{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:47:40Z","timestamp":1792082860421,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Internet Interventions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T15:24:06Z","timestamp":1790609046000},"page":"101006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["No easy fix for adherence in internet interventions: two randomized studies targeting adherence self-efficacy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Maciejewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Lesnierowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Carlbring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Smoktunowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2004.00305.x","article-title":"Appreciation: individual differences in finding value and meaning as a unique predictor of subjective well-being","volume":"73","author":"Adler","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pers."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2026.2652294","article-title":"Preferences, tailoring, and self-tailoring in internet-delivered treatments: lessons learned","volume":"26","author":"Andersson","year":"2026","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0015","series-title":"Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control","author":"Bandura","year":"1997"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/23029","article-title":"A brief intervention to increase uptake and adherence of an Internet-based program for depression and anxiety (enhancing engagement with psychosocial interventions): randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Batterham","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/20631","article-title":"Digital micro interventions for behavioral and mental health gains: core components and conceptualization of digital micro intervention care","volume":"22","author":"Baumel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-016-9556-9","article-title":"A systematic review of predictors of, and reasons for, adherence to online psychological interventions","volume":"23","author":"Beatty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176241260819","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for psychotherapy: a review of the current state and future directions","volume":"47","author":"Beg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2024.94","article-title":"Interventions for improving adherence to psychological treatments for common mental disorders: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Biswal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glob. Ment. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/24387","article-title":"Barriers to and facilitators of user engagement with digital mental health interventions: systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Borghouts","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s44247-024-00105-9","article-title":"Engagement and retention in digital mental health interventions: a narrative review","volume":"2","author":"Boucher","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Digit. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.5710","article-title":"Gamification and adherence to web-based mental health interventions: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"JMIR Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2023.100670","article-title":"Usage of unguided, guided, and blended care for depression offered in routine clinical care: lessons learned","volume":"34","author":"Buelens","year":"2023","journal-title":"Internet Interv."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/09638237.2023.2210663","article-title":"\u201cI don\u2019t have time\u201d: an exploration of the role of time pressures in acceptance of internet interventions for mental health","volume":"33","author":"Busby Grant","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ment. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03","article-title":"mice: multivariate imputation by chained equations in R","volume":"45","author":"Buuren","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.100904","article-title":"The end of \u201clogging in\u201d: the next 10 years of internet interventions","volume":"43","author":"Carlbring","year":"2026","journal-title":"Internet Interv."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1194","article-title":"Adherence in internet interventions for anxiety and depression","volume":"11","author":"Christensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01009","article-title":"Effects of Internet-based self-efficacy intervention on secondary traumatic stress and secondary posttraumatic growth among health and human services professionals exposed to indirect trauma","volume":"7","author":"Cieslak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A global measure of perceived stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000969","article-title":"Credibility and expectations: important factors for understanding clinical response, treatment completion, and dropout in internet-delivered psychological interventions","volume":"93","author":"Dear","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1772","article-title":"A systematic review of the impact of adherence on the effectiveness of e-therapies","volume":"13","author":"Donkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407518776134","article-title":"Perceived social support, received social support, and depression among clergy","volume":"36","author":"Eagle","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Soc. Pers. Relat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2025.100818","article-title":"Is one additional phone call enough? - effectiveness of additional human support to reduce dropout from an internet-based intervention for depressive symptoms: a randomized-controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Eicher","year":"2025","journal-title":"Internet Interv."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7.1.e11","article-title":"The law of attrition","volume":"7","author":"Eysenbach","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/77362","article-title":"Understanding adherence to digital health technologies: systematic review of predictive factors","volume":"27","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/43727","article-title":"Assessing patient adherence to and engagement with digital interventions for depression in clinical trials: systematic literature review","volume":"25","author":"Forbes","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2021.764079","article-title":"Effect of engagement with digital interventions on mental health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Gan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Digital Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0135","article-title":"Technology-supported strategies for promoting user engagement with digital mental health interventions: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Gan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Digit. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00923-7","article-title":"Selecting and describing control conditions in mobile health randomized controlled trials: a proposed typology","volume":"6","author":"Goldberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Npj Digit. