{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T02:57:05Z","timestamp":1790564225906,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82473334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82473334"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:22:15Z","timestamp":1758068535000},"page":"115547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Oncolytic virus therapy for glioma: current clinical trials and overcoming key obstacles"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Xiaoke","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanxi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangxue","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0005","article-title":"CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2016-2020","volume":"25","author":"Ostrom","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052529","article-title":"Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future","volume":"25","author":"Obrador","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-1474","article-title":"Diffuse Glioma Heterogeneity and Its Therapeutic Implications","volume":"11","author":"Nicholson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2019.12.003","article-title":"Immunotherapy for Malignant Glioma: Current Status and Future Directions","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4663","article-title":"Oncolytic viruses: a new class of immunotherapy drugs","volume":"14","author":"Kaufman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2020.02.022","article-title":"Turning Cold into Hot: Firing up the Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"6","author":"Duan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cancer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176913","article-title":"Immunogenic cell death-based oncolytic virus therapy: A sharp sword of tumor immunotherapy","volume":"981","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2994","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12851","article-title":"Targeting immunogenic cell death in cancer","volume":"14","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1716435","article-title":"Recurrent Glioblastoma Treated with Recombinant Poliovirus","volume":"379","author":"Desjardins","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01897-x","article-title":"Intratumoral oncolytic herpes virus G47\u2206 for residual or recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 2 trial","volume":"28","author":"Todo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0055","first-page":"667","article-title":"Teserpaturev\/G47\u0394: First Approval","volume":"36","author":"Frampton","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioDrugs Clin Immunother Biopharm Gene Ther."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2019.1694000","article-title":"DNX-2401: an investigational drug for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma","volume":"28","author":"Philbrick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.3390\/v15112262","article-title":"Tumor Tropism of DNA Viruses for Oncolytic Virotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Enow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-010570","article-title":"Oncolytic VSV-IL-2 has enhanced anticancer vaccination adjuvant abilities","volume":"13","author":"Mullins-Dansereau","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2015.48.8.076","article-title":"Naturally occurring reoviruses for human cancer therapy","volume":"48","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6299","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61297-w","article-title":"The PARP inhibitor talazoparib synergizes with reovirus to induce cancer killing and tumour control in vivo in mouse models","volume":"16","author":"Kyula-Currie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-025-02617-3","article-title":"An oncolytic adenovirus targeting SLAMF7 demonstrates anti-myeloma efficacy","volume":"39","author":"Stewart","year":"2025","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02284-24","article-title":"METTL3 depletion blocks vesicular stomatitis virus replication in pancreatic cancer cells through the establishment of an intrinsic antiviral state","volume":"99","author":"Catacalos-Goad","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-025-02672-3","article-title":"Development of attenuated Orf virus as a safe oncolytic viral vector for nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment","volume":"22","author":"Yamada","year":"2025","journal-title":"Virol J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1006\/scbi.2000.0336","article-title":"Interactions between adenovirus proteins and the p53 pathway: the development of ONYX-015","volume":"10","author":"McCormick","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13643","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113643","article-title":"Interplay between Autophagy and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1: ICP34.5, One of the Main Actors","volume":"23","author":"Ripa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00041-25","article-title":"TRIM56 enhances adenoviral E1A steady state to improve oncolytic adenovirus therapy efficacy","volume":"99","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039292","article-title":"The hTERT Promoter Enhances the Antitumor Activity of an Oncolytic Adenovirus under a Hypoxic Microenvironment","volume":"7","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0120","article-title":"Oncolytic viruses-modulated immunogenic cell death, apoptosis and autophagy linking to virotherapy and cancer immune response","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.currproblcancer.2020.100639","article-title":"Oncolytic virotherapy: Challenges and solutions","volume":"45","author":"Goradel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cancer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.04.020","article-title":"Lighting a Fire in the Tumor Microenvironment Using Oncolytic Immunotherapy","volume":"31","author":"Achard","year":"2018","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0135","article-title":"Sulfate Radical Based In Situ Vaccine Boosts Systemic Antitumor Immunity via Concurrent Activation of Necroptosis and STING Pathway","volume":"36","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Mater Deerfield Beach Fla."