{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T17:07:14Z","timestamp":1793207234233,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310030_189153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030_189153"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31003A_172878"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31003A_172878"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006389","name":"Universit\u00e9 de Gen\u00e8ve","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006389","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["iScience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T21:23:10Z","timestamp":1606252990000},"page":"101839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":170,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 Receptors and Entry Genes Are Expressed in the Human Olfactory Neuroepithelium and Brain"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4786-5055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leon","family":"Fodoulian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00ebl","family":"Tuberosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Rossier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3861-6762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madlaina","family":"Boillat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenda","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Pauli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristof","family":"Egervari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes A.","family":"Lobrinus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basile N.","family":"Landis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Carleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00686390","article-title":"Olfactory neural pathway in mouse hepatitis virus nasoencephalitis","volume":"76","author":"Barthold","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-3674-x","article-title":"The predictive nature of transcript expression levels on protein expression in adult human brain","volume":"18","author":"Bauernfeind","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230390201101","article-title":"Methimazole-induced damage in the olfactory mucosa: effects on ultrastructure and glutathione levels","volume":"31","author":"Bergstrom","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35876","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035876","article-title":"Influenza and SARS-coronavirus activating proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT are expressed at multiple sites in human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts","volume":"7","author":"Bertram","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00210","article-title":"Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry proteins, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, in cells of the olfactory epithelium: identification of cell types and trends with age","volume":"11","author":"Bilinska","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib7","article-title":"Non-neural expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory epithelium suggests mechanisms underlying anosmia in COVID-19 patients","author":"Brann","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabc5801","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abc5801","article-title":"Non-neuronal expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory system suggests mechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated anosmia","volume":"6","author":"Brann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.06.032","article-title":"Massive transient damage of the olfactory epithelium associated with infection of sustentacular cells by SARS-CoV-2 in golden Syrian hamsters","volume":"89","author":"Bryche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30154-9","article-title":"A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster","volume":"395","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.06.032","article-title":"COVID-19 and the chemical senses: supporting players take center stage","volume":"107","author":"Cooper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1560","article-title":"Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in SARS patients: implications for pathogenesis and virus transmission pathways","volume":"203","author":"Ding","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R373","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00292.2006","article-title":"Differential expression of neuronal ACE2 in transgenic mice with overexpression of the brain renin-angiotensin system","volume":"292","author":"Doobay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0587-9","article-title":"Single-cell analysis of olfactory neurogenesis and differentiation in adult humans","volume":"23","author":"Durante","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.6b00043","article-title":"The olfactory bulb: an immunosensory effector organ during neurotropic viral infections","volume":"7","author":"Durrant","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.63.2.209","article-title":"Respiratory versus gastro-intestinal infection in poliomyelitis","volume":"63","author":"Flexner","year":"1936","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib17","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 receptor and entry genes are expressed by sustentacular cells in the human olfactory neuroepithelium","author":"Fodoulian","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa330","article-title":"Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a cross-sectional study","volume":"71","author":"Giacomelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050828","article-title":"Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS","volume":"202","author":"Gu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0953-816X.2004.03331.x","article-title":"NQO1 activity in the main and the accessory olfactory systems correlates with the zonal topography of projection maps","volume":"19","author":"Gussing","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e601","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009619","article-title":"Miller Fisher Syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis in COVID-19","volume":"95","author":"Gutierrez-Ortiz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.140","article-title":"Anosmia as a prominent symptom of COVID-19 infection","volume":"58","author":"Heidari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.116","article-title":"Presentation of new onset anosmia during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"58","author":"Hopkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.3390\/v11080757","article-title":"IFN-lambda decreases murid herpesvirus-4 infection of the olfactory epithelium but fails to prevent virus reactivation in the vaginal mucosa","volume":"11","author":"Jacobs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2000)086[0050:ALMSOT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A light microscopy study of the migration of Naegleria fowleri from the nasal submucosa to the central nervous system during the early stage of primary amebic meningoencephalitis in mice","volume":"86","author":"Jarolim","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfq071","article-title":"Nickel sulfate induces location-dependent atrophy of mouse olfactory epithelium: protective and proliferative role of purinergic receptor activation","volume":"115","author":"Jia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06281","article-title":"Innate versus learned odour processing in the mouse olfactory bulb","volume":"450","author":"Kobayakawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005274","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005274","article-title":"Tissue-specificity of gene expression diverges slowly between orthologs, and rapidly between