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1080\/10478400802049951","article-title":"Student sampling as a theoretical problem","volume":"19","author":"Henry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Inq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0150","article-title":"CONSORT 2025 statement: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials","volume":"389","author":"Hopewell","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-01611-4","article-title":"A scoping review of large language models for generative tasks in mental health care","volume":"8","author":"Hua","year":"2025","journal-title":"Npj Digit. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/50863","article-title":"A digital intervention to promote self-management self-efficacy among community-dwelling individuals with stroke: pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Rehabil. Assist. Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.9925","article-title":"A web-based acceptance-facilitating intervention for identifying patients\u2019 acceptance, uptake, and adherence of internet- and mobile-based pain interventions: randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/39204","article-title":"Digital mental health interventions for depression: scoping review of user engagement","volume":"24","author":"Lipschitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s40501-023-00297-3","article-title":"The engagement problem: a review of engagement with digital mental health interventions and recommendations for a path forward","volume":"10","author":"Lipschitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2023.100653","article-title":"Low-effort internet intervention to reduce students\u2019 stress delivered with Meta\u2019s Messenger chatbot (Stressbot): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Maciejewski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Internet Interv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0185","author":"Magnusson"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760903569154","article-title":"Behavioral activation interventions for well-being: a meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Mazzucchelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Posit. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2021.653686","article-title":"Improving acceptability and uptake behavior for internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy","volume":"3","author":"Molloy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Digital Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721004621","article-title":"Impact of guidance on intervention adherence in computerised interventions for mental health problems: a meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Musiat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186458","article-title":"Is patient empowerment the key to promote adherence? A systematic review of the relationship between self-efficacy, health locus of control and medication adherence","volume":"12","author":"N\u00e1fr\u00e1di","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305103","article-title":"Effects of a digital self-efficacy training in stressed university students: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Rohde","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/57082","article-title":"Application of an adapted health action process approach model to predict engagement with a digital mental health website: cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Rouvere","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Hum. Factors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0220","author":"Sabat\u00e9"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164405282471","article-title":"The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: a cross-national study","volume":"66","author":"Schaufeli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlpt.2024.100848","article-title":"Apps don\u2019t work for patients who don\u2019t use them: towards frameworks for digital therapeutics adherence","volume":"13","author":"Schwartz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Policy Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024509","article-title":"Mechanisms of health behavior change in persons with chronic illness or disability: the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA)","volume":"56","author":"Schwarzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rehabil. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/21445","article-title":"Resource-based internet intervention (med-stress) to improve well-being among medical professionals: randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Smoktunowicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2023.100697","article-title":"Bridging the adherence gap in internet interventions: a randomized controlled trial study protocol investigating context-specific self-efficacy","volume":"35","author":"Smoktunowicz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Internet Interv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2025.100880","article-title":"Doing it together: qualitative study on barriers and facilitators to dyadic internet interventions for interrole conflict","author":"Smoktunowicz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Internet Interv."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21299","article-title":"The evolving field of digital mental health: current evidence and implementation issues for smartphone apps, generative artificial intelligence, and virtual reality","volume":"24","author":"Torous","year":"2025","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjment-2025-301641","article-title":"Effectiveness of just-in-time adaptive interventions for improving mental health and psychological well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Von L\u00fctzow","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0265","series-title":"Linear Mixed Models: A Practical Guide Using Statistical Software","author":"West","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.8814","article-title":"Turning good intentions into actions by using the health action process approach to predict adherence to internet-based depression prevention: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Zarski","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000728","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the health action process approach","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Psychol."}],"container-title":["Internet Interventions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214782926001053?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214782926001053?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:53:47Z","timestamp":1792079627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2214782926001053"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S2214782926001053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006","relation":{},"ISSN":["2214-7829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2214-7829","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"No easy fix for adherence in internet interventions: two randomized studies targeting adherence self-efficacy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Internet Interventions","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.invent.2026.101006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101006"}}