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-022-02564-4","article-title":"Cell type-specific response of colon cancer tumor cell lines to oncolytic HSV-1 virotherapy in hypoxia","volume":"22","author":"Shayan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001746","article-title":"Characterization of a dynamic self-replicating mammalian expression vector based on the circular ssDNA genome of beak and feather disease virus","volume":"103","author":"de Moor","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gen Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355566","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1355566","article-title":"Synergistic antitumor immune response mediated by paclitaxel-conjugated nanohybrid oncolytic adenovirus with dendritic cell therapy","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2023.09.012","article-title":"Integrating innate and adaptive immunity in oncolytic virus therapy","volume":"10","author":"DePeaux","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Cancer."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-008880","article-title":"Oncolytic herpes simplex virus expressing IL-2 controls glioblastoma growth and improves survival","volume":"12","author":"Bommareddy","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-004167","article-title":"Remodeling the tumor microenvironment by oncolytic viruses: beyond oncolysis of tumor cells for cancer treatment","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-20-0748","article-title":"Macrophages Mediate the Antitumor Effects of the Oncolytic Virus HSV1716 in Mammary Tumors","volume":"20","author":"Kwan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2008.74","article-title":"Enhanced oncolytic potency of vesicular stomatitis virus through vector-mediated inhibition of NK and NKT cells","volume":"16","author":"Altomonte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2022.10.003","article-title":"The emerging field of oncolytic virus-based cancer immunotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Cancer."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12061699","article-title":"Optimizing Oncolytic Viral Design to Enhance Antitumor Efficacy: Progress and Challenges","volume":"12","author":"Chaurasiya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0190","first-page":"00570","article-title":"Oncolytic HSV and cancer drug interactions: Current clinical status and future directions","volume":"S1525-0016","author":"V\u00e1zquez-Arregu\u00edn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Ther J Am Soc Gene Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-022-01664-z","article-title":"Improving cancer immunotherapy by rationally combining oncolytic virus with modulators targeting key signaling pathways","volume":"21","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Cancer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2019.03.001","article-title":"Oncolytic Virus-Based Cytokine Expression to Improve Immune Activity in Brain and Solid Tumors","volume":"13","author":"Pearl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Ther Oncolytics."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9020400","article-title":"Oncolytic Virus Encoding a Master Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin 12 in Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2025.02.006","article-title":"HSV-1 as a gene delivery platform for cancer gene therapy","volume":"46","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-008025","article-title":"Cytokine-armed oncolytic herpes simplex viruses: a game-changer in cancer immunotherapy?","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11548","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46100686","article-title":"Interleukin-12 Delivery Strategies and Advances in Tumor Immunotherapy","volume":"46","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-010675","article-title":"Interleukin-12 encoded by the oncolytic virus VSV-GP enhances therapeutic antitumor efficacy by inducing CD8+ T-cell responses with a long-lived effector cell phenotype","volume":"13","author":"Hatami","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer."},{"issue":"8062","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08717-5","article-title":"Oncolytic virus VG161 in refractory hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"641","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28108","article-title":"VG161 activates systemic antitumor immunity in pancreatic cancer models as a novel oncolytic herpesvirus expressing multiple immunomodulatory transgenes","volume":"95","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2024.216760","article-title":"Improved antitumor effects elicited by an oncolytic HSV-1 expressing a novel B7H3nb\/CD3 BsAb","volume":"588","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302289","article-title":"HSV1716 injection into the brain adjacent to tumour following surgical resection of high-grade glioma: safety data and long-term survival","volume":"11","author":"Harrow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301184","article-title":"Toxicity