{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T03:27:31Z","timestamp":1789702051850,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T22:09:45Z","timestamp":1740521385000},"page":"114350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Pathophysiology and emerging therapeutic strategies for cervical spondylosis: The role of pro-inflammatory mediators, kinase inhibitors, and Organogel based drug delivery systems"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"151","author":[{"family":"Yeshna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Monika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vandana","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Jhawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0235","author":"Kuo"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2003558","article-title":"Degenerative cervical spondylosis","volume":"383","author":"Theodore","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2234-0","article-title":"The prevalence and associated factors of symptomatic cervical spondylosis in Chinese adults: a community-based cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Lv","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000524","article-title":"Tetraplegia after thyroidectomy in a patient with cervical spondylosis: a case report and literature review","volume":"94","author":"Xiong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000249279.79686.E3","article-title":"Cervical spondylosis anatomy: pathophysiology and biomechanics","volume":"60","author":"Shedid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/393642","article-title":"The natural history and clinical syndromes of degenerative cervical spondylosis","volume":"2012","author":"Kelly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Orthopedics"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000007557","article-title":"Relationship between the small cervical vertebral body and the morbidity of cervical spondylosis","volume":"96","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200708000-00005","article-title":"Cervical radiculopathy","volume":"15","author":"Rhee","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am AcadOrthop Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2017.1391838","article-title":"Formulation and delivery strategies of ibuprofen: challenges and opportunities","volume":"44","author":"Irvine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.2174\/0113816128279479231231092905","article-title":"Organogels: \u201cGelVolution\u201d in topical drug delivery - present and beyond","volume":"30","author":"Nikam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0220","series-title":"Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients, and Related Methodology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.podrm.2019.10.006","article-title":"Meloxicam","volume":"vol. 45","author":"Khalil","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-5121-8","article-title":"National clinical guidelines for non-surgical treatment of patients with recent onset neck pain or cervical radiculopathy","volume":"26","author":"Kjaer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2019.1645123","article-title":"Celecoxib for the treatment of musculoskeletal arthritis","volume":"20","author":"Krasselt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-024-02742-9","article-title":"Self-assembling Organogels loaded with Tenoxicam for local intensive pain and inflammation cure: in vitro and in vivo correlation","volume":"25","author":"Osman","year":"2024","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/916987","article-title":"Degenerative cervical spondylosis: natural history, pathogenesis, and current management strategies","volume":"2012","author":"Butler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Orthopedics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-011-9208-1","article-title":"Cervical Spondylotic myelopathy: pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment","volume":"7","author":"Lebl","year":"2011","journal-title":"HSS J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0270","first-page":"436","article-title":"The pharmacology of indomethacin. Headache: the journal of head and face","volume":"56","author":"Lucas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0280","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and surgical techniques","volume":"2011","author":"Mattei","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Scholarly Research Notices"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2011.08.024","article-title":"Cervical spondylosis: An update on pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, and management strategies","volume":"57","author":"Takagi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Disease-a-Month"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0115","first-page":"26948","article-title":"Transdermal patches for the treatment of neurologic conditions in elderly patients: a review","volume":"13","author":"Farlow","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0205","series-title":"Formulation Development and Evaluation of Transdermal Patch of Astaxanthin","author":"Kaur","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200623050-00001","article-title":"Transdermal treatment options for neurological disorders: impact on the elderly","volume":"23","author":"Priano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-4085","article-title":"Kinase inhibitors: adverse effects related to the endocrine system","volume":"98","author":"Lodish","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12248","article-title":"Protein kinase inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases","volume":"176","author":"Patterson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5905","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26195905","article-title":"Controlled drug delivery systems: current status and future directions","volume":"26","author":"Adepu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.18433\/J3V89W","article-title":"Organogels in drug delivery: a special emphasis on Pluronic lecithin Organogels","volume":"19","author":"Alsaab","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonizzi G, Karin M. The two NF-\u03baB activation pathways and their role in innate and adaptive immunity. Trends Immunol. 2004;25:280\u2013288. (PubMed] [Google Scholar).