{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T04:41:44Z","timestamp":1784004104433,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010248","name":"Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LGF22H030011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGF22H030011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010248","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T20:58:22Z","timestamp":1742677102000},"page":"114471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gut microbiota-derived UDCA enhanced by metformin inhibits FXR to activate autophagy against MCD diet-induced NAFLD in mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Xiujie","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxia","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiannian","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zekai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shining","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keke","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongbing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuowei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15489","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415489","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis and natural products for prevention and treatment","volume":"23","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.12.012","article-title":"NAFLD: a multisystem disease","volume":"62","author":"Byrne","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0104-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies","volume":"24","author":"Friedman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2045876","article-title":"Metformin attenuated sepsis-related liver injury by modulating gut microbiota","volume":"11","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155516","article-title":"Metformin-induced TTP mediates communication between Kupffer cells and hepatocytes to alleviate hepatic steatosis by regulating lipophagy and necroptosis","volume":"141","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2211933120","article-title":"Metformin acts in the gut and induces gut-liver crosstalk","volume":"120","author":"Tobar","year":"2023","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0222-4","article-title":"Gut microbiota and intestinal FXR mediate the clinical benefits of metformin","volume":"24","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.85","article-title":"The role of the gut microbiota in NAFLD","volume":"13","author":"Leung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327121999445","article-title":"Early intervention with probiotics and metformin alleviates liver injury in NAFLD rats via targeting gut microbiota dysbiosis and p-AKT\/mTOR\/LC-3II pathways","volume":"40","author":"Seif El-Din","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101534","article-title":"Metformin protects against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury and cell pyroptosis via TXNIP-NLRP3-GSDMD pathway","volume":"32","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2023.166664","article-title":"Metformin alleviates liver fibrosis in mice by enriching Lactobacillus sp. MF-1 in the gut microbiota","volume":"1869","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. basis Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2019.1674124","article-title":"Diversification of host bile acids by members of the gut microbiota","volume":"11","author":"Winston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00566-7","article-title":"Role of bile acids and their receptors in gastrointestinal and hepatic pathophysiology","volume":"19","author":"Fuchs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41061-8","article-title":"Hyodeoxycholic acid ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting RAN-mediated PPAR\u03b1 nucleus-cytoplasm shuttling","volume":"14","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.07.011","article-title":"Hyodeoxycholic acid alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through modulating the gut-liver axis","volume":"35","author":"Kuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"10215","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)33041-7","article-title":"Obeticholic acid for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: interim analysis from a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"394","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.01.013","article-title":"A randomized placebo-controlled trial of elafibranor in patients with primary biliary cholangitis and incomplete response to UDCA","volume":"74","author":"Schattenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.788558","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment restores gut microbiota and alleviates liver inflammation in non-alcoholic steatohepatitic mouse model","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-03036-5","article-title":"Metformin attenuates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis via AMPK signaling","volume":"19","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld-4248","article-title":"Enhancing metformin effects by adding gut microbiota modulators to ameliorate the metabolic status of obese, insulin-resistant hosts","volume":"31","author":"Seicaru","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Gastrointestin. Liver Dis."},{"issue":"7899","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04431-8","article-title":"Low-dose metformin targets the lysosomal AMPK pathway through PEN2","volume":"603","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.10.003","article-title":"The gut-liver axis in liver disease: pathophysiological basis for therapy","volume":"72","author":"Albillos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03327-1","article-title":"Gut-liver crosstalk in sepsis-induced liver injury","volume":"24","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16102","article-title":"Gut inflammation and adaptive immunity amplify acetaminophen toxicity in bowel and liver","volume":"38","author":"Alabbas","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2015.01.004","article-title":"Bile acid nuclear receptor FXR and digestive system diseases","volume":"5","author":"Ding","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9784081","DOI":"10.34133\/2022\/9784081","article-title":"Activation of pancreatic acinar FXR protects against pancreatitis via Osgin1-mediated restoration of efficient autophagy","volume":"2022","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2019.06.005","article-title":"Oleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid reverse palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance in human HepG2 cells via the reactive oxygen species\/JUN pathway","volume":"19","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genom. Proteom. Bioinform."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.109","article-title":"Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention","volume":"15","author":"Younossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.11.034","article-title":"Metformin modulates innate immune-mediated inflammation and early progression of NAFLD-associated hepatocellular carcinoma in zebrafish","volume":"70","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108560","article-title":"Metformin alleviates hepatic iron overload and ferroptosis through AMPK-ferroportin pathway in HFD-induced NAFLD","volume":"26","author":"Yue","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155214","article-title":"Gut microbiota metabolites in NAFLD pathogenesis and therapeutic implications","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.11.051","article-title":"Role of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology","volume":"51","author":"Gurung","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0165","first-page":"308","article-title":"The human gut microbiota: metabolism and perspective in obesity","volume":"9","author":"Gomes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0269-9","article-title":"Gut microbiota and human NAFLD: disentangling microbial signatures from metabolic disorders","volume":"17","author":"Aron-Wisnewsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14732","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c06212","article-title":"Structural insights into amelioration effects of quercetin and its glycoside derivatives on NAFLD in mice by modulating the gut microbiota and host metabolism","volume":"70","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14204334","article-title":"Capsaicin ameliorates high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE\u2212\/\u2212 mice via remodeling gut microbiota","volume":"14","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0185","article-title":"Berberrubine, a main metabolite of berberine, alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via modulating glucose and lipid metabolism and restoring gut microbiota","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0190","article-title":"The microbiota and its correlation with metabolites in the gut of mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-019-0097-6","article-title":"The flavonoid-rich Quzhou Fructus Aurantii extract modulates gut microbiota and prevents obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice","volume":"9","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3669","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39403-7","article-title":"Gut microbiota Turicibacter strains differentially modify bile acids and host lipids","volume":"14","author":"Lynch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30975","article-title":"Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG prevents liver fibrosis through inhibiting hepatic bile acid synthesis and enhancing bile acid excretion in mice","volume":"71","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314307","article-title":"Suppressed hepatic bile acid signalling despite elevated production of primary and secondary bile acids in NAFLD","volume":"67","author":"Jiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.11.083","article-title":"Obeticholic acid protects mice against lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury and inflammation","volume":"96","author":"Xiong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371574","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1371574","article-title":"Understanding the role of ursodeoxycholic acid and gut microbiome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: current evidence and perspectives","volume":"15","author":"Mao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01269-0","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived ursodeoxycholic acid from neonatal dairy calves improves intestinal homeostasis and colitis to attenuate extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infection","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0009-1","article-title":"Targeting autophagy in obesity: from pathophysiology to management","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2021.100973","article-title":"Autophagy in liver diseases: a review","volume":"82","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.04.005","article-title":"Defective hepatic autophagy in obesity promotes ER stress and causes insulin resistance","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2337\/db17-0223","article-title":"S-Nitrosoglutathione reductase dysfunction contributes to obesity-associated hepatic insulin resistance via regulating autophagy","volume":"67","author":"Qian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2718","article-title":"TFEB controls cellular lipid metabolism through a starvation-induced autoregulatory loop","volume":"15","author":"Settembre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576925004618?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576925004618?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]],"date-time":"2025-04-13T00:14:17Z","timestamp":1744503257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576925004618"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S1567576925004618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gut microbiota-derived UDCA enhanced by metformin inhibits FXR to activate autophagy against MCD diet-induced NAFLD in mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114471","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114471"}}