{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T05:25:04Z","timestamp":1793856304279,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:07:19Z","timestamp":1791245239000},"page":"117503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A novel repurposing opportunity for valsartan: angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade dampens muscle-to-brain sensitization in fibromyalgia by targeting lncRNA H19\/miR-29a-3p, inflammatory mediators, AKT\/CREB signaling, neurotrophic factors, and amyloid\u2013Tau pathology"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Reem A.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalaal M.","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan S.","family":"El-Abhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Bakr","family":"Zaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali M.","family":"Choucry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai El-Sayed","family":"Ghoneim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15020206","article-title":"Neuroinflammatory and immunological aspects of fibromyalgia","volume":"15","author":"Findeisen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0091","article-title":"Mechanisms of disease: pain in fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Staud","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0015","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of small fibre impairment in patients with fibromyalgia","volume":"12","author":"Galosi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14040271","article-title":"Fibromyalgia and inflammation: unrevealing the connection","volume":"14","author":"Garc\u00eda-Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-019-04251-6","article-title":"Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and treatment of fibromyalgia","volume":"39","author":"Coskun Benlidayi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S128508","article-title":"Evidence of both systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation in fibromyalgia patients, as assessed by a multiplex protein panel applied to the cerebrospinal fluid and to plasma","author":"B\u00e4ckryd","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.09.012","article-title":"Microglial signalling mechanisms: cathepsin S and fractalkine","volume":"234","author":"Clark","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2602","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab146","article-title":"Is fibromyalgia associated with a unique cytokine profile? a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"O'Mahony","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/life15060849","article-title":"Resistance training before hyperalgesia induction promotes analgesic effects through central and peripheral biomarker modulation in an experimental fibromyalgia-like model","volume":"15","author":"Chiapeta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852920002114","article-title":"Elevated tau and \u03b2-amyloid in the serum of fibromyalgia patients","volume":"27","author":"Nguy","year":"2022","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0055","first-page":"1122","article-title":"Lower circulating IGF-1 levels in fibromyalgia: meta-analysis highlighting potential pathogenic role","volume":"43","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-022-06133-y","article-title":"Gender influence on clinical manifestations, depressive symptoms and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serum levels in patients affected by fibromyalgia","volume":"41","author":"Iannuccelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29050","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-12552-z","article-title":"IGF-1R promotes pain-like behavior in rats with myofascial pain syndrome via the PI3K\/AKT pathway","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-7690com","article-title":"Local expression of IGF-1 accelerates muscle regeneration by rapidly modulating inflammatory cytokines and chemokines","volume":"21","author":"Pelosi","year":"2007","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202402421R","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor drives muscle adaptation similar to aerobic training in mice","volume":"39","author":"Brown","year":"2025","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2024.117037","article-title":"Ameliorative effect of nano-pregabalin in gastrocnemius muscle of gamma irradiated rats with an experimental model of fibromyalgia: Crosstalk of Sirt3, IL-1\u03b2 and PARP1 pathways","volume":"490","author":"Samy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114173","article-title":"LncRNA H19 via miR-29a-3p is involved in lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis induced by neodymium oxide","volume":"247","author":"Bu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.14348\/molcells.2021.0066","article-title":"LncRNA H19 drives proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and collagen production via suppression of the miR-29a-3p\/miR-29b-3p-VEGFA\/TGF-\u03b2 axis","volume":"45","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0095","article-title":"Angiotensin-related peptides and their role in pain regulation","volume":"12","author":"Nemoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol.-Basel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765202120210618","article-title":"Fibromyalgia: a review of related polymorphisms and clinical relevance","volume":"93","author":"Janssen","year":"2021","journal-title":"An. Acad. Bras. Cienc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173870","article-title":"Inhibitors of angiotensin I converting enzyme potentiate fibromyalgia-like pain symptoms via kinin receptors in mice","volume":"895","author":"Brusco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003159","article-title":"Transcriptomic profiling reveals a pronociceptive role for angiotensin II in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"165","author":"Higham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000704","article-title":"Nociceptive and transcriptomic responses in a swine diabetic wound model treated with a topical angiotensin 1 receptor antagonist","volume":"73","author":"Weiss","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nurs. