{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:07:16Z","timestamp":1791846436981,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81901004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81901004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T07:13:42Z","timestamp":1739344422000},"page":"114279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Apabetalone alleviates ligature-induced periodontitis by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization via an immunometabolic shift"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"150","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4500-9004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianying","family":"Bian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5050-343X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haohao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mudi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6999-2007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiding","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinli","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0488-9391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meihua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13769","article-title":"Prevalence of periodontitis in dentate people between 2011 and 2020: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of epidemiological studies","volume":"50","author":"Trindade","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12344","article-title":"Clinical and public health implications of periodontal and systemic diseases: An overview","volume":"83","author":"Genco","year":"2000","journal-title":"Periodontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.708186","article-title":"Macrophages: the good, the bad, and the gluttony","volume":"12","author":"Ross","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.763334","article-title":"Polarized macrophages in periodontitis: characteristics, function, and molecular signaling","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112522","article-title":"Neural epidermal growth factor-like 1 protein (Nell-1) alleviates periodontal tissue destruction in periodontitis by regulating the ratio of M2\/M1 macrophage phenotypes","volume":"137","author":"Ni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3350","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15327","article-title":"G\u00f3mez de Las Heras MM, Gaband\u00e9\u2010Rodr\u00edguez E, Oller J, Mittelbrunn M: Glycolysis\u2013a key player in the inflammatory response","volume":"287","author":"Soto-Heredero","year":"2020","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12331","article-title":"Current understanding of periodontal disease pathogenesis and targets for host\u2010modulation therapy","volume":"84","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Periodontology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0040","first-page":"C617","article-title":"Role of glycolysis in the development of atherosclerosis","volume":"323","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Cell Phys."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0045","first-page":"1155","article-title":"Glycometabolic Reprogramming of Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights from Neuroinflammation","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A0047","DOI":"10.5702\/massspectrometry.A0047","article-title":"Metabolomic analysis of gingival crevicular fluid using gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry","volume":"5","author":"Ozeki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mass Spectrometry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2016.160302","article-title":"Low biofilm lysine content in refractory chronic periodontitis","volume":"88","author":"Levine","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-018-0035-4","article-title":"An experimental murine model to study periodontitis","volume":"13","author":"Marchesan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.3308","article-title":"Effect of apabetalone added to standard therapy on major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome and type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"323","author":"Ray","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.16751020","article-title":"Effect of apabetalone on cardiovascular events in diabetes, CKD, and recent acute coronary syndrome: results from the BETonMACE randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Kalantar-Zadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01199-x","article-title":"Apabetalone and hospitalization for heart failure in patients following an acute coronary syndrome: a prespecified analysis of the BETonMACE study","volume":"20","author":"Nicholls","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13699","article-title":"Critical roles for CCR2 and the therapeutic potential of cenicriviroc in periodontitis: A pre\u2010clinical study","volume":"49","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2013.05.002","article-title":"Optimization of the ligature-induced periodontitis model in mice","volume":"394","author":"Abe","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12805","article-title":"Periodontal disease and quality of life: Umbrella review of systematic reviews","volume":"56","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.06.014","article-title":"Diabetes enhances IL-17 expression and alters the oral microbiome to increase its pathogenicity","volume":"22","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107901","article-title":"HIF-1\u03b1 activator DMOG inhibits alveolar bone resorption in murine periodontitis by regulating macrophage polarization","volume":"99","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109190","article-title":"Grossamide attenuates inflammation by balancing macrophage polarization through metabolic reprogramming of macrophages in mice","volume":"112","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04962-y","article-title":"Pentraxin 3 regulated by miR-224-5p modulates macrophage reprogramming and exacerbates osteoarthritis associated synovitis by targeting CD32","volume":"13","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20200359","article-title":"FcRn is a CD32a coreceptor that determines susceptibility to IgG immune complex\u2013driven autoimmunity","volume":"217","author":"Hubbard","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12543","article-title":"Cell\u2010to\u2010cell communication\u2013periodontal regeneration","volume":"26","author":"Bosshardt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.157874","article-title":"FGF-2 signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma modulates pericyte-macrophage crosstalk and metastasis","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1390453","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor signaling in macrophage polarization: impact on health and diseases","volume":"15","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4064","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17914-x","article-title":"FGF2 alters macrophage polarization, tumour immunity and growth and can be targeted during radiotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Im","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.06.024","article-title":"Growth factor FGF2 cooperates with interleukin-17 to repair intestinal epithelial damage","volume":"43","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13131","article-title":"The role of rhFGF\u20102 in periodontal defect bone fill: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"58","author":"Pouliou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.08.009","article-title":"Inducing the \u201cre-development state\u201d of periodontal ligament cells via tuning macrophage mediated immune microenvironment","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201801451","article-title":"Macrophage and fibroblast interactions in biomaterial\u2010mediated fibrosis","volume":"8","author":"Witherel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.246","article-title":"Microbial stimulation of different Toll-like receptor signalling pathways induces diverse metabolic programmes in human monocytes","volume":"2","author":"Lachmandas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5974","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33526-z","article-title":"Visualizing inflammation with an M1 macrophage selective probe via GLUT1 as the gating target","volume":"13","author":"Cho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.00241","article-title":"Isozymes of mammalian hexokinase: structure, subcellular localization and metabolic function","volume":"206","author":"Wilson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2209177120","article-title":"Mitochondrial control of microglial phagocytosis by the translocator protein and hexokinase 2 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"120","author":"Fairley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00707-5","article-title":"Ge W-p, Sun B, Shi L: Dual roles of hexokinase 2 in shaping microglial function by gating glycolytic flux and mitochondrial activity","volume":"4","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0185","article-title":"Lactate supports a metabolic-epigenetic link in macrophage polarization","volume":"7(46):eabi8602","author":"Noe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0190","article-title":"Lactate-driven macrophage polarization in the inflammatory microenvironment alleviates intestinal inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-022-00177-1","article-title":"Four-Octyl itaconate ameliorates periodontal destruction via Nrf2-dependent antioxidant system","volume":"14","author":"Xin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0200","article-title":"Metabolic Control During Macrophage Polarization by a Citrate-Functionalized Scaffold for Maintaining Bone Homeostasis","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3399","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.819136","article-title":"Macrophages with a deletion of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1) gene have a more proinflammatory phenotype","volume":"293","author":"Ko","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111389","article-title":"Targeting the succinate receptor effectively inhibits periodontitis","volume":"40","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.01.008","article-title":"Insight into SUCNR1 (GPR91) structure and function","volume":"159","author":"Gilissen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0372-7","article-title":"SUCNR1 controls an anti-inflammatory program in macrophages to regulate the metabolic response to obesity","volume":"20","author":"Keiran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109246","article-title":"Extracellular succinate hyperpolarizes M2 macrophages through SUCNR1\/GPR91-mediated Gq signaling","volume":"35","author":"Trauelsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11081488","article-title":"Glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway promote LPS-induced NOX2 oxidase-and IFN-\u03b2-Dependent inflammation in macrophages","volume":"11","author":"Erlich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576925002693?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576925002693?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T04:13:49Z","timestamp":1763784829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576925002693"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S1567576925002693"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Apabetalone alleviates ligature-induced periodontitis by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization via an immunometabolic shift","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114279","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114279"}}