{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T15:47:19Z","timestamp":1777132039368,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T23:52:08Z","timestamp":1776037928000},"page":"116649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Berberine attenuates methotrexate-induced renal and sciatic nerve toxicity via modulation of the cGAS-STING\/NF-\u03baB inflammatory pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salma M.","family":"Eraky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walied","family":"Abdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noha","family":"Abdel-Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41231-023-00142-y","article-title":"Methotrexate intolerance in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"8","author":"Nalwa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Med. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0291-z","article-title":"Targeting immunometabolism as an anti-inflammatory strategy","volume":"30","author":"P\u00e5lsson-McDermott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0015","series-title":"Basics Hematop. Stem Cell Transpl.","first-page":"661","article-title":"Drugs used post stem cell transplant","author":"Sharma","year":"2023"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4699","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-05481-9","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic properties of methotrexate","volume":"47","author":"Maksimovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0025","first-page":"22","article-title":"Protective effects of sitagliptin on methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"41","author":"Afkhami Fard","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Heal. Part C Toxicol. Carcinog."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-022-09307-7","article-title":"Role of inflammation and oxidative stress in chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity","volume":"70","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-023-02739-4","article-title":"Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of spirulina and thymoquinone mitigate the methotrexate-induced neurotoxicity","volume":"397","author":"Behairy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010766","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine attenuates methotrexate-induced neurotoxicity and memory deficits in rats through improving hippocampal neurogenesis: the role of miR-15a\/ROCK-1\/ERK1\/2\/CREB\/BDNF pathway modulation","volume":"24","author":"Taha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0045","series-title":"Atlas of Sciatica","first-page":"25","article-title":"Anatomy and Physiology of the Sciatic Nerve","author":"Akhaddar","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11030756","article-title":"Differentiating lumbar spinal etiology from peripheral plexopathies","volume":"11","author":"Foreman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-023-01346-8","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of antioxidants in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: evidence from preclinical and clinical studies","volume":"20","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-023-00965-7","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA release and activation of the cGAS-STING pathway","volume":"55","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-022-00589-6","article-title":"Role of the cGAS\u2013STING pathway in systemic and organ-specific diseases","volume":"18","author":"Skopelja-Gardner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.009","article-title":"New mechanism of nephrotoxicity of triptolide: oxidative stress promotes cGAS-STING signaling pathway","volume":"188","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010617-052703","article-title":"The ethnopharmacologic contribution to bioprospecting natural products","volume":"58","author":"Buenz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1491777","article-title":"Medicinal plants: bioactive compounds, biological activities, combating multidrug-resistant microorganisms, and human health benefits - a comprehensive review","volume":"16","author":"El-Saadony","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0085","series-title":"Compr. Pharmacol. Seven Vol. Set","first-page":"V2:408","article-title":"The Role of Natural Products as Sources of Therapeutic Agents for Innovative Drug Discovery","volume":"2","author":"Dzobo","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2015.1012984","article-title":"Effects of silymarin on methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"37","author":"Dabak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2024.142","article-title":"Natural compounds in kidney disease: therapeutic potential and drug development","volume":"33","author":"Natesan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.925993","article-title":"Renoprotective potentials of small molecule natural products targeting mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"13","author":"Rahman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27123705","article-title":"Expatiating the pharmacological and nanotechnological aspects of the alkaloidal drug berberine: current and future trends","volume":"27","author":"Behl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X16666180419141613","article-title":"Combating neurodegenerative diseases with the plant alkaloid berberine: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"17","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175433","article-title":"New insights into mechanisms of berberine in alleviating reproductive disorders of polycystic ovary syndrome: anti-inflammatory properties","volume":"939","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0120","article-title":"Berberine and its study as an antidiabetic compound","volume":"12","author":"Utami","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. (Basel)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27041351","article-title":"Berberine, a herbal metabolite in the metabolic syndrome: the risk factors, course, and consequences of the disease","volume":"27","author":"Och","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.10.088","article-title":"The impact of Keap1\/Nrf2, p 38 MAPK\/NF-\u03baB and Bax\/Bcl2\/caspase-3 signaling pathways in the protective effects of berberine against methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity","volume":"109","author":"Hassanein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0135","first-page":"511","article-title":"Berberine protects against metformin-associated lactic acidosis in induced diabetes mellitus","volume":"20","author":"Almani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-013-0949-x","article-title":"Renoprotective effects of montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, against methotrexate-induced kidney damage in rats","volume":"387","author":"Abdel-Raheem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1680886","article-title":"Arbutin protects against methotrexate-induced pulmonary injury in rats via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and ER stress","volume":"12","author":"Turkmen Alemdar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-019-00481-4","article-title":"Sodium nitrate preconditioning prevents progression of the neuropathic pain in streptozotocin-induced diabetes wistar rats","volume":"19","author":"Oghbaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Metab. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.109.156034","article-title":"Thermal hyperalgesia via supraspinal mechanisms in mice lacking glutamate decarboxylase 65","volume":"331","author":"Kubo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2014.02.013","article-title":"Ghrelin receptor agonist, GHRP-2, produces antinociceptive effects at the supraspinal level via the opioid receptor in mice","volume":"55","author":"Zeng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1546291","article-title":"Ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in rats: intraperitoneal versus intravenous administration using a microsurgical femoral vein access","volume":"31","author":"Ritschl","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Reconstr. Microsurg."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.14-0088","article-title":"Anesthetic and pathological changes following high doses of ketamine and xylazine in Sprague dawley rats","volume":"64","author":"Giroux","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Anim."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(59)90090-6","article-title":"Tissue sulfhydryl groups","volume":"82","author":"Ellman","year":"1959","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(78)90342-1","article-title":"Determination of malonaldehyde precursor in tissues by thiobarbituric acid test","volume":"86","author":"Uchiyama","year":"1978","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x","article-title":"Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase","volume":"47","author":"Marklund","year":"1974","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7802-1_11","article-title":"Immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded planarian tissue sections","volume":"1774","author":"Adell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80226-6","article-title":"Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis","volume":"22","author":"Ishak","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-\u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69263-0","article-title":"Potential neurotoxicity associated with methotrexate","volume":"14","author":"Apiraksattayakul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11049","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07782-7","article-title":"A comprehensive review on methotrexate containing nanoparticles; an appropriate tool for cancer treatment","volume":"49","author":"Shariatifar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2015-0164","article-title":"Preventing and managing toxicities of high-dose methotrexate","volume":"21","author":"Howard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115953","article-title":"Protective effects of empagliflozin on methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in rats","volume":"170","author":"Kalantari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123514","article-title":"Methotrexate-induced neurotoxicity in oncology: current issues for a classic drug","volume":"473","author":"Besora","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13060751","article-title":"Potentials of natural antioxidants in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2021.101612","article-title":"The protective impact of berberine against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"73","author":"Ibrahim Fouad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4576","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29194576","article-title":"A descriptive review of the antioxidant effects and mechanisms of action of berberine and silymarin","volume":"29","author":"Garc\u00eda-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Gasmi et al., \u201cBerberine: pharmacological features in health, disease and aging,\u201d Curr. Med. Chem., vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 1214\u20131234, 2023, doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0929867330666230207112539.","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867330666230207112539"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120697","article-title":"Protective effects of berberine on various kidney diseases: emphasis on the promising effects and the underlined molecular mechanisms","volume":"306","author":"Hassanein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2024.115179","article-title":"Renoprotective effect of berberine in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury: role of klotho and the AMPK\/mtor\/ULK1\/Beclin-1 pathway","volume":"196","author":"Salah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1549462","article-title":"Unveiling the therapeutic potential of berberine: its therapeutic role and molecular mechanisms in kidney diseases","volume":"16","author":"Fan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S456610","article-title":"Valsartan mitigates the progression of methotrexate-induced acute kidney injury in rats via the attenuation of renal inflammation and oxidative stress","volume":"17","author":"Kutbi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"issue":"0","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0270","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate alleviated methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"0","author":"El-Saed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.202400684","article-title":"Sumac liposomes\/mesenchymal stem cells fight methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via regulating Nrf-2\/Keap-1\/HO-1 and apoptotic signaling pathways","volume":"358","author":"Zahran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14111169","article-title":"Neurosurgical intervention for nerve and muscle biopsies","volume":"14","author":"Mohamed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152840","article-title":"Hepatotoxic potentials of methotrexate: understanding the possible toxicological molecular mechanisms","volume":"458","author":"Ezhilarasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152909","article-title":"Molecular toxicity of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis treatment: a novel perspective and therapeutic implications","volume":"461","author":"Katturajan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10102053","article-title":"The protective effects of nutraceutical components in methotrexate-induced toxicity models\u2014An overview","volume":"10","author":"Marin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2021.100049","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are involved in the mechanism of tramadol-induced renal injury","volume":"2","author":"Mousavi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Pharmacol. Drug Discov."