{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T01:14:56Z","timestamp":1788830096018,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009601","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PZ2024006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PZ2024006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T08:08:40Z","timestamp":1750493320000},"page":"115120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Quercetin attenuates the progression of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps by regulating macrophage M2 polarization and remodeling of nasal mucosa"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengyu","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingzhao","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.14592","article-title":"Global incidence and prevalence of chronic Rhinosinusitis: a systematic review","volume":"55","author":"Min","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12577","article-title":"Epidemiology of chronic rhinosinusitis: results from a cross-sectional survey in seven Chinese cities","volume":"70","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0015","first-page":"421","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis without\/with nasal polyps according to severity in Spain","volume":"62","author":"Mullol","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.03.002","article-title":"Chronic Rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: quality of life in the biologics era","volume":"10","author":"Mullol","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S279765","article-title":"Managing chronic Rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in the elderly: challenges and solutions","volume":"17","author":"Merrill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0030","first-page":"213","article-title":"Direct and indirect costs of adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"58","author":"Lourijsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.04.054","article-title":"The Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) with biologics","volume":"11","author":"Wautlet","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e19249","article-title":"Pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp and a prominent T2 endotype","volume":"9","author":"Shah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814229","article-title":"Unraveling the role of epithelial cells in the development of chronic Rhinosinusitis","volume":"24","author":"Ha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2010.02498.x","article-title":"Alternatively activated macrophages and impaired phagocytosis of S. Aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"66","author":"Krysko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.781","article-title":"Loss of SENP3 mediated the formation of nasal polyps in nasal mucosal inflammation by increasing alternative activated macrophage","volume":"11","author":"Bao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.04.019","article-title":"ALOX15(+) M2 macrophages contribute to epithelial remodeling in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"154","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27082494","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of quercetin: an approach to its mechanistic principle","volume":"27","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8030167","article-title":"Quercetin, inflammation and immunity","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2712323","article-title":"Quercetin, the Ingredient of Xihuang Pills, Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating Autophagy and Macrophage Polarization","volume":"27","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1159\/000530703","article-title":"Quercetin alleviates asthma-induced airway inflammation and remodeling through downregulating Periostin via blocking TGF-beta1\/Smad pathway","volume":"108","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0085","article-title":"Quercetin alleviates the progression of chronic Rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps by inhibiting nasal mucosal inflammation and epithelial apoptosis","author":"Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12132","article-title":"Resveratrol prevents development of eosinophilic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in a mouse model","volume":"68","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.08.009","article-title":"Features of airway remodeling and eosinophilic inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis: is the histopathology similar to asthma?","volume":"112","author":"Ponikau","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0100","first-page":"6632","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of bee venom in an allergic chronic rhinosinusitis mouse model","volume":"17","author":"Shin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12583","article-title":"Decrease of nasal airway resistance and alleviations of symptoms after balloon sinuplasty in patients with isolated chronic rhinosinusitis: a prospective, randomised clinical study","volume":"41","author":"Bizaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11071059","article-title":"JAK2 phosphorylation signals and their associated cytokines involved in chronic Rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and correlated with disease severity","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.10.010","article-title":"Endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis based on inflammatory and remodeling factors","volume":"151","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112236","article-title":"Macrophages in CRSwNP: do they deserve more attention?","volume":"134","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22218","article-title":"Deficiency in interleukin-10 production by M2 macrophages in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2021.1847083","article-title":"Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: mechanistic insights from targeting IL-4 and IL-13 via IL-4Ralpha inhibition with dupilumab","volume":"16","author":"Kariyawasam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110449","article-title":"Overexpression of AXL on macrophages associates with disease severity and recurrence in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"121","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110554","article-title":"Inhibition of IL-4\/STAT6\/IRF4 signaling reduces the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"121","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2023.2232113","article-title":"Epithelial cell dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis: the epithelial-mesenchymal transition","volume":"19","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/clt2.12059","article-title":"Involvement of the extracellular matrix proteins periostin and tenascin C in nasal polyp remodeling by regulating the expression of MMPs","volume":"11","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.15586\/aei.v50i4.527","article-title":"Correlation analysis of TGF-beta1, MMP-9, TIMP-1, IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-alpha in refractory chronic rhinosinusitis: a retrospective study","volume":"50","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7599","article-title":"Quercetin inhibits the amphiregulin\/EGFR signaling-mediated renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition and renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"issue":"119\u2013127","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0165","first-page":"e111","article-title":"Increased expression of CC chemokine ligand 18 in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"129","author":"Peterson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.02.016","article-title":"Mechanisms and pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"149","author":"Kato","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22430","article-title":"Hemokinin-1 stimulates C-C motif chemokine ligand 24 production in macrophages to enhance eosinophilic inflammation in nasal polyps","volume":"9","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0180","article-title":"Quercetin attenuates trauma-induced heterotopic ossification by tuning immune cell infiltration and related inflammatory insult","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-022-00355-3","article-title":"Quercetin as a JAK-STAT inhibitor: a potential role in solid tumors and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"27","author":"Zalpoor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-020-03187-w","article-title":"Suppression of autophagy through JAK2\/STAT3 contributes to the therapeutic action of rhynchophylline on asthma","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.09.030","article-title":"Appraisal of the real-world effectiveness of biologic therapies in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease","volume":"10","author":"Wangberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2025.2459929","article-title":"Biological therapy in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"21","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156658","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicine in chronic rhinosinusitis: mechanisms and postoperative recovery","volume":"141","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin23.526","article-title":"Traditional herbal medicine in the treatment of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic review","author":"Choulakis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rhinology"}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576925011105?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576925011105?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T03:21:42Z","timestamp":1786159302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576925011105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S1567576925011105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Quercetin attenuates the progression of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps by regulating macrophage M2 polarization and remodeling of nasal mucosa","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115120","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115120"}}