evaluation of replication-competent herpes simplex virus (ICP 34.5 null mutant 1716) in patients with recurrent malignant glioma","volume":"7","author":"Rampling","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301664","article-title":"The potential for efficacy of the modified (ICP 34.5(-)) herpes simplex virus HSV1716 following intratumoural injection into human malignant glioma: a proof of principle study","volume":"9","author":"Papanastassiou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/onco5010001","article-title":"Intratumoral\/Peritumoral Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Mutant HSV1716 in Pediatric Patients with Refractory or Recurrent High-Grade Gliomas: A Report of the Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium","volume":"5","author":"Mochizuki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Onco"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2008.228","article-title":"Phase Ib trial of mutant herpes simplex virus G207 inoculated pre-and post-tumor resection for recurrent GBM","volume":"17","author":"Markert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Ther J Am Soc Gene Ther."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301205","article-title":"Conditionally replicating herpes simplex virus mutant, G207 for the treatment of malignant glioma: results of a phase I trial","volume":"7","author":"Markert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4119","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31262-y","article-title":"A phase I\/II study of triple-mutated oncolytic herpes virus G47\u2206 in patients with progressive glioblastoma","volume":"13","author":"Todo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"7985","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06623-2","article-title":"Clinical trial links oncolytic immunoactivation to survival in glioblastoma","volume":"623","author":"Ling","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"Supplement_5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v64","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noad179.0253","article-title":"CTIM-13. phase i clinical trial of oncolytic hsv-1 m032, a second-generation virus armed to expressed il-12, for the treatment of adult patients with recurrent or progressive malignant glioMA","volume":"25","author":"Estevez-Ordonez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2004.07.021","article-title":"A phase I open-label, dose-escalation, multi-institutional trial of injection with an E1B-Attenuated adenovirus, ONYX-015, into the peritumoral region of recurrent malignant gliomas, in the adjuvant setting","volume":"10","author":"Chiocca","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Ther J Am Soc Gene Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9299","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53041-7","article-title":"Non-secreting IL12 expressing oncolytic adenovirus Ad-TD-nsIL12 in recurrent high-grade glioma: a phase I trial","volume":"15","author":"Ning","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6934","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62260-5","article-title":"The oncolytic adenovirus Ad-TD-nsIL12 in primary or progressive pediatric IDH wild-type diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma results of two phase I clinical trials","volume":"16","author":"Qian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00245-X","article-title":"Neural stem cell delivery of an oncolytic adenovirus in newly diagnosed malignant glioma: a first-in-human, phase 1, dose-escalation trial","volume":"22","author":"Fares","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2202028","article-title":"Oncolytic DNX-2401 Virus for Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma","volume":"386","author":"G\u00e1llego P\u00e9rez-Larraya","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-3324","article-title":"Convection Enhanced Delivery of the Oncolytic Adenovirus Delta24-RGD in Patients with Recurrent GBM: A Phase I Clinical Trial Including Correlative Studies","volume":"28","author":"van Putten","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res Off J Am Assoc Cancer Res."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.75.8219","article-title":"Phase I Study of DNX-2401 (Delta-24-RGD) Oncolytic Adenovirus: Replication and Immunotherapeutic Effects in Recurrent Malignant Glioma","volume":"36","author":"Lang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0410","first-page":"ii120","article-title":"P17.15.A thank phase i trial of dnx-2440 oncolytic adenovirus in patients with first or second recurrence of glioblastoma: preliminary results","volume":"25","author":"Gallego Perez-Larraya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2017.08.016","article-title":"Oncolytic H-1 Parvovirus Shows Safety and Signs of Immunogenic Activity in a First Phase I\/IIa Glioblastoma Trial","volume":"25","author":"Geletneky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Ther J Am Soc Gene Ther."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bib796","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(23)00031-7","article-title":"Recombinant polio-rhinovirus immunotherapy for recurrent pediatric high-grade glioma: a phase 1b trial","volume":"7","author":"Thompson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"Suppl. 