{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:00:06Z","timestamp":1792519206825,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T18:09:57Z","timestamp":1741889397000},"page":"114388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Indole-3-propionic acid alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice through macrophage glycolipid metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Jiahong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peicen","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiqi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0268-7","article-title":"Host-microbiota interactions in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"20","author":"Caruso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00769-0","article-title":"Macrophages in intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"20","author":"Hegarty","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0015","first-page":"23","article-title":"Nature reviews","volume":"3","author":"Siamon Gordon; Alternative activation of macrophages","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"238","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0020","article-title":"Macrophage immunometabolism in inflammatory bowel diseases: from pathogenesis to therapy","volume":"10","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.12.005","article-title":"Pyruvate kinase M2 regulates Hif-1\u03b1 activity and IL-1\u03b2 induction and is a critical determinant of the Warburg effect in LPS-activated macrophages","volume":"21","author":"Palsson-McDermott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"224","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.09.009","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps promote M1 macrophage polarization in gouty inflammation via targeting hexokinase-2","volume":"12","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0035","article-title":"Four key steps control glycolytic fluxin mammaliancells","volume":"7","author":"Tanner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cellsystems"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0040","first-page":"881","article-title":"Quiescent endothelial cells upregulate fatty acid \u03b2-oxidation for Vasculoprotection via redox homeostasis","volume":"28","author":"Kalucka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cellmetabolism"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.10.010","article-title":"Tank-binding kinase 1 regulates the localization of acyl-coa synthetase acsl1 to control hepatic fatty acid oxidation","volume":"32","author":"Huh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2024.02.035","article-title":"Anti-apoptotic MCL-1 promotes long-chain fatty acid oxidation through interaction with ACSL","volume":"84","author":"Wright","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0055","article-title":"Clostridium sporogenes-derived metabolites protect mice against colonic inflammation","volume":"16","author":"Felix","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0060","first-page":"223","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in inflammatory bowel diseaseNature reviews","volume":"17","author":"Lavelle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2307568","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived indole compounds attenuate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by improving fat metabolism and inflammation","volume":"16","author":"Min","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010151","article-title":"Extensive summary of the important roles of indole propionic acid, a gut microbial metabolite in host health and disease","volume":"15","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0075","first-page":"11440","article-title":"Hongxiang sun; herba origani alleviated DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice through remolding gut microbiota to regulate bile acid and short-chain fatty acid metabolismsBiomedicine & pharmacotherapy =","volume":"161","author":"Zuoting","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"169","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0080","article-title":"Didymin switches M1-like toward M2-like macrophage to ameliorate ulcerative colitis via fatty acid oxidation","volume":"07","author":"Lv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0582-8","article-title":"The ERK and JNK pathways in the regulation of metabolic reprogramming","volume":"38","author":"Papa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1907607","article-title":"Newer biologic and small-molecule therapies for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"385","author":"Daniel","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0095","series-title":"Indole-3-Propionic Acid Alleviates Chondrocytes Inflammation and Osteoarthritis Via the AhR\/NF-\u03baB axis.Molecular Medicine","first-page":"17","volume":"29(1)","author":"Zhuang","year":"2023"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-019-0304-5","article-title":"Indole-3-propionic acid inhibits gut dysbiosis and endotoxin leakage to attenuate steatohepatitis in rats","volume":"51","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.321253","article-title":"Gut microbially produced Indole-3-propionic acid inhibits atherosclerosis by promoting reverse cholesterol transport and its deficiency is causally related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","volume":"131","author":"Hongliang Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.014","article-title":"Symbiotic bacterial metabolites regulate gastrointestinal barrier function via the xenobiotic sensor PXR and Toll-like receptor 4","volume":"41","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2018.01.011","article-title":"Microbiota-derived indole metabolites promote human and murine intestinal homeostasis through regulation of interleukin-10 receptor","volume":"188","author":"Alexeev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2409209","article-title":"The role of microbial indole metabolites in