{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:15:26Z","timestamp":1792509326100,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003395","name":"Shanghai Municipal Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20172015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20172015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003395","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81970610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970610"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:22:42Z","timestamp":1776298962000},"page":"116621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Inhibition of PD-L1 in tubular epithelial cells attenuates renal fibrosis by suppressing TGF\u03b2R1 and FZD6 signaling"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Song","family":"Ahui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Xufei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu","family":"Wangshu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Bingru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Minzhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Jiayue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Wenkai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xie","family":"Kewei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gu","family":"Leyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10225","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"395","author":"Bikbov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10075","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32064-5","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease","volume":"389","author":"Webster","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.163","article-title":"The global burden of chronic kidney disease: estimates, variability and pitfalls","volume":"13","author":"Glassock","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-022516-034227","article-title":"Mechanisms of renal fibrosis","volume":"80","author":"Humphreys","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.09.033","article-title":"Renal tubule injury: a driving force toward chronic kidney disease","volume":"93","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-1536-7-4","article-title":"The extracellular matrix in the kidney: a source of novel non-invasive biomarkers of kidney fibrosis?","volume":"7","author":"Genovese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20180438","article-title":"Transforming growth factor \u03b2 (TGF\u03b2) and related molecules in chronic kidney disease (CKD)","volume":"133","author":"Huynh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2018.09.002","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 receptors: in and beyond TGF-\u03b2 signaling","volume":"52","author":"Vander Ark","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008060566","article-title":"Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling promotes renal interstitial fibrosis","volume":"20","author":"He","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-018-0022-9","article-title":"The intracellular signalosome of PD-L1 in cancer cells","volume":"3","author":"Escors","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sig. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.05.016","article-title":"Programmed death-1 ligand 1 interacts specifically with the B7-1 costimulatory molecule to inhibit T cell responses","volume":"27","author":"Butte","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.03.014","article-title":"Regulation and function of the PD-L1 checkpoint","volume":"48","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0065","series-title":"Regulation of Cancer Immune Checkpoints. Vol 1248. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology","first-page":"33","article-title":"Roles of PD-1\/PD-L1 pathway: Signaling, Cancer, and beyond","author":"Ai","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.125326","article-title":"PD-L1 on invasive fibroblasts drives fibrosis in a humanized model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","author":"Geng","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108504","article-title":"Anti-PD-L1 antibody alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by inducing autophagy via inhibition of the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway","volume":"104","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.97","article-title":"Renal tubular PD-L1 (CD274) suppresses alloreactive human T-cell responses","volume":"78","author":"Starke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400497","article-title":"Both PD-1 ligands protect the kidney from ischemia reperfusion injury","volume":"194","author":"Jaworska","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2024.05.004","article-title":"Immune checkpoint activity exacerbate renal interstitial fibrosis progression by enhancing PD-L1 expression in renal tubular epithelial cells","volume":"271","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-06553-5","article-title":"Metabolic remodeling by the PD-L1 inhibitor BMS-202 significantly inhibits cell malignancy in human glioblastoma","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2025.13607","article-title":"Direct effects of the small molecule PD-L1 inhibitor BMS-202 on a375 melanoma cells: anti-tumor activity accompanied by increased mitochondrial function","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-021-02144-2","article-title":"PD-L1 interacts with Frizzled 6 to activate \u03b2-catenin and form a positive feedback loop to promote cancer stem cell expansion","volume":"41","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.09.030","article-title":"Mechanisms controlling PD-L1 expression in cancer","volume":"76","author":"Cha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00473-5","article-title":"PD-L1 as a biomarker of response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"18","author":"Doroshow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.00171-22","article-title":"Upregulation of PD-L1 in senescence and aging","volume":"42","author":"Onorati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106636","article-title":"PD-L1 upregulation promotes drug-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting vimentin degradation","volume":"187","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-023-02551-x","article-title":"Expression of PD-1\/PD-L1 axis in mediastinal lymph nodes and lung tissue of human and experimental lung fibrosis indicates a potential therapeutic target for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"24","author":"Karampitsakos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112768","article-title":"PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitor ameliorates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by maintaining systemic immune homeostasis","volume":"148","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.624547","article-title":"Variable expression of programmed cell death protein 1-ligand 1 in kidneys independent of immune checkpoint inhibition","volume":"11","author":"Hakroush","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4293","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.117443","article-title":"Inhibition of Mettl3 alleviates low-dose cisplatin-induced renal fibrosis and enhances the chemotherapeutic efficacy in mouse models of cancer","volume":"21","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2795","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.71595","article-title":"Smad3 signatures in renal inflammation and fibrosis","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4536","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.95796","article-title":"ISG15 accelerates acute kidney injury and the subsequent AKI-to-CKD transition by promoting TGF\u03b2R1 ISGylation","volume":"14","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110349","article-title":"PD-L1 promotes myofibroblastic activation of hepatic stellate cells by distinct mechanisms selective for TGF-\u03b2 receptor I versus II","volume":"38","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00701-5","article-title":"Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling in cancers and targeted therapies","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sigal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011050490","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-7 as a surrogate marker predicts renal Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin activity in CKD","volume":"23","author":"He","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.469","article-title":"Tubular cell dedifferentiation and peritubular inflammation are coupled by the transcription regulator Id1 in renal fibrogenesis","volume":"81","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.030002587.x","article-title":"PAI-1 deficiency attenuates the fibrogenic response to ureteral obstruction","volume":"60","author":"Oda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8613","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29706","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles suppress the fibroblast proliferation by downregulating FZD6 expression in fibroblasts via micrRNA-29b-3p in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"235","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2216","article-title":"Cardioprotective actions of TGF\u03b2RI inhibition through stimulating autocrine\/paracrine of survivin and inhibiting Wnt in cardiac progenitors","volume":"34","author":"Ho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.04.005","article-title":"PD-L1 (B7-H1) competes with the RNA exosome to regulate the DNA damage response and can be targeted to sensitize to radiation or chemotherapy","volume":"74","author":"Tu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202419418","article-title":"A PD-L1 siRNA-loaded boron nanoparticle for targeted cancer radiotherapy and immunotherapy","volume":"37","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.8365","article-title":"Knockdown of elF3a inhibits TGF-\u03b21-induced extracellular matrix protein expression in keloid fibroblasts","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9151","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.914222","article-title":"The combination of piR-823 and eukaryotic initiation factor 3 B (EIF3B) activates hepatic stellate cells via upregulating TGF-\u03b21 in liver fibrogenesis","volume":"24","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576926004662?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576926004662?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T15:15:21Z","timestamp":1777130121000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576926004662"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S1567576926004662"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Inhibition of PD-L1 in tubular epithelial cells attenuates renal fibrosis by suppressing TGF\u03b2R1 and FZD6 signaling","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116621","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116621"}}