6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vi3","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nou249.11","article-title":"P12A phase i trial of intravenous oncolytic reolysin\u00ae in patients with brain tumours","volume":"16","author":"Jebar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2014.21","article-title":"Phase 1 Clinical Trial of Intratumoral Reovirus Infusion for the Treatment of Recurrent Malignant Gliomas in Adults","volume":"22","author":"Kicielinski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mt.6300403","article-title":"A phase I trial of intratumoral administration of reovirus in patients with histologically confirmed recurrent malignant gliomas","volume":"16","author":"Forsyth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Ther J Am Soc Gene Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2005.08.016","article-title":"Phase I\/II trial of intravenous NDV-HUJ oncolytic virus in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"13","author":"Freeman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Ther J Am Soc Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-4615-1_19","article-title":"The Application of HSV-1 in Investigating Neurological Diseases","volume":"2940","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol Clifton NJ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-7230-7_4","article-title":"Oncolytic Virotherapy by HSV","volume":"1045","author":"Watanabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0305","article-title":"Nanobugs as Drugs: Bacterial Derived Nanomagnets Enhance Tumor Targeting and Oncolytic Activity of HSV-1 Virus","volume":"18","author":"Howard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Small Weinh Bergstr Ger."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.431","article-title":"Selective in vitro replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ICP34.5 null mutants in primary human CNS tumours--evaluation of a potentially effective clinical therapy","volume":"74","author":"McKie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Cancer."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0995-938","article-title":"Attenuated multi-mutated herpes simplex virus-1 for the treatment of malignant gliomas","volume":"1","author":"Mineta","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-2636","article-title":"Immune Activity and Response Differences of Oncolytic Viral Therapy in Recurrent Glioblastoma: Gene Expression Analyses of a Phase IB Study","volume":"28","author":"Miller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res Off J Am Assoc Cancer Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13930","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32353-x","article-title":"Enhanced Sensitivity of Patient-Derived Pediatric High-Grade Brain Tumor Xenografts to Oncolytic HSV-1 Virotherapy Correlates with Nectin-1 Expression","volume":"8","author":"Friedman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024947","article-title":"Oncolytic HSV-1 G207 Immunovirotherapy for Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas","volume":"384","author":"Friedman","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2366","article-title":"IL-12 family cytokines: immunological playmakers","volume":"13","author":"Vignali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E5","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.11.FOCUS20844","article-title":"Safety and interim survival data after intracranial administration of M032, a genetically engineered oncolytic HSV-1 expressing IL-12, in pet dogs with sporadic gliomas","volume":"50","author":"Omar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14981","article-title":"Triple-mutated oncolytic herpes virus for treating both fast- and slow-growing tumors","volume":"112","author":"Fukuhara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"OF4","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-RW2022-139","volume":"12","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.03.028","article-title":"Preclinical Toxicology of rQNestin34.5v.2: An Oncolytic Herpes Virus with Transcriptional Regulation of the ICP34.5 Neurovirulence Gene","volume":"17","author":"Chiocca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2832","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-3227","article-title":"An oncolytic HSV-1 mutant expressing ICP34.5 under control of a nestin promoter increases survival of animals even when symptomatic from a brain tumor","volume":"65","author":"Kambara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0365","article-title":"Enhanced therapeutic efficacy for glioblastoma immunotherapy with an oncolytic herpes simplex virus armed with anti-PD-1 antibody and IL-12","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Ther Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2017.02.001","article-title":"Pre-clinical Assessment of C134, a Chimeric Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus, in Mice and Non-human Primates","volume":"5","author":"Cassady","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Ther Oncolytics."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2017.10.005","article-title":"Chimeric HCMV\/HSV-1 and \u0394\u03b3134.5 oncolytic herpes simplex virus elicit immune mediated antigliomal effect and antitumor memory","volume":"11","author":"Ghonime","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301377","article-title":"Clinical research results with dl1520 (Onyx-015), a replication-selective adenovirus for the treatment of cancer: what have we learned?","volume":"8","author":"Kirn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2147\/OV.S196403","article-title":"Preclinical And Clinical Development Of Oncolytic Adenovirus For The Treatment Of Malignant Glioma","volume":"8","author":"Kiyokawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncolytic Virotherapy."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/95.9.652","article-title":"Preclinical characterization of the antiglioma activity of a tropism-enhanced adenovirus targeted to the retinoblastoma pathway","volume":"95","author":"Fueyo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst."