{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T17:05:58Z","timestamp":1789146358009,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013804","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2632026ZD12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2632026ZD12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011933","name":"Chongqing Science and Technology Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSTB 2024NSCQ-KJFZZDX0033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB 2024NSCQ-KJFZZDX0033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011933","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012154","name":"Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["26CXJH1792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26CXJH1792"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012154","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T16:35:27Z","timestamp":1786034127000},"page":"117250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Topical treatment of Ginkgolide a ameliorates psoriasiform dermatitis by suppressing M1 macrophage polarization by the blockade of PI3K\/AKT\/c-JUN pathways"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaowen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiacheng","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinjia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Libin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-025-00630-5","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"11","author":"Armstrong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01655-6","article-title":"Signaling pathways and targeted therapies for psoriasis","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32549-6","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"397","author":"Griffiths","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4006","article-title":"Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of psoriasis: a review","volume":"323","author":"Armstrong","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-022-00695-0","article-title":"Impact of psoriatic disease on quality of life: interim results of a global survey","volume":"12","author":"Armstrong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00184-7","article-title":"Therapeutics targeting the IL-23 and IL-17 pathway in psoriasis","volume":"397","author":"Ghoreschi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-024-08991-7","article-title":"The immunology of psoriasis\u2014current concepts in pathogenesis","volume":"66","author":"Sieminska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-015-0539-8","article-title":"Update on psoriasis immunopathogenesis and targeted immunotherapy","volume":"38","author":"Mahil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.48130\/targetome-0026-0005","article-title":"Xuebijing injection ameliorates LPS-mediated acute lung injury via multi-target synergy by alleviating inflammation and ferroptosis","volume":"2","author":"Hui","year":"2026","journal-title":"Targetome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2024.101306","article-title":"Unveiling multifaceted roles of myeloid innate immune cells in the pathogenesis of psoriasis","volume":"99","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5306","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105306","article-title":"Macrophage functions in psoriasis: lessons from mouse models","volume":"25","author":"Nazimek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6425","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26429","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease","volume":"233","author":"Shapouri-Moghaddam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70256","article-title":"Macrophage signaling pathways in health and disease: from bench to bedside applications","volume":"6","author":"Chi","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2025.026","article-title":"Psoriasis: An update on topical and systemic therapies","volume":"48","author":"Chan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aust. Prescr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7631","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S461514","article-title":"Recent advancements and trends of topical drug delivery systems in psoriasis: a review and bibliometric analysis","volume":"19","author":"An","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17030283","article-title":"Topical therapy in psoriasis: clinical benefits, advances in novel drug delivery strategies, and gene therapy regimen","volume":"17","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19330","article-title":"Randomized phase 3 trial demonstrating high efficacy, favourable safety and convenience of a novel calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate cream for the treatment of psoriasis","volume":"37","author":"Pinter","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4484","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13154484","article-title":"Calcipotriol\/betamethasone dipropionate for the treatment of psoriasis: mechanism of action and evidence of efficacy and safety versus topical corticosteroids","volume":"13","author":"Gisondi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550510042877","article-title":"Dovobet ointment under occlusion overnight for troublesome scalp psoriasis","volume":"86","author":"Downs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.07.087","article-title":"Joint AAD\u2013NPF guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with topical therapy and alternative medicine modalities for psoriasis severity measures","volume":"84","author":"Elmets","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03358.x","article-title":"For the international psoriasis council, topical corticosteroids in psoriasis: strategies for improving safety","volume":"24","author":"Horn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0110","first-page":"357","article-title":"NOVEL