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2004.03.008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00703-1","article-title":"Missing pieces in the NF-\u03baB puzzle","volume":"109","author":"Ghosh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1062677","article-title":"Activation by IKKa of a second, evolutionary conserved, NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"293","author":"Senftleben","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16483","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.28.16483","article-title":"The regulation of AP-1 activity by mitogen-activated protein kinases","volume":"270","author":"Karin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90136-1","article-title":"Virus induction of human IFN\u03b2 gene expression requires the assembly of an enhanceosome","volume":"83","author":"Thanos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/35065000","article-title":"Mammalian MAP kinase signaling cascades","volume":"410","author":"Chang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4443","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg440","article-title":"A role for MEK kinase 1 in TGF-\u03b2\/activin-induced epithelium movement and embryonic eyelid closure","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI12466","article-title":"C-Jun N-terminal kinase is required for metalloproteinase expression and joint destruction in inflammatory arthritis","volume":"108","author":"Han","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(03)00094-7","article-title":"JNK1 is required for the maintenance of neuronal microtubules and controls phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins","volume":"4","author":"Chang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0435","first-page":"231","article-title":"Mitogen-activated protein kinases and their role in the regulation of cellular processes","volume":"21","author":"Strniskova","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gen. PhysiolBiophys."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)21307-6","article-title":"SB 203580\u2019s pharmacological profilecal profile of SB 203580 is that it is a selective inhibitor of cytokine suppressive binding protein\/p38 kinase in animal models of arthritis, bone resorption, endotoxin shock, and immune function","volume":"279","author":"Badger","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(01)32103-9","article-title":"Microglial signaling cascades in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"132","author":"Pocock","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181a05aa0","article-title":"Buckenmaier 3rd CC, Griffith S, Kurihara C, et al.Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response, and preclinical safety study of transforaminal epidural etanercept for the treatment of sciatica","volume":"110","author":"Cohen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3308","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11358","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis therapy after tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 blockade","volume":"48","author":"Redlich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2008.12.011","article-title":"MAP kinase and pain","volume":"60","author":"Ji","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.02.016","article-title":"Antinociceptive action of a p38alpha MAPK inhibitor, SD-282, in a diabetic neuropathy model","volume":"109","author":"Sweitzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.07.007","article-title":"Peripheral and central p38 MAPK mediates capsaicin-induced hyperalgesia","volume":"111","author":"Sweitzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2011.04.005","article-title":"A clinical trial of the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor dilmapimod in neuropathic pain following nerve injury","volume":"15","author":"Anand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/nri910","article-title":"NF-\u03baB regulation in the immune system","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704103361506","article-title":"NF-\u03baB: a pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases","volume":"336","author":"Barnes","year":"1997","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(00)01865-4","article-title":"Pharmacological inhibitors of MAPK pathways","volume":"23","author":"English","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)39230-4","article-title":"SB 239063, a potent p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, reduces Pharmacol","volume":"293","author":"Underwood","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10211","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3388-04.2004","article-title":"Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in injured and intact primary afferent neurons for mechanical and heat hypersensitivity after spinal nerve ligation","volume":"24","author":"Obata","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00210-5","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 induction by LPS is regulated posttranscriptionally via a Tpl2\/ERK-dependent pathway","volume":"103","author":"Dumitru","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18623","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.29.18623","article-title":"Identification of a novel inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase","volume":"273","author":"Favata","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6040","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.13.6040-6048.2004","article-title":"I\u03baB kinase is an essential component of the Tpl2 signaling pathway","volume":"24","author":"Waterfield","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2652","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11131","article-title":"A highly selective inhibitor of I\u03baB kinase, BMS-345541, blocks both joint inflammation and destruction in collagen-induced arthritis in mice","volume":"48","author":"McIntyre","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eliopoulos, A. G.; Dumitru, C. D.; Wang, C. C.; Cho, J.; Tsichlis,P. N. Induction of COX-2 by LPS in macrophages is regulated by Tpl2-dependent CREB activation signals. EMBO J. 2002, 21,4831\u20134840.","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf478"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.01-11-0561","article-title":"Extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylates tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme at threonine 735: a potential role in regulated