},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2021.05.013","article-title":"Oncolytic viruses as a promising therapeutic strategy against the detrimental health impacts of air pollution: The case of glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"86","author":"Kazemi Shariat Panahi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2022.108193","article-title":"Clinical advances in oncolytic virotherapy for pediatric brain tumors","volume":"239","author":"Ghajar-Rahimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00061","article-title":"DNX-2401, an Oncolytic Virus, for the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas: A Case Report","volume":"8","author":"Tejada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2023.2245326","article-title":"Oncolytic virotherapies for pediatric tumors","volume":"23","author":"Gross","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx507","article-title":"Phase I Trial of DNX-2401 for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Newly Diagnosed in Pediatric Patients","volume":"83","author":"Tejada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29335","article-title":"TS-2021, a third-generation oncolytic adenovirus that carried Ki67 promoter, TGF-\u03b22 5\u2019UTR, and IL-15 against experimental glioblastoma","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Virol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nly045","article-title":"Poliovirus Receptor (CD155) Expression in Pediatric Brain Tumors Mediates Oncolysis of Medulloblastoma and Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma","volume":"77","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.12.PEDS23404","article-title":"The safety and accuracy of intratumoral catheter placement to infuse viral immunotherapies in children with malignant brain tumors: a multi-institutional study","volume":"33","author":"Barkley","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00879-18","article-title":"Engineered Oncolytic Poliovirus PVSRIPO Subverts MDA5-Dependent Innate Immune Responses in Cancer Cells","volume":"92","author":"Walton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6803","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.12.6803","article-title":"Intergeneric poliovirus recombinants for the treatment of malignant glioma","volume":"97","author":"Gromeier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2015.05.007","article-title":"Cytotoxic and immunogenic mechanisms of recombinant oncolytic poliovirus","volume":"13","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/93.12.903","article-title":"Reovirus as an oncolytic agent against experimental human malignant gliomas","volume":"93","author":"Wilcox","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst."},{"issue":"422","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aam7577","article-title":"Intravenous delivery of oncolytic reovirus to brain tumor patients immunologically primes for subsequent checkpoint blockade","volume":"10","author":"Samson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-023-12521-4","article-title":"Stability and safety key factors of the oncolytic protoparvovirus H-1 from manufacturing to human application","volume":"107","author":"Frehtman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2008.31","article-title":"Selective oncolytic effect of an attenuated Newcastle disease virus (NDV-HUJ) in lung tumors","volume":"15","author":"Yaacov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11101260","article-title":"Oncolytic Virotherapy for Melanoma Brain Metastases, a Potential New Treatment Paradigm?","volume":"11","author":"Soldozy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2016.07.007","article-title":"Oncolytic herpes simplex virus interactions with the host immune system","volume":"21","author":"Saha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00099-20","article-title":"The Race between Host Antiviral Innate Immunity and the Immune Evasion Strategies of Herpes Simplex Virus 1","volume":"84","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev MMBR."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0550","article-title":"A modified HSV-1 oncolytic virus reconciles antiviral and antitumor immunity via promoting IFN\u03b2 expression and inhibiting PKR","volume":"274","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3666","article-title":"The movers and shapers in immune privilege of the CNS","volume":"18","author":"Engelhardt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"issue":"2 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0560","article-title":"Intracerebral infusate distribution by convection-enhanced delivery in humans with malignant gliomas: descriptive effects of target anatomy and catheter positioning","volume":"60","author":"Sampson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17636","DOI":"10.1039\/D5NR00745C","article-title":"An optical\/magnetic imaging nanoplatform-mediated convection-enhanced delivery of oxaliplatin for glioma treatment","volume":"17","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0570","first-page":"noaf039","article-title":"Phase 1 dose-escalation trial using convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of radio-immunotheranostic 124I-Omburtamab for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG)","author":"Souweidane","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.70054","article-title":"A Multicenter Phase II Trial of Nimustine Hydrochloride Administered via Convection-Enhanced Delivery in Children With DIPG","volume":"116","author":"Saito","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0580","author":"Zhou"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1021\/nn504905q","article-title":"et