{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T17:00:47Z","timestamp":1792083647080,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T10:39:41Z","timestamp":1766572781000},"page":"116071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cationic stearic acid\u2013chitosan micelles enhance intranasal antigen delivery and mucosal immunity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"Donghui","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianwen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhua","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11200","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c00155","article-title":"Injectable hydrogel mucosal vaccine elicits protective immunity against respiratory viruses","volume":"18","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202401120","article-title":"Pathogen-mimicking nanoparticles based on rigid nanomaterials as an efficient subunit vaccine delivery system for intranasal immunization","volume":"13","author":"Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0015","article-title":"Advances in mucosal vaccines: design strategies for antigens, adjuvants, and delivery systems","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2005.07.009","article-title":"Nasal mucoadhesive drug delivery: background, applications, trends and future perspectives","volume":"57","author":"Ugwoke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.09.037","article-title":"Polyglutamic acid-trimethyl chitosan-based intranasal peptide nano-vaccine induces potent immune responses against group a streptococcus","volume":"80","author":"Nevagi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52691","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c17627","article-title":"Enhanced immune responses to mucosa by functionalized chitosan-based composite nanoparticles as a vaccine adjuvant for intranasal delivery","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.03.056","article-title":"Mechanism and consequence of chitosan-mediated reversible epithelial tight junction opening","volume":"32","author":"Yeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0040","article-title":"Multilayer adjuvanted influenza protein nanoparticles improve intranasal delivery and antigen-specific immunity","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.115435","article-title":"Selective uptake of chitosan polymeric micelles by circulating monocytes for enhanced tumor targeting","volume":"229","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.120233","article-title":"Linolenic acid conjugated chitosan micelles for improving the oral absorption of doxorubicin via fatty acid transporter","volume":"300","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01557-7","article-title":"Vaccine adjuvants: mechanisms and platforms","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2020.05.011","article-title":"Fatty acid chain length impacts nanonizing capacity of albumin-fatty acid nanomicelles: enhanced physicochemical property and cellular delivery of poorly water-soluble drug","volume":"152","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.03.019","article-title":"Thiolated chitosan micelles: highly mucoadhesive drug carriers","volume":"167","author":"Mahmood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.117886","article-title":"Self-assembly behavior and conformation of amphiphilic hemicellulose-graft-fatty acid micelles","volume":"261","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9217","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S214657","article-title":"The optimization design of lactoferrin loaded HupA Nanoemulsion for targeted drug transport via intranasal route","volume":"14","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27026","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c09838","article-title":"Mind the particle rigidity: blooms the bioavailability via rapidly crossing the mucus layer and alters the intracellular fate of curcumin","volume":"18","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0085","first-page":"1338","article-title":"Folic\/lactobionic acid dual-targeted polymeric nanocapsules for potential treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, drug Deliv","volume":"14","author":"Kabil","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01165","article-title":"Usefulness of Caco-2\/HT29-MTX and Caco-2\/HT29-MTX\/Raji B coculture models to predict intestinal and colonic permeability compared to Caco-2 monoculture","volume":"14","author":"Lozoya-Agullo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.30716","article-title":"Exosomes from M1-polarized macrophages enhance paclitaxel antitumor activity by activating macrophages-mediated inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19509","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c09708","article-title":"Sulfonium-driven neoantigen-released DNA nanodevice as a precise vaccine for tumor immunotherapy and prevention","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21782","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c07632","article-title":"The distinct properties of polysaccharide nanoparticles tune immune responses against mRNA antigen via stimulator of interferon genes-mediated autophagy and inflammasome","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2007.03.005","article-title":"Generation and maturation of bone marrow-derived DCs under serum-free conditions","volume":"323","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.132913","article-title":"Fabrication of chitosan-based emulsion as an adjuvant to enhance nasal mucosal immune responses","volume":"272","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.04.036","article-title":"Oil-in-ionic liquid nanoemulsion-based intranasal delivery system for influenza split-virus vaccine","volume":"346","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Control. Release Off. J. Control. Release Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.119566","article-title":"Effect of type of fatty acid attached to chitosan on walnut oil-in-water Pickering emulsion properties","volume":"291","author":"Tabatabaei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48871","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c07491","article-title":"Potentiating the immune responses of HBsAg-VLP vaccine using a polyphosphoester-based cationic polymer adjuvant","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.12.014","article-title":"Self-assembled mRNA vaccines","volume":"170","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.121348","article-title":"Lentinan PLGA-stabilized Pickering emulsion for the enhanced vaccination","volume":"611","author":"Jiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.11.066","article-title":"The effect of antigen encapsulation in chitosan particles on uptake, activation and presentation by antigen presenting cells","volume":"34","author":"Koppolu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0150","first-page":"1","article-title":"Research progress in brain-targeted nasal drug delivery","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0155","series-title":"Programmable Macrophage Vesicle Based Bionic Self-Adjuvanting Vaccine for Immunization against Monkeypox Virus., Adv. Sci. Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Ger","volume":"vol. 12","author":"Lin","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3829","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.4c01106","article-title":"Spatiotemporal three-dimensional quantitative visualization of macrophage phagocytosis of adjuvants in vivo using optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy","volume":"11","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Photonics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.024","article-title":"Gum Arabic in combination with IFN-\u03b3 promotes the M1 polarization in macrophage","volume":"209","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.089","article-title":"The immunological activity of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides liposome in vitro and adjuvanticity against PCV2 in vivo","volume":"85","author":"Bo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122847","article-title":"Chitosan derivative composite nanoparticles as adjuvants enhance the cellular immune response via activation of the cGAS-STING pathway","volume":"636","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-101320-031931","article-title":"Spatiotemporal adaptations of macrophage and dendritic cell development and function","volume":"40","author":"Roquilly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10522","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c03419","article-title":"Transmucosal delivery of nasal Nanovaccines enhancing mucosal and systemic immunity","volume":"23","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0190","article-title":"Enhancing immune responses through modulation of innate cell microenvironments in lymph nodes with virus-mimetic vaccines","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-024-01056-y","article-title":"Saponin-based adjuvant uptake and induction of antigen cross-presentation by CD11b+ dendritic cells and macrophages","volume":"10","author":"Veld","year":"2025","journal-title":"Npj Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.123802","article-title":"Microparticulated Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide shows potent vaccine adjuvant effect","volume":"652","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.07.002","article-title":"Mucosal vaccine delivery: a focus on the breakthrough of specific barriers","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.07.055","article-title":"Selenylation modification can enhance immune-enhancing activity of Chuanminshen violaceum polysaccharide","volume":"153","author":"Haibo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202415887","article-title":"Generating self-adjuvated nanofiber vaccines by coating bacterial flagella with antigens","volume":"37","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123581","article-title":"Reconstituted dry powder formulations of ZnO-adjuvanted ovalbumin induce equivalent antigen specific antibodies but lower T cell responses than ovalbumin adjuvanted with Alhydrogel\u00ae or cationic adjuvant formulation 01 (CAF\u00ae01)","volume":"648","author":"Hellfritzsch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576925020600?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576925020600?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T01:57:34Z","timestamp":1768960654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576925020600"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S1567576925020600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cationic stearic acid\u2013chitosan micelles enhance intranasal antigen delivery and mucosal immunity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.116071","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116071"}}