tumor","volume":"16","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.10.027","article-title":"Mucosal profiling of pediatric-onset colitis and IBD reveals common pathogenics and therapeutic pathways","volume":"179","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318264","article-title":"Anti-TNF therapy in IBD exerts its therapeutic effect through macrophage IL-10 signalling","volume":"69","author":"Pim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0135","first-page":"531","article-title":"Macrophages in intestinal inflammation and resolution: a potential therapeutic target in IBD nature reviews","volume":"16","author":"Na","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.11.004","article-title":"Microbial regulation of hexokinase 2 links mitochondrial metabolism and cell death in colitis","volume":"33","author":"Hinrichsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5545","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac360","article-title":"Hexokinase 2 is a transcriptional target and a positive modulator of AHR signalling","volume":"50","author":"Watzky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910336","article-title":"Proteomic characterization of the cellular effects of AhR activation by microbial tryptophan catabolites in endotoxin-activated human macrophages","volume":"18","author":"Walter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0155","series-title":"Trypanosoma Brucei Metabolite Indolepyruvate Decreases HIF-1\u03b1 and Glycolysis in Macrophages as a Mechanism of Innate Immune Evasion Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","first-page":"E7778","volume":"113(48)","author":"McGettrick","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22042017","article-title":"Microbiota-derived metabolites, indole-3-aldehyde and indole-3-acetic acid, differentially modulate innate cytokines and stromal remodeling processes associated with autoimmune arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Langan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19721","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.29278","article-title":"Hexokinase2 controls angiogenesis in melanoma by promoting aerobic glycolysis and activating the p38-MAPK signaling","volume":"120","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701522","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4-induced glycolytic burst in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells results from p38-dependent stabilization of HIF-1\u03b1 and increased hexokinase II expression","volume":"201","author":"Perrin-Cocon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12117","article-title":"The EGFR-P38 MAPK axis up-regulates PD-L1 through miR-675-5p and down-regulates HLA-ABC via hexokinase-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.648259","article-title":"Gut-derived metabolite indole-3-propionic acid modulates mitochondrial function in cardiomyocytes and alters cardiac function","volume":"8","author":"Gesper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"issue":"16-18","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2021.0157","article-title":"Inhibition of fatty acid translocase (FAT\/CD36) palmitoylation enhances hepatic fatty acid \u03b2-oxidation by increasing its localization to mitochondria and interaction with long-chain Acyl-CoA synthetase","volume":"36","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signaling"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.05.012","article-title":"Adipose acyl-CoA synthetase-1 directs fatty acids toward beta-oxidation and is required for cold thermogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Ellis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0195","series-title":"Targeting Fatty Acid \u03b2-Oxidation Impairs Monocyte Differentiation and Prolongs Heart Allograft survivalJCI Insight","volume":"7(7)","author":"Zhu","year":"2022"},{"issue":"172","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0200","article-title":"Dioscin ameliorates murine ulcerative colitis by regulating macrophage polarization","volume":"10","author":"Mei-Mei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0205","article-title":"Changes in the expression of genes related to intestinal fatty acid oxidation and carnitine metabolism in patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"104","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8194","DOI":"10.1021\/jm0506930","article-title":"Novel indole-based peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists: design, SAR, structural biology, and biological activities","volume":"48","author":"Mahindroo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2006.05.007","article-title":"Structure-based design of indole propionic acids as novel PPARalpha\/gamma Co-agonists","volume":"16","author":"Kuhn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"54","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0220","article-title":"A novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand improves insulin sensitivity and promotes browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice","volume":"12","author":"Dan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3395","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2010.197","article-title":"The nuclear receptor PPAR\u03b3 individually responds to serotonin- and fatty acid-metabolitesthe","volume":"29","author":"Waku","year":"2010","journal-title":"EMBO J."}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576925003789?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576925003789?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T05:13:15Z","timestamp":1757913195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576925003789"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S1567576925003789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Indole-3-propionic acid alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice through macrophage glycolipid metabolism","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114388","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114388"}}