al.,Polymeric nanoparticles for nonviral gene therapy extend brain tumor survival in vivo","volume":"9","author":"Mangraviti","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS nano"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0590","first-page":"2123","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-006558","article-title":"Oncolytic adenovirus serotype 35 mediated tumor growth suppression via efficient activation of antitumor immunity","volume":"13","author":"Ono","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3463","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-3721","article-title":"Measles oncolytic virus as an immunotherapy for recurrent\/refractory pediatric medulloblastoma and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor: results from PNOC005","volume":"31","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res Off J Am Assoc Cancer Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-024-03815-1","article-title":"Dose-escalation, tolerability, and efficacy of intratumoral and subcutaneous injection of hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E) against chemotherapy-resistant malignant pleural mesothelioma: a clinical trial","volume":"73","author":"Sakura","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother CII."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-12-99","article-title":"Phase I\/IIa study of intratumoral\/intracerebral or intravenous\/intracerebral administration of Parvovirus H-1 (ParvOryx) in patients with progressive primary or recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: ParvOryx01 protocol","volume":"12","author":"Geletneky","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Cancer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2024.110033","article-title":"Oncolytic viral therapy for gliomas: Advances in the mechanisms and approaches to delivery","volume":"593","author":"Romanishin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0620","first-page":"66","article-title":"Stem Cell Delivery of Oncolytic Adenovirus DNX-2401 Following Surgical Resection for the Treatment of Glioblastoma in a Murine Model","author":"Gopakumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2018.12.007","article-title":"Effective Effectors: How T cells Access and Infiltrate the Central Nervous System","volume":"197","author":"Congdon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031808","article-title":"Tumor-associated macrophages\/microglia in glioblastoma oncolytic virotherapy: a double-edged sword","volume":"23","author":"Blitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-024-01443-8","article-title":"Oncolytic virus and tumor-associated macrophage interactions in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"24","author":"Lecoultre","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-4108-8_6","article-title":"CRISPR-Mediated Viral Gene Knockout to Investigate Viral Evasion of Antiviral Innate Immunity","volume":"2854","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol Clifton NJ."},{"issue":"Supplement_2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0650","first-page":"ii120","article-title":"P17.14.B phase i trial of dnx-2401 oncolytic adenovirus combined with a short course of dose-dense temozolomide for recurrent glioblastoma","volume":"25","author":"Gallego Perez-Larraya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02347-y","article-title":"Oncolytic DNX-2401 virotherapy plus pembrolizumab in recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 1\/2 trial","volume":"29","author":"Nassiri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"issue":"Supplement_5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v66","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noad179.0260","article-title":"CTIM-20. systemic immune correlates associated with long-term survival after therapeutic adenovirus (dnx2401) plus interferon gamma for recurrent glioblastoma effect trial (target): a randomized phase 1 trial","volume":"25","author":"Ene","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2014.22","article-title":"A phase 1 trial of oncolytic HSV-1, G207, given in combination with radiation for recurrent GBM demonstrates safety and radiographic responses","volume":"22","author":"Markert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Ther J Am Soc Gene Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nly110","article-title":"MGMT: Immunohistochemical Detection in High-Grade Astrocytomas","volume":"78","author":"Lipp","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2017.02.002","article-title":"The Sequence of Delta24-RGD and TMZ Administration in Malignant Glioma Affects the Role of CD8+T Cell Anti-tumor Activity","volume":"5","author":"Kleijn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Ther Oncolytics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2023.07.005","article-title":"Oncolytic virotherapy with intratumoral injection of vaccinia virus TG6002 and 5-fluorocytosine administration in dogs with malignant tumors","volume":"30","author":"B\u00e9guin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Ther Oncolytics."