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2024.07.001","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of propranolol versus valsartan in the prevention of migraine: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Mosarrezaii","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pain Manag. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3393","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31547","article-title":"Valsartan lowers brain \u03b2-amyloid protein levels and improves spatial learning in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease","volume":"117","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10805","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04237-x","article-title":"Valsartan: an angiotensin receptor blocker modulates BDNF expression and provides neuroprotection against cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury","volume":"61","author":"Ali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.897109","article-title":"Long term metabolic effects of sacubitril\/valsartan in non-diabetic and diabetic patients with heart failure reduced ejection fraction: a real life study","volume":"13","author":"Armentaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2009.06.004","article-title":"AT1 receptor blockers increase insulin-like growth factor-I production by stimulating sensory neurons in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"154","author":"Harada","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.7324\/JAPS.2024.194605","article-title":"New insights into repurposing of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors against Alzheimer's disease","volume":"15","author":"Mishra","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Appl. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0150","first-page":"223","article-title":"Fibromyalgia syndrome pain in men and women: a scoping review","author":"Ruschak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2024.05.012","article-title":"Exercise training alleviates symptoms and cognitive decline in a reserpine-induced fibromyalgia model by activating hippocampal PGC-1\u03b1\/FNDC5\/BDNF pathway","volume":"549","author":"Belviranl\u0131","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-025-10207-4","article-title":"Possible interaction of suramin with thalamic P2X receptors and NLRP3 inflammasome activation alleviates reserpine-induced fibromyalgia-like symptoms","volume":"20","author":"Mohamed","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. NeuroImmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0165","series-title":"Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals","author":"Garber","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000100665.67510.F5","article-title":"Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 plays a pivotal role in angiotensin II\u2013induced cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling","volume":"93","author":"Izumiya","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3098","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.49373","article-title":"Angiotensin II receptor Neprilysin inhibitor (LCZ696) compared to valsartan attenuates hepatotoxicity in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats","volume":"17","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/03946320231161469","article-title":"Study of the possible effect of sacubitril\/valsartan combination versus valsartan on the cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease model in rats","volume":"37","author":"El-din Hussein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.04.019","article-title":"Coumestrol\/hydroxypropyl-\u03b2-cyclodextrin association incorporated in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose hydrogel exhibits wound healing effect: in vitro and in vivo study","volume":"119","author":"Bianchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.1933","article-title":"Assessment of mechanical allodynia in rats using the electronic von Frey test","volume":"6","author":"Ferrier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bio-Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-025-10194-6","article-title":"Modafinil ameliorated fibromyalgia syndrome in rats by modulating mast cells and microglia activation through dopamine\/substance P\/MRGPRX\/histamine and PI3K\/p-Akt\/NF-\u03baB Signaling pathways","volume":"20","author":"Kamal","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. NeuroImmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142301.ns0812s15","article-title":"Motor coordination and balance in rodents","volume":"15","author":"Carter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212 \u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0210","series-title":"Theory and practice of histological techniqueseighth","first-page":"126","volume":"8","author":"Suvarna","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfp166","article-title":"Biomarkers of drug-induced skeletal muscle injury in the rat: troponin I and myoglobin","volume":"111","author":"Vassallo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.12.004","article-title":"Spinal AT1R contributes to neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain via NOX2-dependent redox signaling in microglia","volume":"227","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2010.11.003","article-title":"AT1 receptors as mechanosensors","volume":"11","author":"Schnitzler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-013-9934-7","article-title":"Effect