paralogs","volume":"12","author":"Kryuchkova-Mostacci","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4038","article-title":"Integrative single-cell analysis of transcriptional and epigenetic states in the human adult brain","volume":"36","author":"Lake","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0688-y","article-title":"Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses","volume":"5","author":"Letko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib33","first-page":"674","article-title":"Olfactory receptor neuronal dendrites become mostly intra-sustentacularly enwrapped upon maturity","volume":"232","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msj054","article-title":"Evolutionary conservation of expression profiles between human and mouse orthologous genes","volume":"23","author":"Liao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.03.014","article-title":"On the dependency of cellular protein levels on mRNA abundance","volume":"165","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa525","article-title":"Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"71","author":"Luers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib37","article-title":"Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study","author":"Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0916-2","article-title":"Real-time tracking of self-reported symptoms to predict potential COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"Menni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002986","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002986","article-title":"A heparan-dependent herpesvirus targets the olfactory neuroepithelium for host entry","volume":"8","author":"Milho","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/01913120309944","article-title":"Ultrastructural changes and olfactory deficits during 3-methylindole-induced olfactory mucosal necrosis and repair in mice","volume":"27","author":"Miller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ultrastruct. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01851-07","article-title":"The spike glycoprotein of murine coronavirus MHV-JHM mediates receptor-independent infection and spread in the central nervous systems of Ceacam1a-\/- Mice","volume":"82","author":"Miura","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22587","article-title":"Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for COVID-19","volume":"10","author":"Moein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.062","article-title":"A first case of meningitis\/encephalitis associated with SARS-coronavirus-2","volume":"94","author":"Moriguchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1967.47.1.1","article-title":"Structure and function in the peripheral olfactory system","volume":"47","author":"Moulton","year":"1967","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib46","article-title":"The hypothalamus as a hub for SARS-CoV-2 brain infection and pathogenesis","author":"Nampoothiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7264","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00737-08","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2","volume":"82","author":"Netland","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15562-9","article-title":"Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV","volume":"11","author":"Ou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3104","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa240","article-title":"The emerging spectrum of COVID-19 neurology: clinical, radiological and laboratory findings","volume":"143","author":"Paterson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib50","series-title":"Why Losing Your Sense of Smell Could Be a Symptom of COVID-19","author":"Perrigo","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E119","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201187","article-title":"COVID-19-associated acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy: CT and MRI features","volume":"296","author":"Poyiadji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.07.028","article-title":"Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain","volume":"174","author":"Saunders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shang, J., Wan, Y., Luo, C., Ye, G., Geng, Q., Auerbach, A., and Li, F. (2020). Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003138117"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib54","series-title":"Susceptibility of Ferrets, Cats, Dogs, and Other Domesticated Animals to SARS-Coronavirus 2","author":"Shi","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63855-7.00002-2","article-title":"Anatomy of the olfactory system","volume":"164","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6771","article-title":"Alterations in smell or taste in mildly symptomatic outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"323","author":"Spinato","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00025","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00025-14","article-title":"Burkholderia pseudomallei penetrates the brain via destruction of the olfactory and trigeminal nerves: implications for the pathogenesis of neurological melioidosis","volume":"5","author":"St John","year":"2014","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0868-6","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes","volume":"26","author":"Sungnak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17300","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35607-w","article-title":"Dorsal-zone-specific reduction of sensory neuron density in the olfactory epithelium following long-term exercise or caloric restriction","volume":"8","author":"Tuerdi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.058","article-title":"Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein","volume":"181","author":"Walls","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30185-9","article-title":"A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern","volume":"395","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286420917830","article-title":"Potential neurological symptoms of COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib63","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells via a novel route: CD147-spike protein","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1086\/444461","article-title":"Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the brain: potential role of the chemokine mig in pathogenesis","volume":"41","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30293-0","article-title":"Smell and taste dysfunction in patients with COVID-19","volume":"20","author":"Xydakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.06.021","article-title":"Molecular architecture of the mouse nervous system","volume":"174","author":"Zeisel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","article-title":"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin","volume":"579","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["iScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004220310361?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004220310361?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T16:27:59Z","timestamp":1762878479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589004220310361"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589004220310361"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.03.31.013268","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2589-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0042","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"SARS-CoV-2 Receptors and Entry Genes Are Expressed in the Human Olfactory Neuroepithelium and Brain","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"iScience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101839","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Author(s).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101839"}}