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(03)00170-3","article-title":"The cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks: defining the sensors and mediators","volume":"13","author":"Petrini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2017.00153","article-title":"Combining Oncolytic Adenovirus with Radiation\u2014A Paradigm for the Future of Radiosensitization","volume":"7","author":"O\u2019Cathail","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Oncol [Internet]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M409934200","article-title":"The adenovirus E4orf6 protein inhibits DNA double strand break repair and radiosensitizes human tumor cells in an E1B-55K-independent manner","volume":"280","author":"Hart","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4565","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00042-09","article-title":"Temporal regulation of the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex during adenovirus infection","volume":"83","author":"Karen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2013.09.018","article-title":"Abscopal effects of radiation therapy: a clinical review for the radiobiologist","volume":"356","author":"Siva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5778","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-6441","article-title":"Low-dose radiation enhances survivin-mediated virotherapy against malignant glioma stem cells","volume":"68","author":"Nandi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI163447","article-title":"Immune checkpoint blockade in glioblastoma: from tumor heterogeneity to personalized treatment","volume":"133","author":"Arrieta","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.32604\/or.2024.055746","article-title":"Oncolytic adenovirus H101 enhances the anti-tumor effects of PD-1 blockade via CD47 downregulation in tumor cells","volume":"33","author":"Qiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oncol Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noae190","article-title":"Imaging PD-L1 in the brain-Journey from the lab to the clinic","volume":"27","author":"Dar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0725","first-page":"610","article-title":"Immuno-PET in Pontine Glioma: More Than Meets the Eye?","volume":"59","author":"Oyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nucl Med Off Publ Soc Nucl Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1158\/2767-9764.CRC-22-0434","article-title":"Immuno-PET Imaging of CD69 Visualizes T-Cell Activation and Predicts Survival Following Immunotherapy in Murine Glioblastoma","volume":"3","author":"Nisnboym","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.89206","article-title":"[89Zr]-CD8 ImmunoPET imaging of glioblastoma multiforme response to combination oncolytic viral and checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy reveals CD8 infiltration differential changes in preclinical models","volume":"14","author":"Gallegos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02229","article-title":"Long-Term Outcomes With Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab or Nivolumab Alone Versus Ipilimumab in Patients With Advanced Melanoma","volume":"40","author":"Wolchok","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3874","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58911-2","article-title":"IDH status dictates oHSV mediated metabolic reprogramming affecting anti-tumor immunity","volume":"16","author":"Sahu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.11.036","article-title":"A Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Organoid Model and Biobank Recapitulates Inter- and Intra-tumoral Heterogeneity","volume":"180","author":"Jacob","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.11.010","article-title":"Patient-derived glioblastoma organoids as real-time avatars for assessing responses to clinical CAR-T cell therapy","volume":"32","author":"Logun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15050658","article-title":"Liquid Biopsy-Derived Tumor Biomarkers for Clinical Applications in Glioblastoma","volume":"15","author":"de Lima","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0765","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recombinant oncolytic virus NDV-anti-VEGFR2 enhances radiotherapy sensitivity in NSCLC by targeting VEGF signaling and impairing DNA repair","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.00343","article-title":"Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Global Phase III Trial of Talimogene Laherparepvec Combined With Pembrolizumab for Advanced Melanoma","volume":"41","author":"Chesney","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5694","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115694","article-title":"Advances in Anti-Cancer Drug Development: Metformin as Anti-Angiogenic Supplemental Treatment for Glioblastoma","volume":"25","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0780","author":"Reddy"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0785","first-page":"830","article-title":"Progress in oncolytic viruses modified with nanomaterials for intravenous application","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-02118-7","article-title":"An oncolytic virus-T cell chimera for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2022.07.006","article-title":"Efficacy of cancer-specific anti-podoplanin CAR-T cells and oncolytic herpes virus G47\u0394 combination therapy against glioblastoma","volume":"26","author":"Chalise","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Ther Oncolytics."}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576925015383?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576925015383?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T03:53:41Z","timestamp":1763697221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576925015383"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":159,"alternative-id":["S1567576925015383"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Oncolytic virus therapy for glioma: current clinical trials and overcoming key obstacles","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115547","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115547"}}