of subpressor dose of angiotensin II on pain-related behavior in relation with neuronal injury and activation of satellite glial cells in the rat dorsal root ganglia","volume":"33","author":"Pavel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1358\/mf.2010.32.9.1529826","article-title":"Effect of the AT\u2081 receptor antagonist losartan on diurnal variation in pain threshold in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"32","author":"Pechlivanova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.3923\/jpt.2007.533.541","article-title":"Effect of ramipril valsartan and candesartan on thermal and visceral pain in mice","volume":"2","author":"Omar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.17712\/nsj.2015.2.20140511","article-title":"Telmisartan inhibits hyperalgesia and inflammatory progression in a diabetic neuropathic pain model of Wistar rats","volume":"20","author":"Al-Rejaie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7949","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15427","article-title":"Losartan attenuates neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain in paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy","volume":"24","author":"Kalynovska","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0255","first-page":"176","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA H19 in the injured dorsal root ganglion contributes to peripheral nerve injury-induced pain hypersensitivity","volume":"7","author":"Wen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Perioper. Pain Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trim.2021.101526","article-title":"LncRNA H19 modulates neuropathic pain through miR-141\/GLI2 axis in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats","volume":"71","author":"Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transpl. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4081\/ejh.2020.3155","article-title":"An emerging potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis: LncRNA H19\/miR-29a-3p axis","volume":"64","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Histochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2009.08.003","article-title":"Fascia: a missing link in our understanding of the pathology of fibromyalgia","volume":"14","author":"Liptan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078762","article-title":"Profile of cerebrospinal microRNAs in fibromyalgia","volume":"8","author":"Bjersing","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5189","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3338-07.2008","article-title":"Cytokine mechanisms of central sensitization: distinct and overlapping role of interleukin-1\u03b2, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in regulating synaptic and neuronal activity in the superficial spinal cord","volume":"28","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0607-6","article-title":"Interleukin-6: an emerging regulator of pathological pain","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S205987","article-title":"Inhibition of chemokine CX3CL1 in spinal cord mediates the electroacupuncture-induced suppression of inflammatory pain","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0295","article-title":"CX3CL1\/CX3CR1 signal mediates M1-type microglia and accelerates high-altitude-induced forgetting","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2021.1023","article-title":"MiR-29a-3p improves acute lung injury by reducing alveolar epithelial cell PANoptosis","volume":"13","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0305","article-title":"The protective effect of angiotensin II type I receptor blocker (valsartan) on behavioral impairment, NLRP3, BDNF, and oxidative stress in the brain tissue of ovariectomized female rats","volume":"12","author":"Erdem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.06.032","article-title":"Inhibition of interleukin-6 function attenuates the central sensitization and pain behavior induced by osteoarthritis","volume":"811","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00121","article-title":"Fractalkine\/CX3CR1 signaling during neuropathic pain","volume":"8","author":"Clark","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-008-9279-9","article-title":"Increase in reactive oxygen species and activation of Akt signaling pathway in neuropathic pain","volume":"28","author":"Guedes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-017-0541-x","article-title":"PI3K\/Akt pathway is required for spinal central sensitization in neuropathic pain","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2013.10.015","article-title":"Endogenous PI3K\/Akt and NMDAR act independently in the regulation of CREB activity in lumbosacral spinal cord in cystitis","volume":"250","author":"Kay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.slast.2025.100312","article-title":"Expression of PTEN, Akt and CREB genes in trigeminal ganglia of intractable migraine","volume":"33","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"SLAS Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0340","series-title":"A potential role of GSK-3beta in the development of pain post-spinal cord injury","author":"Ernst","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11123279","article-title":"Differential regulation of intracisternally injected angiotensin II-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in rats","volume":"11","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105384","article-title":"Angiotensin II type 1 receptor activation induces dorsal horn capillary constriction and pain hypersensitivity","volume":"30","author":"Hardowar","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078695","article-title":"NF-\u03baB and CREB are required for angiotensin II type 1 receptor upregulation in