{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:03:44Z","timestamp":1792281824069,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017949","name":"Health Commission of Shanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A20375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20375"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013317","name":"Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022PSLD00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022PSLD00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013317","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013317","name":"Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\\u20132023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\\u20132023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013317","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005891","name":"State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["zyyzdxk-2023023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["zyyzdxk-2023023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005891","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020209","name":"Shaanxi Provincial Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020209","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T19:17:50Z","timestamp":1780168670000},"page":"116954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Codonopsis pilosula as the sovereign herb in Shenling Baizhu formula ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis via spermidine-AMPK-mediated mitophagy to inhibit the cGAS-STING inflammatory axis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Xiaohu","family":"Xi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiankuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangtao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingya","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9853","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60150-0","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"380","author":"Ord\u00e1s","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(25)00263-8","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis: moving beyond the mucosal dogma","volume":"11","author":"Eggermont","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3923\/ijp.2024.498.509","article-title":"Ameliorative potential of Kaempferol in TNBS-induced colitis in experimental rats: a role of activation of PPAR\u03b3 pathway","volume":"20","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.3923\/ijp.2024.652.659","article-title":"Compound Xuejie preparation improved dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by mitigating inflammation-induced damage and downregulating TNF-\u03b1 expression","volume":"20","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02108-6","article-title":"Discovery of vitexin as a novel VDR agonist that mitigates the transition from chronic intestinal inflammation to colorectal cancer","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"issue":"10080","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32126-2","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"389","author":"Ungaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.117787","article-title":"Inhibition of ferroptosis: a new direction in the treatment of ulcerative colitis by traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"324","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.88854","article-title":"Shenling Baizhu decoction (SLBZD) may play a synergistic role of tirelizumab in the treatment of colorectal cancer by influencing the imbalance of colon flora and Tumor microenvironment","volume":"15","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29092154","article-title":"Poria cocos attenuated DSS-induced ulcerative colitis via NF-\u03baB signaling pathway and regulating gut microbiota","volume":"29","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0050","article-title":"Ginseng polysaccharides ameliorate ulcerative colitis via regulating gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism","volume":"265","author":"Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4825","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S481769","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rb1 alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by protecting the intestinal barrier through the signal network of VDR, PPAR\u03b3 and NF-\u03baB","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0060","article-title":"Abatement effects of different soil amendments on continuous cropping of Codonopsis pilosula","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0065","article-title":"Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide alleviates ulcerative colitis by modulating gut microbiota and SCFA\/GPR\/NLRP3 pathway","volume":"337","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2022.115109","article-title":"Metabonomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to study the therapeutic mechanism of Danggui Sini decoction on collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis rats with cold bi syndrome","volume":"222","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0075","article-title":"Integrating metabolomics, 16S rRNA sequencing, network pharmacology, and metorigin to explore the mechanism of Cinnamomi cortex in treating chronic atrophic gastritis rats","volume":"121","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomed. Int. J. Phytother. Phytopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0080","article-title":"Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide improved spleen deficiency in mice by modulating gut microbiota and energy related metabolisms","volume":"13","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2024.119751","article-title":"Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorates colonic injury in mice with DSS-induced acute colitis by blocking macrophage pro-inflammatory phenotype switching via the HDAC5\/DAB2 axis","volume":"1871","author":"Miao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Mol. Cell Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02065-0","article-title":"Edible exosome-like nanoparticles from portulaca oleracea L mitigate DSS-induced colitis via facilitating double-positive CD4(+)CD8(+)T cells expansion","volume":"21","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3322","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.5b00354","article-title":"Analysis of the