{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T01:29:16Z","timestamp":1786325356688,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25JCLMJC00650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25JCLMJC00650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25JCYBJC00630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25JCYBJC00630"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017964","name":"Tianjin Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017964","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017964","name":"Tianjin Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017964","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T12:35:28Z","timestamp":1783427728000},"page":"117069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dioscin suppresses colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis by inhibiting PPAR\u03b3-mediated fatty acid oxidation in TAMs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Xun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixiu","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingdi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.10.035","article-title":"Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: mechanisms and management","volume":"162","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00534-x","article-title":"The inflammatory pathogenesis of colorectal cancer","volume":"21","author":"Schmitt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2023.101041","article-title":"The promising role of tumor-associated macrophages in the treatment of cancer","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Resist. Updat."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00520-5","article-title":"Macrophages as tools and targets in cancer therapy","volume":"21","author":"Mantovani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01478-6","article-title":"Metabolism, metabolites, and macrophages in cancer","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.02.009","article-title":"Targeting lipid metabolism of macrophages: a new strategy for tumor therapy","volume":"68","author":"Shao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2017.12.011","article-title":"Fatty acid oxidation contributes to IL-1\u03b2 secretion in M2 macrophages and promotes macrophage-mediated tumor cell migration","volume":"94","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-002548","article-title":"S100A4 enhances protumor macrophage polarization by control of PPAR-\u03b3-dependent induction of fatty acid oxidation","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-19-0261","article-title":"RIPK3 orchestrates fatty acid metabolism in tumor-associated macrophages and Hepatocarcinogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15030308","article-title":"Fatty acid composition, at equivalent lipid exposure, dictates human macrophage polarization via PPAR\u03b3 signaling","volume":"15","author":"AlSaeed","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2023.03.008","article-title":"Glucose metabolism of TAMs in tumor chemoresistance and metastasis","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00287","article-title":"Regulations of glycolytic activities on macrophages functions in tumor and infectious inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01954-6","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of the immune system in health and diseases: mechanisms and interventions","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14090490","article-title":"Natural products and derivatives targeting metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.09.022","article-title":"Dioscin: a diverse acting natural compound with therapeutic potential in metabolic diseases, cancer, inflammation and infections","volume":"137","author":"Tao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-024-02572-6","article-title":"The anti-cancer activity of Dioscin: an update and future perspective","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.109839","article-title":"Dioscin modulates macrophages polarization and MDSCs differentiation to inhibit tumorigenesis of colitis-associated colorectal cancer","volume":"117","author":"Xun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1815","article-title":"Dioscin: a review on pharmacological properties and therapeutic values","volume":"48","author":"Bandopadhyay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.45710","article-title":"Dioscin facilitates ROS-induced apoptosis via the p38-MAPK\/HSP27-mediated pathways in lung squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154559","article-title":"Dioscin induces M1 macrophage polarization through Connexin-43 channels in tumor-associated-macrophages-mediated melanoma metastasis","volume":"109","author":"Kou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S224062","article-title":"Dioscin inhibited glycolysis and induced cell apoptosis in colorectal cancer via promoting c-myc ubiquitination and subsequent Hexokinase-2 suppression","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Onco. Targets Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.49692","article-title":"Tumor-associated macrophages: role in tumorigenesis and immunotherapy implications","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.08.004","article-title":"The Warburg effect: saturation of mitochondrial NADH shuttles triggers aerobic lactate fermentation","volume":"82","author":"Medeiros","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2023.03.013","article-title":"The Warburg effect: a signature of mitochondrial overload","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"issue":"6636","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm3452","article-title":"Protein-metabolite interactomics of carbohydrate metabolism reveal regulation of lactate dehydrogenase","volume":"379","author":"Hicks","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3824","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-70401-7","article-title":"Extensive enhancer crosstalk controls PPARG2 activation during adipogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Cetnarowska","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/5518933","article-title":"Shared mechanisms in Ppar\u03b31sv and Ppar\u03b32 expression in 3T3-L1 cells: studies on epigenetic and positive feedback regulation of Ppar\u03b3 during Adipogenesis","volume":"2024","author":"Takenaka","year":"2024","journal-title":"PPAR Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-022-00388-0","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3 phase separates with RXR\u03b1 at PPREs to regulate target gene expression","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157850","article-title":"Functional calibration of PPAR\u03b3 by baicalein reverses bone-lipid imbalance in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis","volume":"152","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71234","article-title":"Octanoic acid-rich enteral nutrition regulates intestinal M1\/M2 macrophage polarization via the PPAR\u03b3\/STAT-1\/STAT-6 pathway to alleviate inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"13","author":"Xue","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254317","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1254317","article-title":"A glimpse of the connection between PPAR\u03b3 and macrophage","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2017.1304956","article-title":"Soluplus\/TPGS mixed micelles for dioscin delivery in cancer therapy","volume":"43","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0165","unstructured":"X. Bai, S. Liu, J. Wang, C. Wang, X. Song, In vivo intestinal absorption characteristics of dioscin from Dioscorea nipponica Makino extract in rat. 36(6) (2017) 610-613."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0170","first-page":"3","article-title":"Experimental teaching design of pharmaceutics integrated with scientific research: preparation and characterization of dioscin PLGA nanoparticles","volume":"51","author":"Hou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Guangdong Chem. Ind."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112448","article-title":"Natural saponin and cholesterol assembled nanostructures as the promising delivery method for saponin","volume":"214","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6451","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S258906","article-title":"Tumor microenvironmental responsive liposomes simultaneously encapsulating biological and chemotherapeutic drugs for enhancing antitumor efficacy of NSCLC","volume":"15","author":"Kong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0185","first-page":"6","article-title":"Systematic review of Shuyuzaogan tablet for coronary heart disease","volume":"32","author":"Zhen-Hua","year":"2011","journal-title":"Guide of China Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/904147","article-title":"Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of Di\u2019ao Xinxuekang capsule and isosorbide dinitrate in treating angina pectoris","volume":"2012","author":"Jia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2014.01.019","article-title":"Protective effects of the total saponins from Dioscorea nipponica Makino against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice through suppression of apoptosis and inflammation","volume":"19","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S156757692600915X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S156757692600915X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:53:58Z","timestamp":1786323238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S156757692600915X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S156757692600915X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dioscin suppresses colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis by inhibiting PPAR\u03b3-mediated fatty acid oxidation in TAMs","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117069","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117069"}}