APPROACHES TO topical psoriasis therapy","volume":"19","author":"Koyama","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2023.2200570","article-title":"Treatment satisfaction of patients with psoriasis with topical therapy in a real-world setting: unmet need for higher effectiveness","volume":"34","author":"Ninosu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113116","article-title":"Ginkgolide a enhances FoxO1 expression and reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress to mitigate osteoarthritis in mice","volume":"142","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0125","article-title":"Ginkgolide a attenuated apoptosis via inhibition of oxidative stress in mice with traumatic brain injury","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118472","article-title":"Ginkgolide a enhances cognition and reduces amyloid-\u03b2 by activating autophagy in the murine 5xFAD alzheimer\u2019s disease model","volume":"191","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107784","article-title":"A deep dive into UV-based phototherapy: mechanisms of action and emerging molecular targets in inflammation and cancer","volume":"222","author":"Vieyra-Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0140","article-title":"Harnessing the immunomodulation of UV-exposed keratinocyte extracellular vesicles for inflammatory disorder treatment","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90066-3","article-title":"Effect of a ginkgolide mixture (bn 52063) in antagonising skin and platelet responses to platelet activating factor in man","volume":"329","author":"Chung","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110908","article-title":"Therapeutic promises of ginkgolide a: a literature-based review","volume":"132","author":"Sarkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18040794","article-title":"Ginkgolide a ameliorates LPS-induced inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5836","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802999","article-title":"Imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice is mediated via the IL-23\/IL-17 axis","volume":"182","author":"Van Der Fits","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605642","article-title":"Guidelines for the welfare and use of animals in cancer research","volume":"102","author":"An ad hoc committee of the National Cancer Research Institute","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2022.01.012","article-title":"LCN2 mediates skin inflammation in psoriasis through the SREBP2\u2013NLRC4 axis","volume":"142","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.05.008","article-title":"Inflammatory memory in psoriasis: from remission to recurrence","volume":"154","author":"Francis","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.788940","article-title":"The role of helper T cells in psoriasis","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8702-3","article-title":"The immunologic role of IL-17 in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis pathogenesis","volume":"55","author":"Blauvelt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2012.15","article-title":"New insights of T cells in the pathogenesis of psoriasis","volume":"9","author":"Cai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.08.001","article-title":"Pivotal role of dermal IL-17-producing \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in skin inflammation","volume":"35","author":"Cai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830240315","article-title":"T cell clones from psoriasis skin lesions can promote keratinocyte proliferation in vitro via secreted products","volume":"24","author":"Prinz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010042","article-title":"The origin of skin dendritic cell network and its role in psoriasis","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-09014-y","article-title":"Exploring the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages in the context of skin diseases","volume":"51","author":"Apeku","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-020-08804-7","article-title":"A review of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in disease: potential anti-NETs therapeutics","volume":"61","author":"Mutua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13756-4","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular trap-associated RNA and LL37 enable self-amplifying inflammation in psoriasis","volume":"11","author":"Herster","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0225","series-title":"Homocysteine stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in macrophages: Antagonizing effect of ginkgolides and bilobalide","author":"Woo","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1457-9","article-title":"VPS33B interacts with NESG1 to modulate EGFR\/PI3K\/AKT\/c-myc\/P53\/miR-133a-3p signaling and induce 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.091447","article-title":"\u0394 opioid receptors stimulate akt-dependent phosphorylation of c-Jun in T cells","volume":"316","author":"Shahabi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11309","article-title":"miR-3188 regulates nasopharyngeal carcinoma proliferation and chemosensitivity through a FOXO1-modulated positive feedback loop with mTOR-p-PI3K\/AKT-c-JUN","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.2174\/156800909788486740","article-title":"PI3K\/akt\/JNK\/c-Jun signaling pathway is a mediator for arsenite- induced cyclin D1 expression and cell growth in human bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"9","author":"Ding","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr. Cancer Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20907","article-title":"Mitogen activated protein kinase-dependent activation of c-Jun and c-fos is required for neuronal differentiation