human adult urinary metabolome variations with age, body mass index, and gender by implementing a comprehensive workflow for univariate and OPLS statistical analyses","volume":"14","author":"Th\u00e9venot","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.18.0042","article-title":"Pearsons eller Spearmans korrelasjonskoeffisienter [Pearson's or Spearman's correlation coefficients]","volume":"138","author":"Pripp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3675","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48009-6","article-title":"MetaboAnalystR 4.0: a unified LC-MS workflow for global metabolomics","volume":"15","author":"Pang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"D1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D672","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae909","article-title":"KEGG: biological systems database as a model of the real world","volume":"53","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102441","article-title":"Mo3Se4 nanoparticle with ROS scavenging and multi-enzyme activity for the treatment of DSS-induced colitis in mice","volume":"56","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.109847","article-title":"Puerarin inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice model","volume":"124","author":"Jeon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116538","article-title":"Modified Gegen Qinlian decoction ameliorated ulcerative colitis by attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress and enhancing intestinal barrier function in vivo and in vitro","volume":"313","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0130","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicine prescription Shenling BaiZhu powder to treat ulcerative colitis: clinical evidence and potential mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3960989","article-title":"Effects of ShenLing BaiZhu san supplementation on gut microbiota and oxidative stress in rats with ulcerative colitis","volume":"2021","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118599","article-title":"Shenling Baizhu decoction treats ulcerative colitis of spleen-deficiency and dampness obstruction types by targeting 'gut microbiota and galactose metabolism-bone marrow' axis","volume":"335","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0145","first-page":"5863","article-title":"Mechanism of Shenling Baizhu powder on treatment of ulcerative colitis based on NLRP3 inflammatory","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi =China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112105","article-title":"A review of pharmacological and clinical studies on the application of Shenling Baizhu san in treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"244","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0637-2","article-title":"Sequence and cultivation study of Muribaculaceae reveals novel species, host preference, and functional potential of this yet undescribed family","volume":"7","author":"Lagkouvardos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0160","article-title":"Mulberry anthocyanins ameliorate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by improving intestinal barrier function and modulating gut microbiota","volume":"11","author":"Mo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-016-0181-2","article-title":"Genomic characterization of the uncultured Bacteroidales family S24-7 inhabiting the guts of homeothermic animals","volume":"4","author":"Ormerod","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0394-9","article-title":"An automated Raman-based platform for the sorting of live cells by functional properties","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16162660","article-title":"Exploration of the Muribaculaceae family in the gut microbiota: diversity, metabolism, and function","volume":"16","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2023.08.002","article-title":"Spermidine - an old molecule with a new age-defying immune function","volume":"34","author":"Chamoto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102879","article-title":"Spermidine alleviating oxidative stress and apoptosis by inducing autophagy of granulosa cells in Sichuan white geese","volume":"102","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031361","article-title":"Spermidine attenuates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via blocking ca(2+) overload in retinal pigment epithelial cells independently of ROS","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.77704","article-title":"Free spermidine evokes superoxide radicals that manifest toxicity","volume":"11","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.12176","article-title":"Spermidine alleviates oxidative damage and enhances phenolic compounds accumulation in barley seedlings under UV-B stress","volume":"103","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.029","article-title":"Spermidine rescues the deregulated autophagic response to oxidative stress of osteoarthritic chondrocytes","volume":"153","author":"D'Adamo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-024-02104-z","article-title":"Arginase 2 attenuates ulcerative colitis by antioxidant effects of spermidine","volume":"59","author":"Imazu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gobert, A.P., Latour, Y.L., Asim, M., Barry, D.P., Allaman, M.M., Finley, J.L., Smith, T.M., McNamara, K.M., Singh, K., Sierra, J.C., Delgado, A.G., Luis, P.B., Schneider, C., Washington, M.K., Piazuelo, M.B., Zhao, S., Coburn, L.A., Wilson, K.T., 2022. Protective role of spermidine in colitis and colon carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 162(3), 813\u2013827.e818.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.11.005"}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576926008003?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576926008003?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:30:00Z","timestamp":1791995400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576926008003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S1567576926008003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Codonopsis pilosula as the sovereign herb in Shenling Baizhu formula ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis via spermidine-AMPK-mediated mitophagy to inhibit the cGAS-STING inflammatory axis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116954","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116954"}}