{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:24:41Z","timestamp":1786991081221,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004055","name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ISA Transactions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T10:33:13Z","timestamp":1619519593000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Event-triggering control scheme for discrete time Cyberphysical Systems in the presence of simultaneous hybrid stochastic attacks"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Mutaz M.","family":"Hamdan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9397-9208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdi S.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uthman A.","family":"Baroudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b1","series-title":"Design Automation Conference","first-page":"731","article-title":"Cyber-physical systems: the next computing revolution","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b2","article-title":"Detection of false data injection attacks in smart grids based on graph signal processing","author":"Drayer","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Syst J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b3","article-title":"Optimal power allocation for multiple dos attackers in wireless networked control systems","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"ISA Trans"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4200","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2805910","article-title":"Design of distributed cyber\u2013physical systems for connected and automated vehicles with implementing methodologies","volume":"14","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Inf"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b5","first-page":"341","article-title":"An overview and some challenges in cyber-physical systems","volume":"93","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Indian Inst Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4232","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2841033","article-title":"Jamming and eavesdropping defense in green cyber\u2013physical transportation systems using a stackelberg game","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Inf"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2013.2257594","article-title":"Intrusion detection in cyber-physical systems: Techniques and challenges","volume":"8","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Syst J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2015.2425142","article-title":"Energy-efficient intrusion detection and mitigation for networked control systems security","volume":"11","author":"Muradore","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Inf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2017.10.009","article-title":"A survey on security control and attack detection for industrial cyber-physical systems","volume":"275","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1109\/JPETS.2019.2923970","article-title":"Identifying and anticipating cyberattacks that could cause physical damage to industrial control systems","volume":"6","author":"Angle","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Power Energy Technol Syst J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Improved control of cyber-physical systems subject to cyber and physical attacks","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cyber-Phys Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.01.099","article-title":"Modeling and control of cyber-physical systems subject to cyber attacks: a survey of recent advances and challenges","volume":"338","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2016.2542208","article-title":"Resilient control of networked control system under DoS attacks: A unified game approach","volume":"12","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Inf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1109\/TCNS.2016.2613445","article-title":"Event-triggered control systems under denial-of-service attacks","volume":"4","author":"Dolk","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Control Netw Syst"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cta.2017.0819","article-title":"Dos attack in centralised sensor network against state estimation","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IET Control Theory Appl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b16","article-title":"Security control of cyber\u2013physical system based on switching approach for intermittent denial-of-service jamming attack","author":"Ge","year":"2019","journal-title":"ISA Trans"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2019.12.014","article-title":"Observer\u2013based Hinfty control for cyber\u2013physical systems encountering DoS jamming attacks: An attack-tolerant approach","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ISA transactions"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2012.2211873","article-title":"Cyber security of water SCADA systems Part I: Analysis and experimentation of stealthy deception attacks","volume":"21","author":"Amin","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Control Syst Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2017.04.047","article-title":"Data-injection attacks in stochastic control systems: Detectability and performance tradeoffs","volume":"82","author":"Bai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2016.09.009","article-title":"On scheduling of deception attacks for discrete-time networked systems equipped with attack detectors","volume":"219","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cta.2017.0868","article-title":"Secure filtering for stochastic non-linear systems under multiple missing measurements and deception attacks","volume":"12","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"IET Control Theory Appl"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cta.2016.0135","article-title":"Event-based security control for discrete-time stochastic systems","volume":"10","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"IET Control Theory Appl"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2017.05.016","article-title":"Towards quantifying the impact of randomly occurred attacks on a class of networked control systems","volume":"354","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Franklin Inst B"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2019.2949014","article-title":"Finite-time H\u221e filtering for state-dependent uncertain systems with event-triggered mechanism and multiple attacks","volume":"67","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I Regul Pap"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2017.05.015","article-title":"Real-time DDoS attack detection using FPGA","volume":"110","author":"Hoque","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2018.02.025","article-title":"An intelligent cyber security system against ddos attacks in sip networks","volume":"136","author":"Semerci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput Netw"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s11768-018-8002-8","article-title":"Secure design for cloud control system against distributed denial of service attack","volume":"16","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Control Theory Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b28","series-title":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Denial of service attacks and mitigation for stability in cyber-enabled power grid","author":"Srikantha","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcip.2011.06.003","article-title":"A dependable architecture to mitigate distributed denial of service attacks on network-based control systems","volume":"4","author":"Beitollahi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Crit Infrastruct Prot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b30","series-title":"International Workshop on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control","first-page":"31","article-title":"Safe and secure networked control systems under denial-of-service attacks","author":"Amin","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teixeira A, P\u00e9rez D, Sandberg H, Johansson KH. Attack models and scenarios for networked control systems, In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on High Confidence Networked Systems, 2012: p. 55\u201364.","DOI":"10.1145\/2185505.2185515"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1109\/37.898794","article-title":"Stability of networked control systems","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Control Syst Mag"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2006.887306","article-title":"Foundations of control and estimation over lossy networks","volume":"95","author":"Schenato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2008.2010999","article-title":"To zero or to hold control inputs with lossy links?","volume":"54","author":"Schenato","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Automat Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b35","series-title":"Networked Control Systems","first-page":"37","article-title":"Chapter 2 - networked control systems\u2019 fundamentals","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b36","article-title":"Adaptive event-triggered consensus of multi-agent systems on directed graphs","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Automat Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2020.108898","article-title":"Consensus of multi-agent systems via fully distributed event-triggered control","volume":"116","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b38","article-title":"Event-based formation control for multi-agent systems under dos attacks","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Automat Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2015.11.014","article-title":"Event-triggered output feedback control for distributed networked systems","volume":"60","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISA Trans"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b40","series-title":"Toward cyber-secure and resilient networked control systems","author":"Teixeira","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3390\/e21020210","article-title":"An overview on denial-of-service attacks in control systems: Attack models and security analyses","volume":"21","author":"Cetinkaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3860","DOI":"10.3390\/en13153860","article-title":"A comprehensive review of the cyber-attacks and cyber-security on load frequency control of power systems","volume":"13","author":"Mohan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s10957-009-9560-1","article-title":"Robust stability and stabilization of a class of nonlinear switched discrete-time systems with time-varying delays","volume":"143","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Optim Theory Appl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b44","first-page":"1","article-title":"Secure control of cyber physical systems subject to stochastic distributed dos and deception attacks","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Internat J Systems Sci"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cta.2012.0487","article-title":"New results on networked control systems with non-stationary packet dropouts","volume":"6","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2012","journal-title":"IET Control Theory Appl"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1109\/87.845876","article-title":"The quadruple-tank process: A multivariable laboratory process with an adjustable zero","volume":"8","author":"Johansson","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Control Syst Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027_b47","first-page":"2088","article-title":"Design of observer-based robust power system stabilizers.","volume":"6","author":"Soliman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Electr Comput Eng"}],"container-title":["ISA Transactions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001905782100224X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001905782100224X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T01:04:59Z","timestamp":1758071099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001905782100224X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S001905782100224X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-0578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-0578","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Event-triggering control scheme for discrete time Cyberphysical Systems in the presence of simultaneous hybrid stochastic attacks","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"ISA Transactions","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}