{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:31:38Z","timestamp":1777894298718,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013061","name":"Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T16:59:56Z","timestamp":1771865996000},"page":"116417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ginsenoside Rg3 synergizes with near-infrared photothermal therapy to suppress prostate cancer progression by inhibiting RAS signaling and enhancing ARL11-mediated macrophage reprogramming"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Haiping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiefeng","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Songnan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meihua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0005","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.0228","article-title":"Prostate Cancer: a review","volume":"333","author":"Raychaudhuri","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T95","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-21-0149","article-title":"The tumor microenvironment and immune responses in prostate cancer patients","volume":"28","author":"Kwon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2023.101041","article-title":"The promising role of tumor-associated macrophages in the treatment of cancer","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Resist. Updat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20210564","article-title":"Lipid-loaded tumor-associated macrophages sustain tumor growth and invasiveness in prostate cancer","volume":"219","author":"Masetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5994","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.73141","article-title":"Tumor-associated macrophages in direct contact with prostate cancer cells promote malignant proliferation and metastasis through NOTCH1 pathway","volume":"18","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X2150035X","article-title":"20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits lung Cancer cell proliferation by targeting EGFR-mediated Ras\/Raf\/MEK\/ERK pathway","volume":"49","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2023.110634","article-title":"Ginsenosides in cancer: targeting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis","volume":"382","author":"Shah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2022.09.007","article-title":"Paclitaxel-loaded ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes for drug-resistant cancer therapy by dual targeting of the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells","volume":"49","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17177","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203131","article-title":"Carbon nanotubes (CNT)-loaded ginsenosides Rb3 suppresses the PD-1\/PD-L1 pathway in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"13","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.9b00273","article-title":"Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy of Cancer","volume":"52","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5750","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4205","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg3 combined with near-infrared photothermal reversal of multidrug resistance in breast cancer MCF-7\/ADR cells","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0065","article-title":"NIR-activatable domino cascade catalysis nanozyme reactor for multi-mechanism synergistic immunotherapy in bladder cancer","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0070","article-title":"Near-infrared-triggered copper-doped carbon nitride nanocomposite inducing domino effect for synergistic tumor therapy and immune microenvironment reprogramming","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-019-0513-z","article-title":"A novel macrophage-mediated biomimetic delivery system with NIR-triggered release for prostate cancer therapy","volume":"17","author":"Qiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3951","DOI":"10.1039\/D2BM00107A","article-title":"The improved killing of both androgen-dependent and independent prostate cancer cells by etoposide loaded SPIONs coupled with NIR irradiation","volume":"10","author":"Onbasli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2017.451","article-title":"WNT5A induces castration-resistant prostate cancer via CCL2 and tumour-infiltrating macrophages","volume":"118","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9892","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA117.000727","article-title":"ARL11 regulates lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage activation by promoting mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling","volume":"293","author":"Arya","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9260","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179260","article-title":"Unraveling the relevance of ARL GTPases in cutaneous melanoma prognosis through integrated bioinformatics analysis","volume":"22","author":"Brito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7738","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-1481","article-title":"Tumor suppressor functions of ARLTS1 in lung cancers","volume":"67","author":"Yendamuri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.315739.118","article-title":"Genetics and biology of prostate cancer","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4671","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-3752","article-title":"Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human prostate Cancer demonstrates enhanced immune evasion marked by IDO1 expression","volume":"78","author":"Kolijn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11688","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62256-z","article-title":"Comprehensive data mining reveals RTK\/RAS signaling pathway as a promoter of prostate cancer lineage plasticity through transcription factors and CNV","volume":"14","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01705-z","article-title":"Targeting the RAS\/RAF\/MAPK pathway for cancer therapy: from mechanism to clinical studies","volume":"8","author":"Bahar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2024.119589","article-title":"Ginseng extract (ginsenoside RG3) combined with STING agonist reverses TAM\/M2 polarization to inhibit TNBC evolution","volume":"222","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ind. Crop. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2008.02.021","article-title":"ARLTS1 - a novel tumor suppressor gene","volume":"264","author":"Yendamuri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026595","article-title":"Contribution of ARLTS1 Cys148Arg (T442C) variant with prostate cancer risk and ARLTS1 function in prostate cancer cells","volume":"6","author":"Siltanen","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2021.09.007","article-title":"Microbiota and prostate cancer","volume":"86","author":"Rizzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnab002","article-title":"Hormonal therapy for prostate Cancer","volume":"42","author":"Desai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabj1262","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abj1262","article-title":"Versatile ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes inhibit tumor metastasis by capturing circulating tumor cells and destroying metastatic niches","volume":"8","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25214905","article-title":"Anti-angiogenic properties of ginsenoside Rg3","volume":"25","author":"Nakhjavani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2017.2857","article-title":"Anticancer effects of ginsenoside Rg3 (review)","volume":"39","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0165","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg3 targets glycosylation of PD-L1 to enhance anti-tumor immunity in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01623-2","article-title":"Targeting therapy and tumor microenvironment remodeling of triple-negative breast cancer by ginsenoside Rg3 based liposomes","volume":"20","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-01063-4","article-title":"A polydopamine nanomedicine used in photothermal therapy for liver cancer knocks down the anti-cancer target NEDD8-E3 ligase ROC1 (RBX1)","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0180","article-title":"Low-temperature photothermal therapy: strategies and applications","volume":"2021","author":"Yi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. (Wash D C)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2858","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b00309","article-title":"Engineering of a nanosized biocatalyst for combined tumor starvation and low-temperature photothermal therapy","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.4c01612","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicine-based Nanoformulations for enhanced photothermal therapy of Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Biomater Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25701","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c04442","article-title":"Self-promoted albumin-based nanoparticles for combination therapy against metastatic breast cancer via a hyperthermia-induced \u201cplatelet bridge,\u201d","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S405020","article-title":"Research Progress of nanomedicine-based mild photothermal therapy in tumor","volume":"18","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111450","article-title":"Ex vivo photothermal treatment-induced immunogenic cell death for anticancer vaccine development","volume":"127","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2969","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-19-3682","article-title":"The frequency of Ras mutations in Cancer","volume":"80","author":"Prior","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01631-9","article-title":"RAS signaling in carcinogenesis, cancer therapy and resistance mechanisms","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0220","article-title":"Roles of the Raf\/MEK\/ERK pathway in cell growth, malignant transformation and drug resistance","volume":"1773","author":"Ja","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0225","first-page":"2069","article-title":"Antitumor activity of ginsenoside Rg3 in melanoma through downregulation of the ERK and Akt pathways","volume":"54","author":"Meng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107753","article-title":"Tumor microenvironment as a therapeutic target in cancer","volume":"221","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0235","article-title":"The roles of tumor-associated macrophages in prostate cancer","volume":"2022","author":"C","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274757","article-title":"ARL11 correlates with the immunosuppression and poor prognosis in breast cancer: a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of ARL family members","volume":"17","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS One"}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576926002614?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576926002614?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:16:03Z","timestamp":1777619763000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576926002614"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S1567576926002614"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ginsenoside Rg3 synergizes with near-infrared photothermal therapy to suppress prostate cancer progression by inhibiting RAS signaling and enhancing ARL11-mediated macrophage reprogramming","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116417","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116417"}}