures: an immunological analysis of an observational study","volume":"23","author":"Cohn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Priyamvada et al., \u2018Serological responses to the MVA-based JYNNEOS monkeypox vaccine in a cohort of participants from the Democratic Republic of Congo.\u2019, Vaccine, vol. 40, no. 50, pp. 7321\u20137327, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.10.078.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.10.078"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7220a3","article-title":"Estimated Effectiveness of JYNNEOS Vaccine in Preventing Mpox: A Multijurisdictional Case-Control Study \u2014 United States, August 19, 2022\u2013March 31, 2023","volume":"72","author":"Dalton","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7220a4","article-title":"Effectiveness of JYNNEOS Vaccine Against Diagnosed Mpox Infection \u2014 New York, 2022","volume":"72","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Kandeel et al., \u2018Efficacy of the modified vaccinia Ankara virus vaccine and the replication-competent vaccine ACAM2000 in monkeypox prevention.\u2019, Int Immunopharmacol, vol. 119, p. 110206, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110206.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110206"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. S. Kennedy et al., \u2018Safety and immunogenicity of LC16m8, an attenuated smallpox vaccine in vaccinia-naive adults.\u2019, J Infect Dis, vol. 204, no. 9, pp. 1395\u2013402, Nov. 2011, doi: 10.1093\/infdis\/jir527.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir527"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Zeng et al., \u2018Mpox multi-antigen mRNA vaccine candidates by a simplified manufacturing strategy afford efficient protection against lethal orthopoxvirus challenge.\u2019, Emerg Microbes Infect, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 2204151, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1080\/22221751.2023.2204151.","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2023.2204151"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X. Yu, H. Shi, and G. Cheng, \u2018Mpox Virus: Its Molecular Evolution and Potential Impact on Viral Epidemiology.\u2019, Viruses, vol. 15, no. 4, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.3390\/v15040995.","DOI":"10.3390\/v15040995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. Ndodo et al., \u2018Distinct monkeypox virus lineages co-circulating in humans before 2022.\u2019, Nat Med, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 2317\u20132324, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.1038\/s41591-023-02456-8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02456-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01215-4","article-title":"Monkeypox: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.01.017","article-title":"A multivalent mRNA monkeypox virus vaccine (BNT166) protects mice and macaques from orthopoxvirus disease","volume":"187","author":"Zuiani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.11.003","article-title":"Defining antigen targets to dissect vaccinia virus and monkeypox virus-specific Tcell responses in humans","volume":"30","author":"Grifoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126498","article-title":"Exploring the whole proteome of monkeypox virus to design B cell epitope-based oral vaccines using immunoinformatics approaches","volume":"252","author":"Pritam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2022.105373","article-title":"Evaluation and clinical validation of monkeypox (mpox) virus real-time PCR assays","volume":"159","author":"Mills","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Virology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112374","article-title":"Immunoinformatics-Aided Design of a Peptide Based Multiepitope Vaccine Targeting Glycoproteins and Membrane Proteins against Monkeypox Virus","volume":"14","author":"Akhtar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.-R. Zhang et al., \u2018Rational development of multicomponent mRNA vaccine candidates against mpox.\u2019, Emerg Microbes Infect, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 2192815, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1080\/22221751.2023.2192815.","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2023.2192815"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2022.11.033","article-title":"Designing multi-epitope monkeypox virus-specific vaccine using immunoinformatics approach","volume":"16","author":"Zaib","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15983","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-20397-z","article-title":"Novel multi epitope-based vaccine against monkeypox virus: vaccinomic approach","volume":"12","author":"Shantier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4545","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40204-1","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody levels and protection from COVID-19","volume":"14","author":"Stadler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"S7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Nov","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25829","article-title":"Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for HIV prevention","volume":"24","author":"Miner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e455","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00571-6","article-title":"Mpox neutralising antibodies at 6 months from mpox infection or MVA-BN vaccination: a comparative analysis","volume":"23","author":"Moschetta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-02872-0","article-title":"Unexpectedly higher levels of anti-orthopoxvirus neutralizing antibodies are observed among gay men than general adult population","volume":"21","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006581","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006581","article-title":"Intranasal monkeypox marmoset model: Prophylactic antibody treatment provides benefit against severe monkeypox virus disease","volume":"12","author":"Mucker","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0400","article-title":"Identification of FDA-approved drugs with triple targeting mode of action for the treatment of monkeypox: a high throughput virtual screening study","author":"Srivastava","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Divers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. A. Rabaan et al., \u2018Monkeypox outbreak 2022: What we know so far and its potential drug targets and management strategies\u2019, J Med Virol, vol. 95, no. 1, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1002\/jmv.28306.","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28306"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. J. Thomas et al., \u2018Expansion of a low-cost, saliva-based PCR test for the detection of mpox virus\u2019, medRxiv, p. 2023.06.12.23291295, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1101\/2023.06.12.23291295.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.06.12.23291295"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Yefet et al., \u2018Monkeypox infection elicits strong antibody and B cell response against A35R and H3L antigens.\u2019, iScience, vol. 26, no. 2, p. 105957, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.1016\/j.isci.2023.105957.