but not for growth and stress response in PC12 cells","volume":"210","author":"Eriksson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90380-8","article-title":"JNK1: a protein kinase stimulated by UV light and ha-ras that binds and phosphorylates the c-Jun activation domain","volume":"76","author":"D\u00e9rijard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s001090050063","article-title":"Transcription factor AP-1 regulation by mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways","volume":"74","author":"Whitmarsh","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16483","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.28.16483","article-title":"The regulation of AP-1 activity by mitogen-activated protein kinases","volume":"270","author":"Karin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0270","article-title":"Chaihu shugan san exerts antidepressant effects by driving microglial M2 polarization via inhibition of the IL-1\u03b2\/JNK signaling pathway","volume":"360","author":"Ren","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4251","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7905","article-title":"Salidroside ameliorated the pulmonary inflammation induced by cigarette smoke via mitigating <span style=\u201cfont-variant:small-caps;\u201d>M1<\/span> macrophage polarization by JNK \/ c-Jun","volume":"37","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-024-09900-6","article-title":"TRAF6 promotes spinal microglial M1 polarization to aggravate neuropathic pain by activating the c-JUN\/NF-kB signaling pathway","volume":"40","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-025-01487-7","article-title":"Angiopoietin-like protein 8 orchestrates macrophage glycogen metabolism and polarization via the JNK signaling pathway in cytokine storm syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107514","article-title":"Ginkgolide a attenuates sepsis-associated kidney damage via upregulating microRNA-25 with NADPH oxidase 4 as the target","volume":"95","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.02.001","article-title":"Ginkgolide a reduces inflammatory response in high-glucose-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells through STAT3-mediated pathway","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31083\/ph.2016.6576","article-title":"Ginkgolide a inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in human coronary artery endothelial cells via downregulation of TLR4-NF-\u03baB signaling through PI3K\/akt pathway","volume":"71","author":"Zhaocheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2021.111791","article-title":"Use of 18\u03b2-glycyrrhetinic acid nanocrystals to enhance anti-inflammatory activity by improving topical delivery","volume":"205","author":"Quan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.3109\/03639045.2011.630395","article-title":"Enhanced transdermal delivery of 18\u03b2-glycyrrhetic acid via elastic vesicles: in vitro and in vivo evaluation","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120762","article-title":"TPGS assists the percutaneous administration of curcumin and glycyrrhetinic acid coloaded functionalized ethosomes for the synergistic treatment of psoriasis","volume":"604","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0320","first-page":"1778","article-title":"Effects of penetration enhancers on in vitro percutaneous absorption and amount retained in skin of paeonol, dictamnine, fraxinellone and glycyrrhetinic acid in liangfu cream","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0325","first-page":"4665","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of seven bioactive compounds and pharmacokinetics in rat plasma after oral administration of yindan xinnaotong ruanjiaonang by UPLC-MS\/MS","volume":"42","author":"Gong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3074","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of bilobalide, ginkgolide a and B after administration of three different ginkgo biloba L. preparations in humans","volume":"24","author":"Woelkart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0335","series-title":"Transcriptional Regulation of Macrophage Polarization: Enabling Diversity with Identity","author":"Lawrence","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2013.11.004","article-title":"Macrophage polarization and function with emphasis on the evolving roles of coordinated regulation of cellular signaling pathways","volume":"26","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202012409","article-title":"Psoriatic skin inflammation is promoted by c-jun\/AP-1-dependent CCL2 and IL-23 expression in dendritic cells","volume":"13","author":"Novoszel","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24006","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.025528","article-title":"AP-1 activated by toll-like receptors regulates expression of IL-23 p19","volume":"284","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.48130\/targetome-0026-0002","article-title":"Artificial intelligence algorithms drive the deciphering of traditional Chinese medicine by analyzing the chemicalome, targetome, and bioactivome","volume":"2","author":"Song","year":"2026","journal-title":"Targetome"}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576926010969?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576926010969?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T16:07:17Z","timestamp":1789142837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576926010969"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["S1567576926010969"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Topical treatment of Ginkgolide a ameliorates psoriasiform dermatitis by suppressing M1 macrophage polarization by the blockade of PI3K\/AKT\/c-JUN pathways","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117250","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117250"}}