{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:29:55Z","timestamp":1787318995249,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["771200F00121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["771200F00121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T12:36:25Z","timestamp":1755952585000},"page":"115402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Research progress on the interaction of artemisinin and its derivatives with TLR4 receptors in neuroinflammation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Da","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouyan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiao","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiling","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuting","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keying","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lefan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisheng","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107658","article-title":"The birth of artemisinin","volume":"216","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0010","article-title":"Therapeutical utilization and repurposing of artemisinin and its derivatives: a narrative review","volume":"7","author":"Guan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Biol (Weinh)."},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0015","first-page":"599","article-title":"Research Progress on artemisinin and its derivatives","volume":"53","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Chin. Materia Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115972","article-title":"Artemisinin protects dopaminergic neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity in a mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"170","author":"Lim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1515\/tnsci-2020-0136","article-title":"Artesunate attenuates traumatic brain injury-induced impairments in rats","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.102069","article-title":"Artemether confers neuroprotection on cerebral ischemic injury through stimulation of the Erk1\/2-P90rsk-CREB signaling pathway","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6354","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116354","article-title":"Artemisinin attenuates amyloid-induced brain inflammation and memory impairments by modulating TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling","volume":"23","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9401","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.1982311","article-title":"Dihydroartemisinin alleviates morphine-induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 cells","volume":"12","author":"Guan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15302","article-title":"Artemisinin inhibits TLR4 signaling by targeting co-receptor MD2 in microglial BV-2 cells and prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced blood-brain barrier leakage in mice","volume":"157","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.041","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and the control of immunity","volume":"180","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03656-y","article-title":"TLR4 and CD14 trafficking and its influence on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory signaling","volume":"78","author":"Ciesielska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0060","first-page":"155","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in multiple sclerosis","volume":"336","author":"Racke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02496-w","article-title":"The role of toll-like receptors and neuroinflammation in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Heidari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577362","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"348","author":"Momtazmanesh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.09.034","article-title":"Multiscale drug screening for cardiac fibrosis identifies MD2 as a therapeutic target","volume":"187","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116894","article-title":"Artemisinin attenuated ischemic stroke induced pyroptosis by inhibiting ROS\/TXNIP\/NLRP3\/Caspase-1 signaling pathway","volume":"177","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-041015-055340","article-title":"Neuroimmunity: physiology and pathology","volume":"34","author":"Talbot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.024","article-title":"Perivascular spaces and their role in neuroinflammation","volume":"110","author":"Ineichen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-023-01155-w","article-title":"The neuroimmune axis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Jorfi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8421","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228421","article-title":"Neurodegeneration and inflammation-An interesting interplay in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Marogianni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9486","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179486","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of Neuroimmune crosstalk in the pathogenesis of stroke","volume":"22","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110332","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and peripheral immunity: focus on ischemic stroke","volume":"120","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2022.0912","article-title":"\u03b4-opioid receptor, microglia and neuroinflammation","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201709069","article-title":"Microglia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"217","author":"Hansen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-9913-8_13","article-title":"Microglia in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"1175","author":"Ho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2022.04.011","article-title":"Protective effects of cannabinoid type 2 receptor activation against microglia Overactivation and neuronal Pyroptosis in Sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"493","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X24500642","article-title":"The potential role of Artemisinins against neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"52","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14063","article-title":"Artemisinin exerts a protective effect in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease by inhibiting microglial activation via the TLR4\/Myd88\/NF-KB pathway","volume":"29","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12066","article-title":"Antimalarial drug artemisinin extenuates amyloidogenesis and neuroinflammation in APPswe\/PS1dE9 transgenic mice via inhibition of nuclear factor-\u03baB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"19","author":"Shi","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.07.087","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of artemisinin on uric acid-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation through blocking interaction between NLRP3 and NEK7","volume":"517","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035125","article-title":"Artemisinin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-stimulated proinflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-\u03baB pathway in microglia cells","volume":"7","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-023-01331-2","article-title":"Oxidative stress and neuroimmune proteins in a mouse model of autism","volume":"28","author":"Uddin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40709-021-00137-6","article-title":"Artemisinin attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells","volume":"28","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biol. Res. (Thessalon)."