{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T20:34:45Z","timestamp":1787603685420,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82270715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82270715"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82170722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170722"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T23:40:07Z","timestamp":1763768407000},"page":"115902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"P2","title":["Harmine attenuates renal fibrosis via Twist1 suppression: A novel anti-fibrotic strategy for chronic kidney disease with efficacy\/safety profiling"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Liuyifei","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingli","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxuan","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiren","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-020-01283-6","article-title":"Pharmacological effects of harmine and its derivatives: a review","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.152967","article-title":"Mechanism-based pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics studies of harmine and harmaline on neurotransmitters regulatory effects in healthy rats: challenge on monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition","volume":"62","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053534","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1053534","article-title":"Altered states, alkaloids, and catatonia: monoaminoxidase inhibitors and their role in the history of psychopharmacology","volume":"13","author":"Buda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.07.021","article-title":"Acute harmine administration induces antidepressive-like effects and increases BDNF levels in the rat hippocampus","volume":"33","author":"Fortunato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7985","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.4437","article-title":"Treatment with harmine ameliorates functional impairment and neuronal death following traumatic brain injury","volume":"12","author":"Zhong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2779","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38410-y","article-title":"Peripheral modulation of antidepressant targets MAO-B and GABAAR by harmol induces mitohormesis and delays aging in preclinical models","volume":"14","author":"Costa-Machado","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0482-y","article-title":"Targeting the EMT transcription factor TWIST1 overcomes resistance to EGFR inhibitors in EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"38","author":"Yochum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4655","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7933","article-title":"Activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by harmine suppresses the growth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"37","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3820","article-title":"A high-throughput chemical screen reveals that harmine-mediated inhibition of DYRK1A increases human pancreatic beta cell replication","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-024-00614-w","article-title":"Targeting the DYRK1A kinase prevents cancer progression and metastasis and promotes cancer cells response to G1\/S targeting chemotherapy drugs","volume":"8","author":"Laham","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Precis Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-17-0298","article-title":"A first-in-class TWIST1 inhibitor with activity in oncogene-driven lung Cancer","volume":"15","author":"Yochum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2011.144","article-title":"Normal and disease-related biological functions of Twist1 and underlying molecular mechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Qin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4150","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-3009","article-title":"Twist1 regulates vimentin through Cul2 circular RNA to promote EMT in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"78","author":"Meng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.07.028","article-title":"Transcription factor Twist1 drives fibroblast activation to promote kidney fibrosis via signaling proteins Prrx1\/TNC","volume":"106","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.62","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 induces twist expression in tubular epithelial cells subjected to hypoxia, leading to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition","volume":"75","author":"Sun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.12.130","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced activation of twist\/miR-214\/E-cadherin axis promotes renal tubular epithelial cell mesenchymal transition and renal fibrosis","volume":"495","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.6A7157.2007","article-title":"Twist relates to tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition and interstitial fibrogenesis in the obstructed kidney","volume":"55","author":"Kida","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3758","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.71722","article-title":"Twist1 downregulation of PGC-1\u03b1 decreases fatty acid oxidation in tubular epithelial cells, leading to kidney fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04137-0","article-title":"Twist1 regulates macrophage plasticity to promote renal fibrosis through galectin-3","volume":"79","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247652","article-title":"Harmine inhibits breast cancer cell migration and invasion by inducing the degradation of Twist1","volume":"16","author":"Nafie","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0115","first-page":"194","article-title":"Heme peroxidases are responsible for the dehydrogenation and oxidation metabolism of harmaline into harmine","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.01.062","article-title":"Harmine mitIgANtes LPS-induced acute kidney injury through inhibition of the TLR4-NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 inflammasome signalling pathway in mice","volume":"849","author":"Niu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-5362.350242","article-title":"Harmine mitIgANtes cisplatin-induced renal injury in male mice through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis effects","volume":"17","author":"Ghanbari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-5362.301339","article-title":"Harmine protects mercuric chloride kidney-induced injury by antioxidant activity in male mice: a biochemical and histological study","volume":"15","author":"Jalili","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.111954","article-title":"Harmine alleviated STZ-induced rat diabetic nephropathy: a potential role via regulating AMPK\/Nrf2 pathway and deactivating ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling","volume":"132","author":"Tabaa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-042222-024724","article-title":"Metabolic rewiring and communication: an integrative view of kidney proximal tubule function","volume":"86","author":"Chrysopoulou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"issue":"10474","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02385-7","article-title":"Acute kidney injury","volume":"405","author":"Ostermann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07171-z","article-title":"Precision management of acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit: current state of the art","volume":"49","author":"Stanski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-025-00293-4","article-title":"Acute kidney injury: pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Biomed"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-022-00590-z","article-title":"The fibrogenic niche in kidney fibrosis: components and mechanisms","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13465","article-title":"Emerging role of Twist1 in fibrotic diseases","volume":"22","author":"Ning","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272917","article-title":"Twist-related protein 1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and renal fibrosis through the upregulation of complement 3","volume":"17","author":"Otsuki","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.06.012","article-title":"Harmine produces antidepressant-like effects via restoration of astrocytic functions","volume":"79","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493018778713","article-title":"Multisociety consensus quality improvement revised consensus statement for endovascular therapy of acute ischemic stroke","volume":"13","author":"Sacks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_85_18","article-title":"Effect of Harmine on nicotine-induced kidney dysfunction in male mice","volume":"10","author":"Salahshoor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881112463125","article-title":"Harmine augments electrically evoked dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens shell","volume":"27","author":"Brierley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000038385.60538.19","article-title":"Elevation of blood beta-carboline alkaloids in essential tremor","volume":"59","author":"Louis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.190","article-title":"Relationship of monoamine oxidase-a distribution volume to postpartum depression and postpartum crying","volume":"40","author":"Sacher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00535","article-title":"Harmine ameliorates cognitive impairment by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and enhancing the BDNF\/TrkB Signaling pathway in STZ-induced diabetic rats","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3902","article-title":"Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition induces cell cycle arrest and parenchymal damage in renal fibrosis","volume":"21","author":"Lovisa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44595","article-title":"Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in kidney fibrosis: fact or fantasy?","volume":"121","author":"Kriz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI180242","article-title":"ZDHHC18 promotes renal fibrosis development by regulating HRAS palmitoylation","volume":"135","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2017.12.013","article-title":"Renal fibrosis: recent translational aspects","volume":"68-69","author":"Fran\u00e7ois","year":"2018","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4592","article-title":"Dissecting fibrosis: therapeutic insights from the small-molecule toolbox","volume":"14","author":"Nanthakumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576925018909?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576925018909?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T16:57:06Z","timestamp":1771520226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576925018909"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S1567576925018909"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Harmine attenuates renal fibrosis via Twist1 suppression: A novel anti-fibrotic strategy for chronic kidney disease with efficacy\/safety profiling","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115902","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115902"}}