{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:10:01Z","timestamp":1792091401489,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020410","name":"Health Institutes of Turkey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T15:49:38Z","timestamp":1760543378000},"page":"115661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Exploring the nephroprotective effects of combined finerenone and exenatide therapy in diabetic nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"Ayse","family":"Kocak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elif","family":"Aydin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meliha Koldemir","family":"G\u00fcnd\u00fcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcll\u00fc","family":"Kaymak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00fcnyamin","family":"Aydin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ay\u015fe Nur","family":"De\u011fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.04.010","article-title":"Diabetic nephropathy: new insights into established therapeutic paradigms and novel molecular targets","volume":"128","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-017-6755-9","article-title":"Diabetic nephropathy: a tangled web to unweave","volume":"31","author":"Magee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0015","first-page":"2053015","article-title":"Association of CCL2, CCR5, ELMO1, and IL8 polymorphism with diabetic nephropathy in Malaysian type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"2019","author":"Yahya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Chron Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2018.01.001","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and signaling in diabetic kidney disease: oxidative stress and beyond","volume":"38","author":"Flemming","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.02.007","article-title":"Tim-3 aggravates podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy by promoting macrophage activation via the NF-\u03baB\/TNF-\u03b1 pathway","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2015.1059819","article-title":"Finerenone: third-generation mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist for the treatment of heart failure and diabetic kidney disease","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5388","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105388","article-title":"Insulin withdrawal in diabetic kidney disease: what are we waiting for?","volume":"18","author":"Morillas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"10479","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02808-3","article-title":"Exenatide once a week versus placebo as a potential disease-modifying treatment for people with Parkinson\u2019s disease in the UK: a phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"405","author":"Vijiaratnam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1210","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0045","first-page":"45","article-title":"Exenatide (Byetta) for type 2 diabetes","volume":"47","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Lett. Drugs Ther."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxz179","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"76","author":"Guyton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04005","DOI":"10.1051\/bioconf\/20202004005","article-title":"Blood glucose level of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) after giving catfish biscuit (Pangasius hypothalmus)","volume":"20","author":"Hidayaturrahmah","year":"2020","journal-title":"BIO Web Conf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01131","article-title":"Finerenone attenuates endothelial dysfunction and albuminuria in a chronic kidney disease model by a reduction in oxidative stress","volume":"9","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Bl\u00e1zquez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2012.33","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic studies on exenatide in diabetic rats","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00367.x","article-title":"Macrophages in mouse type 2 diabetic nephropathy: correlation with diabetic state and progressive renal injury","volume":"65","author":"Chow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2006.00576.x","article-title":"Macrophage accumulation in human progressive diabetic nephropathy","volume":"11","author":"Nguyen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000014","article-title":"Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 promotes the development of diabetic renal injury in streptozotocin-treated mice","volume":"69","author":"Chow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0497-8","article-title":"Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-induced tissue inflammation is critical for the development of renal injury but not type 2 diabetes in obese db\/db mice","volume":"50","author":"Chow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.10.2586","article-title":"Intercellular adhesion molecule-1-deficient mice are resistant against renal injury after induction of diabetes","volume":"52","author":"Okada","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3797802","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3797802","article-title":"Role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"2017","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2011.51","article-title":"Inflammatory molecules and pathways in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy","volume":"7","author":"Navarro-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3798","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113798","article-title":"Pathogenic pathways and therapeutic approaches targeting inflammation in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"21","author":"Rayego-Mateos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfz137","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 blockade ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in rats","volume":"14","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2022.2045952","article-title":"Interleukin 6 in diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"18","author":"Kreiner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9035","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27249035","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress-mediated inflammation in the development of T2DM-induced diabetic nephropathy: possible preventive action of tannins and other oligomeric polyphenols","volume":"27","author":"Sahakyan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00084","article-title":"NF-\u03baB system is chronically activated and promotes glomerular injury in experimental type 1 diabetic kidney disease","volume":"11","author":"Foresto-Neto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009060625","article-title":"Suppressors of cytokine signaling abrogate diabetic nephropathy","volume":"21","author":"Ortiz-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.27173","article-title":"The PI3K\/AKT pathway in obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44771","article-title":"mTORC1 activation in podocytes is a critical step in the development of diabetic nephropathy in mice","volume":"121","author":"Inoki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1159\/000106782","article-title":"Rapamycin prevents early steps of the development of diabetic nephropathy in rats","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9481720","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9481720","article-title":"Mangiferin alleviates renal interstitial fibrosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice through regulating the PTEN\/PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"2020","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"issue":"Suppl B","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0155","first-page":"B11","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists: 60 years of research and development","volume":"22","author":"Kolkhof","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Suppl."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.02.030","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism prevents the transition of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease","volume":"96","author":"Barrera-Chimal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00913.x","article-title":"Spironolactone prevents early renal injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"66","author":"Fujisawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-17-0681","article-title":"Isosteviol ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats by inhibiting ERK and NF-\u03baB signaling pathways","volume":"238","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI183558","article-title":"Integrin-mediated mTOR signaling drives TGF-\u03b2 overactivity and myxomatous mitral valve degeneration in hypomorphic fibrillin-1 mice","volume":"135","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01676-0","article-title":"High-plex protein and whole transcriptome co-mapping at cellular resolution with spatial CITE-seq","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576925016522?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576925016522?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T12:28:08Z","timestamp":1765456088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576925016522"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S1567576925016522"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exploring the nephroprotective effects of combined finerenone and exenatide therapy in diabetic nephropathy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115661","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115661"}}