shedding","volume":"13","author":"Diaz-Rodriguez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.2174\/156802609789044416","article-title":"Development of extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitors","volume":"9","author":"Burkhard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2016.1220563","article-title":"Sustained release of piroxicam from solid lipid nanoparticle as an effective anti-inflammatory therapeutics in vivo","volume":"43","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132612","article-title":"Immunological and inflammatory functions of the interleukin-1 family","volume":"27","author":"Dinarello","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.160","article-title":"Role of cytokines in intervertebral disc degeneration: pain and disc content","volume":"10","author":"Risbud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110660","article-title":"The role of IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"131","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31820cd2d8","article-title":"Annulus fibrosus cells interact with neuron-like cells to modulate the production of growth factors and cytokines in symptomatic disc degeneration","volume":"37","author":"Moon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3109\/10520295.2013.783235","article-title":"Increased IL-17 expression in degenerated human discs and increased production in cultured annulus cells exposed to IL-1\u00df and TNF-\u03b1","volume":"88","author":"Gruber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biotech. Histochem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3109\/10520295.2013.783235","article-title":"Increased IL-17 expression in degenerated human discs and increased production in cultured annulus cells exposed to IL-1\u00df and TNF-\u03b1","volume":"88","author":"Gruber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biotech. Histochem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E673","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002494","article-title":"Immunomodulation of human mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"43","author":"Model","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0325","first-page":"8","article-title":"Genetic variation in IL6 is associated with intervertebral disc disease characterized by sciatica","volume":"109","author":"Noponen-Hietala","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.2.5.0589","article-title":"Positive feedback loop of interleukin-1\u03b2 upregulating production of inflammatory mediators in human intervertebral disc cells in vitro","volume":"2","author":"Jimbo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.01.004","article-title":"Ligustilide alleviates IL-1\u03b2 induced apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation of nucleus pulposus cells and attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20160118","article-title":"IL-1\u03b2\/HMGB1 signaling promotes the inflammatory cytokines release via TLR signaling in human intervertebral disc cells","volume":"36","author":"Fang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-019-00965-8","article-title":"Baicalein inhibits the IL-1\u03b2-induced inflammatory response in nucleus pulposus cells and attenuates disc degeneration in vivo","volume":"42","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0405","first-page":"878","article-title":"The pro-and anti-inflammatory properties of the cytokine interleukin-6. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-molecular","volume":"1813","author":"Scheller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.160","article-title":"Role of cytokines in intervertebral disc degeneration: pain and disc content","volume":"10","author":"Risbud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2502-x","article-title":"Elevated IL-1\u03b2 and IL-6 levels in lumbar herniated discs in patients with sciatic pain","volume":"22","author":"Andrade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2596","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318158cb85","article-title":"Aggrecanases and aggrecanase-generated fragments in the human intervertebral disc at early and advanced stages of disc degeneration","volume":"32","author":"Patel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-12-153","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility of intervertebral disc degeneration among young Finnish adults","volume":"12","author":"Kelempisioti","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med. Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1089\/gtmb.2016.0189","article-title":"Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-10 promoter region polymorphisms are associated with the risk of lumbar disc herniation in a northern Chinese Han population","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genet. Test. Mol. Biomarkers"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182077122","article-title":"Does lumbar disc degeneration on magnetic resonance imaging be associated with low back symptom severity in young Finnish adults?","volume":"36","author":"Takatalo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2629","article-title":"The effect of novel polymorphisms in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene on IL-6 transcription and plasma IL-6 levels, and an association with systemic-onset juvenile chronic arthritis","volume":"102","author":"Fishman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0385","first-page":"1","article-title":"Muscle relaxants for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"1","author":"Richards","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181da38d5","article-title":"Human nucleus pulposus cells react to IL-6: independent actions and amplification of response to IL-1 and TNF-\u03b1","volume":"36","author":"Studer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181da38d5","article-title":"Human nucleus pulposus cells react to IL-6: independent actions and amplification of response to IL-1 and TNF-\u03b1","volume":"36","author":"Studer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.12.007","article-title":"The up-regulation of IL-6 in DRG and spinal dorsal horn contributes to neuropathic pain following L5 ventral root transection","volume":"241","author":"Wei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1089\/gtmb.2016.0189","article-title":"Interleukin 6 (IL- 6) and IL-10 promoter region polymorphisms are associated with the risk of lumbar disc