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-023-03476-6","article-title":"ROS-induced lipid peroxidation modulates cell death outcome: mechanisms behind apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2021.114477","article-title":"Biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense","volume":"209","author":"Demirci-\u00c7eki\u00e7","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2022.2084103","article-title":"Protective effect of dexpanthenol against methotrexate-induced liver oxidative toxicity in rats","volume":"46","author":"G\u00fcrler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2011.2029","article-title":"Berberine promotes axonal regeneration in injured nerves of the peripheral nervous system","volume":"15","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2020-0173","article-title":"Effects of berberine on cholinesterases and monoamine oxidase activities, and antioxidant status in the brain of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats","volume":"33","author":"Adefegha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116698","article-title":"Relationship between the cGAS\u2212STING and NF-\u03baB pathways-role in neurotoxicity","volume":"175","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180139","article-title":"The cGAS-cGAMP-STI NG pathway connects DNA damage to inflammation, senescence, and cancer","volume":"215","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315182","article-title":"The relationship between reactive oxygen species and the cGAS\/STING signaling pathway in the inflammaging process","volume":"23","author":"Andrade","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.09.050","article-title":"Mitochondrial damage causes inflammation via cGAS-STING signaling in acute kidney injury","volume":"29","author":"Maekawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20220525","article-title":"Cigarette smoke induces mitochondrial DNA damage and activates cGAS-STING pathway: application to a biomarker for atherosclerosis","volume":"137","author":"Ueda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0355","first-page":"1","article-title":"The cGAS-STING pathway-dependent sensing of mitochondrial DNA mediates ocular surface inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Ouyang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.4.33","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA-activated cGAS-STING signaling in environmental dry eye","volume":"65","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-022-00967-4","article-title":"Inhibition of cGAS-STING by JQ1 alleviates oxidative stress-induced retina inflammation and degeneration","volume":"29","author":"Zou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4461","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S423232","article-title":"The activation of cGAS-STING in acute kidney injury","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5328","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00037-14","article-title":"Cytosolic-DNA-mediated, STING-dependent proinflammatory gene induction necessitates canonical NF-\u03baB activation through TBK1","volume":"88","author":"Abe","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2100225118","article-title":"TBK1 recruitment to STING activates both IRF3 and NF-\u03baB that mediate immune defense against tumors and viral infections","volume":"118","author":"Yum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67593","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-15358-4","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effects of phytochemicals berberine and umbelliferone against methotrexate-induced hepatic intoxication: experimental studies and in silico evidence","volume":"28","author":"Shalkami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.07.101","article-title":"Berberine ameliorates methotrexate-induced liver injury by activating Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway and PPAR\u03b3, and suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats","volume":"94","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117306","article-title":"STING signaling contributes to methotrexate-induced liver injury by regulating ferroptosis in mice","volume":"287","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0400","article-title":"The role of cGAS-STING signaling in rheumatoid arthritis: from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0405","article-title":"CGAS-STING pathway in pathogenesis and treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.151923","article-title":"Berberine alleviates tendinopathy by suppressing the cGAS-STING pathway and relieving ferroptosis","volume":"767","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2023.03.005","article-title":"Low-dose nafamostat mesilate ameliorates tissue injury and inhibits 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis in the rat intestine after methotrexate administration","volume":"152","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1161067","article-title":"The multifaceted nature of IL-10: regulation, role in immunological homeostasis and its relevance to cancer, COVID-19 and post-COVID conditions","volume":"14","author":"Carlini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12671","article-title":"Dynamic balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory signals controls disease and limits pathology","volume":"285","author":"Cicchese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043064","article-title":"Mechanisms of transmission and processing of pain: a narrative review","volume":"20","author":"Di Maio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.2478\/enr-2019-0003","article-title":"Evaluation of ameliorative effect of sodium nitrate in experimental model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy in male rats","volume":"53","author":"Oghbaei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr. Regul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prmcm.2021.100019","article-title":"Current research progress in identifying the mechanism of berberine in pain regulation","volume":"1","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res. - Mod. Chinese Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.14.25","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics for rheumatoid arthritis responsiveness to methotrexate treatment: the 2013 update","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203313519159","article-title":"Methotrexate in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review of its efficacy","volume":"23","author":"Sakthiswary","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2013.2045","article-title":"Modulation of the expression of folate cycle enzymes and polyamine metabolism by berberine in cisplatin-sensitive and-resistant human ovarian cancer cells","volume":"43","author":"Marverti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576926004947?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576926004947?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T15:14:51Z","timestamp":1777130091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576926004947"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["S1567576926004947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Berberine attenuates methotrexate-induced renal and sciatic nerve toxicity via modulation of the cGAS-STING\/NF-\u03baB inflammatory pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116649","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116649"}}