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.105957"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-023-02085-0","article-title":"Cross-reactive immune responses to monkeypox virus induced by MVA vaccination in mice","volume":"20","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.106971","article-title":"Identification of core therapeutic targets for Monkeypox virus and repurposing potential of drugs against them: An in silico approach","volume":"161","author":"Sahu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-023-00556-w","article-title":"Two long-lasting human monoclonal antibodies cross-react with monkeypox virus A35 antigen","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Discov"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700143","article-title":"Monkeypox virus detection in rodents using real-time 3\u2032-minor groove binder TaqMan\u00ae assays on the Roche LightCycler","volume":"84","author":"Kulesh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Laboratory Investigation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14570","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41820-z","article-title":"A multi-targeted computational drug discovery approach for repurposing tetracyclines against monkeypox virus","volume":"13","author":"Alandijany","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1039\/D3ME00059A","article-title":"Multifaceted mutational immunotherapeutic approach to design therapeutic mAbs to combat monkeypox disease via integrated screening algorithms and antibody engineering","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Syst Des Eng"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4433","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.9.4433-4443.2004","article-title":"Smallpox DNA Vaccine Protects Nonhuman Primates against Lethal Monkeypox","volume":"78","author":"Hooper","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7805","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03481-12","article-title":"Assessment of the Protective Effect of Imvamune and Acam2000 Vaccines against Aerosolized Monkeypox Virus in Cynomolgus Macaques","volume":"87","author":"Hatch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8172","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00621-10","article-title":"Identification of Wild-Derived Inbred Mouse Strains Highly Susceptible to Monkeypox Virus Infection for Use as Small Animal Models","volume":"84","author":"Americo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1104.040907","article-title":"Experimental Infection of Prairie Dogs with Monkeypox Virus","volume":"11","author":"Xiao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9176","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02173-10","article-title":"Effective Antiviral Treatment of Systemic Orthopoxvirus Disease: ST-246 Treatment of Prairie Dogs Infected with Monkeypox Virus","volume":"85","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-018-0270-x","article-title":"Preclinical pharmacokinetic evaluation to facilitate repurposing of tyrosine kinase inhibitors nilotinib and imatinib as antiviral agents","volume":"19","author":"Ananthula","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.09.025","article-title":"Experimental infection of an African dormouse (Graphiurus kelleni) with monkeypox virus","volume":"383","author":"Schultz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2023.114772","article-title":"Examination of the cross-reactivity between vaccinia virus Tiantan strain and monkeypox virus","volume":"320","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1705688","article-title":"Oral Tecovirimat for the Treatment of Smallpox","volume":"379","author":"Grosenbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. A. Falendysz et al., \u2018Characterization of Monkeypox virus infection in African rope squirrels (Funisciurus sp.)\u2019, PLoS Negl Trop Dis, vol. 11, no. 8, p. e0005809, Aug. 2017, doi: 10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005809.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005809"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1009.040310","article-title":"Experimental Infection of Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) with Monkeypox Virus","volume":"10","author":"Tesh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.768","article-title":"Efficacy of the antipoxvirus compound ST-246 for treatment of severe orthopoxvirus infection","volume":"76","author":"Sbrana","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004130","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004130","article-title":"Further Assessment of Monkeypox Virus Infection in Gambian Pouched Rats (Cricetomys gambianus) Using In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging","volume":"9","author":"Falendysz","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2024.105974","article-title":"An mpox quadrivalent mRNA vaccine protects mice from lethal vaccinia virus challenge","volume":"230","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. B. Rosa et al., \u2018Invitro and invivo models for monkeypox\u2019, iScience, vol. 26, no. 1, p. 105702, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1016\/j.isci.2022.105702.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.105702"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al. A. Sergeev et al., \u2018The Possibility of Using the ICR Mouse as an Animal Model to Assess Antimonkeypox Drug Efficacy\u2019, Transbound Emerg Dis, vol. 63, no. 5, pp. e419\u2013e430, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.1111\/tbed.12323.","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12323"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12364","article-title":"Using the Ground Squirrel (Marmota bobak) as an Animal Model to Assess Monkeypox Drug Efficacy","volume":"64","author":"Sergeev","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.08.023","article-title":"Mpox infection protects against re-challenge in rhesus macaques","volume":"186","author":"Aid","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01742-y","article-title":"Prevention and Treatment of Monkeypox","volume":"82","author":"Rizk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Scarpa et al., \u2018Update of the Genetic Variability of Monkeypox Virus Clade IIb Lineage B.1\u2019, Microorganisms, vol. 12, no. 9, p. 1874, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.3390\/microorganisms12091874.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12091874"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2020.0204","article-title":"Rapid Virologic Response to Brincidofovir in Children with Disseminated Adenovirus Infection","volume":"53","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S156757692402335X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S156757692402335X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T16:48:58Z","timestamp":1736614138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S156757692402335X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":103,"alternative-id":["S156757692402335X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Monkeypox: A comprehensive review on mutation, transmission, pathophysiology, and therapeutics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113813","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113813"}}