herniation in a northern Chinese Han population","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genet. Test. Mol. Biomarkers"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.2820","article-title":"Interleukin 6 protects against H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte injury through the upregulation of prohibitin via STAT3 phosphorylation","volume":"30","author":"Jia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2022.0129","article-title":"The potential role of cytokines in diabetic intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032360","article-title":"Cytokine imbalance as a biomarker of intervertebral disk degeneration","volume":"24","author":"Shnayder","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-4349-4","article-title":"A cohort study comparing the serum levels of pro-or anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with lumbar radicular pain and healthy subjects","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1006\/mthe.2000.0111","article-title":"Adeno-associated virus mediates long-term gene transfer and delivery of chondroprotective IL-4 to murine synovium","volume":"2","author":"Watanabe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200210010-00009","article-title":"The pattern of interleukin-12 and T-helper types 1 and 2 cytokine expression in herniated lumbar disc tissue","volume":"27","author":"Park","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5490","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.16.5490","article-title":"Purification to homogeneity and characterization of human B-cell differentiation factor (BCDF or BSFp-2)","volume":"82","author":"Hirano","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20110340","article-title":"IL-6\/IL-6 receptor system and its role in physiological and pathological conditions","volume":"122","author":"Mihara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032360","article-title":"Cytokine imbalance as a biomarker of intervertebral disk degeneration","volume":"24","author":"Shnayder","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2013.01.001","article-title":"The essential role of p38 MAPK in mediating the interplay of oxLDL and IL-10 in regulating endothelial cell apoptosis","volume":"92","author":"Yin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509992510","article-title":"Curcumin suppresses p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, reduces IL-1\u03b2 and matrix metalloproteinase-3, and enhances IL-10 in the mucosa of children and adults with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"103","author":"Epstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8080818","article-title":"Cartilage and bone destruction in arthritis: pathogenesis and treatment strategy: a literature review","volume":"8","author":"Tateiwa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/Spectrum.00650-21","article-title":"Integrative analysis of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in rats after prednisone treatment","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectrum"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13639","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28044","article-title":"Aucubin inhibits IL-1\u03b2-or TNF-\u03b1-induced extracellular matrix degradation in the nucleus pulposus cell by blocking the miR-140-5p\/CREB1 axis","volume":"234","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E587","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000832","article-title":"Can bacterial infection by low virulent organisms be a plausible cause for symptomatic disc degeneration? A systematic review","volume":"Phila Pa 1976","author":"Ganko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.683","article-title":"Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor","volume":"19","author":"Moore","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.2.456","article-title":"Expression of high-affinity receptors for murine interleukin 4 (BSF-1) on hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic cells","volume":"140","author":"Lowenthal","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md.: 1950)"},{"issue":"suppl_2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii43-ii50","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex513","article-title":"Physiological effects of modulating the interleukin-6 axis","volume":"57","author":"Schett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.174.5.1209","article-title":"Interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibits cytokine synthesis by human monocytes: An autoregulatory role of IL-10 produced by monocytes","volume":"174","author":"de Waal Malefyt","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.59171","article-title":"Targeted therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration: inhibiting apoptosis is a promising treatment strategy","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2.3.489","article-title":"Organogels in drug delivery","volume":"2","author":"Murdan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1163\/138577211X555721","article-title":"Organogels: properties and applications in drug delivery","volume":"14","author":"Sahoo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Des. Monomers Polym."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.4103\/jphi.JPHI_35_16","article-title":"Formulation and evaluation of transdermal drug delivery of topiramate","volume":"7","author":"Cherukuri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharmaceu. Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350_bb0345","first-page":"740","article-title":"Toxicity of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen towards freshwater invertebrates: a review","author":"Parolini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576925003406?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576925003406?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T14:59:09Z","timestamp":1741273149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576925003406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":106,"alternative-id":["S1567576925003406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pathophysiology and emerging therapeutic strategies for cervical spondylosis: The role of pro-inflammatory mediators, kinase inhibitors, and Organogel based drug delivery systems","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114350","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114350"}}