neurons","volume":"8","author":"Haack","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3228","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113228","article-title":"IL-1\u03b2 and TNF\u03b1 cooperativity in regulating IL-6 expression in adipocytes depends on CREB binding and H3K14 acetylation","volume":"10","author":"Al-Roub","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.70267","article-title":"Fractalkine is a key player in skeletal muscle metabolism and pathophysiology","volume":"293","author":"Swalsingh","year":"2025","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114569","article-title":"LCZ696 (sacubitril\/valsartan) inhibits pulmonary hypertension induced right ventricular remodeling by targeting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4","volume":"162","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-7-51","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) induces the activation\/phosphorylation of Akt kinase and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) by activating different signaling pathways in PC12 cells","volume":"7","author":"Zheng","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.595969","article-title":"Carbonic anhydrase 12 protects endplate cartilage from degeneration regulated by IGF-1\/PI3K\/CREB signaling pathway","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.357901","article-title":"Exosome-transported lncRNA H19 regulates insulin-like growth factor-1 via the H19\/let-7a\/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor axis in ischemic stroke","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.10960","article-title":"Down-regulation of the non-coding RNA H19 and its derived miR-675 is concomitant with up-regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor type 1 during neural-like differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"42","author":"Farzi-Molan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI22324","article-title":"Muscle-specific expression of IGF-1 blocks angiotensin II\u2013induced skeletal muscle wasting","volume":"115","author":"Song","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R34","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4187","article-title":"Exercise and obesity in fibromyalgia: beneficial roles of IGF-1 and resistin?","volume":"15","author":"Bjersing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16050760","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) related drugs in pain management","volume":"16","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-10-46","article-title":"Higher serum S100B and BDNF levels are correlated with a lower pressure-pain threshold in fibromyalgia","volume":"10","author":"Zanette","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.02.007","article-title":"Increased BDNF serum concentration in fibromyalgia with or without depression or antidepressants","volume":"41","author":"Laske","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05369-8","article-title":"Comparison of the serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) between fibromyalgia and nociceptive pain groups; and effect of duloxetine on the BDNF level","volume":"23","author":"Bidari","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16111","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1900544116","article-title":"BDNF is a mediator of glycolytic fiber-type specification in mouse skeletal muscle","volume":"116","author":"Delezie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2021.1985257","article-title":"Muscle-generated BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor) maintains mitochondrial quality control in female mice","volume":"18","author":"Ahuja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2017.21.4.361","article-title":"Effects of tianeptine on symptoms of fibromyalgia via BDNF signaling in a fibromyalgia animal model","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00070.2011","article-title":"Reduced TrkB expression results in precocious age-like changes in neuromuscular structure, neurotransmission, and muscle function","volume":"111","author":"Kulakowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2014.05.006","article-title":"Valsartan reverses depressive\/anxiety-like behavior and induces hippocampal neurogenesis and expression of BDNF protein in unpredictable chronic mild stress mice","volume":"124","author":"Ping","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0450-5","article-title":"Angiotensin II receptor blockers attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment by modulation of NF-\u03baB-mediated BDNF\/CREB expression and apoptosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"55","author":"Goel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4888-z","article-title":"Novel therapeutic potential of angiotensin receptor 1 blockade in a rat model of diabetes-associated depression parallels altered BDNF signalling","volume":"62","author":"Lenart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7593802","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7593802","article-title":"Efficacy of whole-body vibration training on brain-derived neurotrophic factor, clinical and functional outcomes, and quality of life in women with fibromyalgia syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"2021","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Healthc. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114431","article-title":"Role of sacubitril\/valsartan in modulating diabetes mediated cognitive and neuronal impairment","volume":"154","author":"Al-Ashram","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3282f2dac9","article-title":"Candesartan but not ramipril pretreatment improves outcome after stroke and stimulates neurotrophin BNDF\/TrkB system in rats","volume":"26","author":"Krikov","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(01)00717-0","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 modulates cytokine and cytokine receptors in C2C12 myotubes","volume":"175","author":"Alvarez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103418","article-title":"Deficiency of muscle-generated brain-derived neurotrophic factor causes inflammatory myopathy through reactive oxygen species-mediated necroptosis and pyroptosis","volume":"78","author":"Pang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0485","series-title":"Advances in Alzheimer's Research Volume 1","first-page":"128","article-title":"Taking down the unindicted co-conspirators of amyloid \u03b2-peptide-mediated neuronal death: shared gene regulation of BACE1 and APP genes interacting with CREB, Fe65 and YY1 transcription factors","author":"Lahiri","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6415","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0710263105","article-title":"Loss of microRNA cluster miR-29a\/b-1 in sporadic Alzheimer's disease correlates with increased BACE1\/\u03b2-secretase expression","volume":"105","author":"H\u00e9bert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2018.04.014","article-title":"Systematic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid proteome of fibromyalgia patients","volume":"190","author":"Khoonsari","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Proteome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S215348","article-title":"CSF levels of apolipoprotein C1 and autotaxin found to associate with neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia","author":"Lind","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5284","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02909-0","article-title":"p38 MAPK is a major regulator of amyloid beta-induced IL-6 expression in human microglia","volume":"59","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2007.01.003","article-title":"A\u03b21\u201342 modulation of Akt phosphorylation via \u03b17 nAChR and NMDA receptors","volume":"29","author":"Abbott","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148743","article-title":"Alleviation of behavioral deficits, amyloid-\u03b2 deposition, and mitochondrial structure damage associated with mitophagy upregulation in AD animal models via AAV9-IGF-1 treatment","volume":"1827","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18040527","article-title":"Central insulin-like growth factor-1 treatment enhances working and reference memory by reducing neuroinflammation and amyloid beta deposition in a rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease","volume":"18","author":"Dunacka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0525","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin-system increases phosphorylated tau and reactive oxygen species in human cortical neuron cell line","volume":"32","author":"De Dios","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2006.00343.x","article-title":"Melatonin arrests peroxynitrite-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and the overactivation of protein kinases in rat brain","volume":"41","author":"Yin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0535","article-title":"Network pharmacology-based study of the therapeutic mechanism of resveratrol for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"41","author":"Yingyan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. South. Med. Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10299","article-title":"p35\/Cdk5 pathway mediates soluble amyloid-\u03b2 peptide-induced tau phosphorylation in vitro","volume":"69","author":"Town","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47040233","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor 1 impact on Alzheimer's disease: role in inflammation, stress, and cognition","volume":"47","author":"Zegarra-Valdivia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46359","article-title":"Insulin deprivation induces PP2A inhibition and tau hyperphosphorylation in hTau mice, a model of Alzheimer's disease-like tau pathology","volume":"7","author":"Gratuze","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-021-00787-4","article-title":"Exogenous IGF-1 improves tau pathology and neuronal pyroptosis in high-fat diet mice with cognitive dysfunction","volume":"36","author":"Sui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0560","first-page":"1","article-title":"Azilsartan prevents central modulation of BDNF and PPAR\u03b3 in Alzheimer's pathology through amyloidogenic and inflammatory pathways: experimental and computational evidence","author":"Karmakar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150487","article-title":"Older adults taking AT1-receptor blockers exhibit reduced cerebral amyloid retention","volume":"50","author":"Nation","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer's Dis"}],"container-title":["International Immunopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576926013512?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567576926013512?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T04:38:21Z","timestamp":1793853501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567576926013512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":113,"alternative-id":["S1567576926013512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-5769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-5769","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A novel repurposing opportunity for valsartan: angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade dampens muscle-to-brain sensitization in fibromyalgia by targeting lncRNA H19\/miR-29a-3p, inflammatory mediators, AKT\/CREB signaling, neurotrophic factors, and amyloid\u2013Tau pathology","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Immunopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.117503","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117503"}}