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.50364","article-title":"Dihydroartemisinin: a potential natural anticancer drug","volume":"17","author":"Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24091672","article-title":"Design, synthesis, and mechanism of dihydroartemisinin\u2212Coumarin hybrids as potential anti-Neuroinflammatory agents","volume":"24","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106949","article-title":"Dihydroartemisinin prevents dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitisthrough inhibition of the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and p38 MAPK signaling","volume":"88","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0185","article-title":"Arteannuin B, a sesquiterpene lactone from Artemisia annua, attenuates inflammatory response by inhibiting the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2D3-mediated NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"124","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.10.041","article-title":"Artemisinin B improves learning and memory impairment in AD dementia mice by suppressing Neuroinflammation","volume":"395","author":"Qiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-015-0172-7","article-title":"Artesunate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Proinflammatory responses by suppressing TLR4, MyD88 expression, and NF-\u03baB activation in microglial cells","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2014.07.007","article-title":"A semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, artesunate inhibits prostaglandin E2 production in LPS\/IFN\u03b3-activated BV2 microglia","volume":"22","author":"Okorji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6426","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9543-1","article-title":"Antimalarial drug Artemether inhibits Neuroinflammation in BV2 microglia through Nrf2-dependent mechanisms","volume":"53","author":"Okorji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862437","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1862437","article-title":"Artemether activation of AMPK\/GSK3\u03b2(ser9)\/Nrf2 signaling confers neuroprotection towards \u03b2-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in 3xTg Alzheimer\u2019s mouse model","volume":"2019","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-013-8402-y","article-title":"TLR2 and TLR4 in autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive review","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-00597-x","article-title":"Deletion of TLR4 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2013.97","article-title":"Recognition of lipopolysaccharide pattern by TLR4 complexes","volume":"45","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1007081","article-title":"Activation of TLR4 by viral glycoproteins: a double-edged sword?","volume":"13","author":"Halajian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.735","article-title":"Heat shock protein 40 of Streptococcus pneumoniae induces immune response of human dendritic cells via TLR4-dependent p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immun. Inflamm. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1159\/000481668","article-title":"High uric acid-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular epithelial cells via the TLR4\/NF-kB signaling pathway","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI126428","article-title":"Ferroptotic cell death and TLR4\/Trif signaling initiate neutrophil recruitment after heart transplantation","volume":"129","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1276512","article-title":"Tolerogenic dendritic cells and TLR4\/IRAK4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in allergic rhinitis","volume":"14","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-024-00527-9","article-title":"Renoprotective effect of a novel combination of 6-gingerol and metformin in high-fat diet\/streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats via targeting miRNA-146a, miRNA-223, TLR4\/TRAF6\/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and HIF-1\u03b1","volume":"57","author":"Aboismaiel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2023.05.013","article-title":"Dihydroartemisinin ameliorates innate inflammatory response induced by Streptococcussuis-derived muramidase-released protein via inactivation of TLR4-dependent NF-\u03baB signaling","volume":"13","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Anal."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4331","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20184331","article-title":"Molecular docking: shifting paradigms in drug discovery","volume":"20","author":"Pinzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2008.11.012","article-title":"Chaperones and transport proteins regulate TLR4 trafficking and activation","volume":"214","author":"Saitoh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867328666210811145043","article-title":"LPS\/TLR4 pathways in breast Cancer: insights into cell signaling","volume":"29","author":"Afroz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1762-5","article-title":"Co-operation of TLR4 and raft proteins in LPS-induced pro-inflammatory signaling","volume":"72","author":"P\u0142\u00f3ciennikowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.04.110","article-title":"Inhibition of Neuroinflammation by AIBP: spinal effects upon facilitated pain states","volume":"23","author":"Woller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12639","article-title":"LPS or ethanol triggers clathrin- and rafts\/caveolae-dependent endocytosis of TLR4 in cortical astrocytes","volume":"129","author":"Pascual-Lucas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-024-05424-8","article-title":"Tropomodulin1 exacerbates inflammatory response in macrophages by negatively regulating LPS-induced TLR4 endocytosis","volume":"81","author":"Geng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.716469","article-title":"NF-\u03baB: at the Borders of autoimmunity and inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Barnabei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-12-86","article-title":"The complexity of NF-\u03baB signaling in inflammation and cancer","volume":"12","author":"Hoesel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13086","article-title":"Baicalin mitigates cognitive impairment and protects neurons from microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasomes and TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"25","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.117712","article-title":"Qingda granule alleviates cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury by inhibiting TLR4\/NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 signaling in microglia","volume":"324","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b20-00604","article-title":"Artesunate provides neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via the TLR-4\/NF-\u03baB pathway in rats","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2018.01.015","article-title":"Recent progress in the discovery of myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2) modulators for inflammatory diseases","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1538-9","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin attenuate microglia inflammatory response via TLR4\/NF-kB pathway","volume":"16","author":"Zusso","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110037","article-title":"Dihydromyricetin suppresses inflammatory injury in microglial cells to improve neurological behaviors of Alzheimer\u2019s disease mice via the TLR4\/MD2 signal","volume":"118","author":"Pei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2306399120","article-title":"Disulfiram blocks inflammatory TLR4 signaling by targeting MD2","volume":"120","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2021.105107","article-title":"Structure-activity relationship study of dihydroartemisinin C-10 hemiacetal derivatives as toll-like receptor 4 antagonists","volume":"114","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"issue":"7242","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07830","article-title":"The structural basis of lipopolysaccharide recognition by the TLR4-MD2 complex","volume":"458","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E884","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1525639113","article-title":"TLR4\/MD2 activation by a synthetic agonist with no similarity to LPS","volume":"113","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.08.002","article-title":"Crystal structure of the TLR4-MD2 complex with bound endotoxin antagonist Eritoran","volume":"130","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2023.105553","article-title":"Downregulation of Nogo-B ameliorates cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury in mice through regulating microglia polarization via TLR4\/NF-kappaB pathway","volume":"167","author":"Gong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-8","article-title":"Toll-like 4 receptor inhibitor TAK-242 decreases neuroinflammation in rat brain frontal cortex after stress","volume":"11","author":"G\u00e1rate","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.240","article-title":"TAK-242, an antagonist for toll-like receptor 4, protects against acute cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury in mice","volume":"35","author":"Hua","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576925013931?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576925013931?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T13:47:42Z","timestamp":1772891262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576925013931"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S1567576925013931"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Research progress on the interaction of artemisinin and its derivatives with TLR4 receptors in neuroinflammation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115402","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115402"}}