{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:41:48Z","timestamp":1790811708267,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP17H04336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP17H04336"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18H02105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18H02105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP19K09822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19K09822"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20H04700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H04700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["iScience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T12:25:55Z","timestamp":1614687955000},"page":"102258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Three-dimensional understanding of the morphological complexity of the human uterine endometrium"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Manako","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosuke","family":"Yoshihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuaki","family":"Suda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8454-1159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Nakaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nozomi","family":"Yachida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruka","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Sugino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaro","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaoru","family":"Yamawaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6445-4066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Ishiguro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teiichi","family":"Motoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujiro","family":"Okuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Tainaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Enomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib1","author":"Al-Hussaini"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4749","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.144386","article-title":"Insights from imaging the implanting embryo and the uterine environment in three dimensions","volume":"143","author":"Arora","year":"2016","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2006.01.007","article-title":"History of adenomyosis","volume":"20","author":"Benagiano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.024109","article-title":"Clonogenicity of human endometrial epithelial and stromal cells","volume":"70","author":"Chan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2016.27.e8","article-title":"Therapeutic options for management of endometrial hyperplasia","volume":"27","author":"Chandra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12107","article-title":"Structural and molecular interrogation of intact biological systems","volume":"497","author":"Chung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gat031","article-title":"Uterine glands: development, function and experimental model systems","volume":"19","author":"Cooke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201100099","article-title":"The evolution of menstruation: a new model for genetic assimilation: explaining molecular origins of maternal responses to fetal invasiveness","volume":"34","author":"Emera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2012.119","article-title":"Three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organs using 3DISCO","volume":"7","author":"Erturk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.12.030","article-title":"Pathogenesis of uterine adenomyosis: invagination or metaplasia?","volume":"109","author":"Garcia-Solares","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib11","first-page":"137","article-title":"Endometrial stem\/progenitor cells: the first 10 years","volume":"22","author":"Gargett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep036","article-title":"A re-appraisal of the morphological changes within the endometrium during menstruation: a hysteroscopic, histological and scanning electron microscopic study","volume":"24","author":"Garry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02630.x","article-title":"Structural changes in endometrial basal glands during menstruation","volume":"117","author":"Garry","year":"2010","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2014-1045","article-title":"Cyclic decidualization of the human endometrium in reproductive health and failure","volume":"35","author":"Gellersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod65.5.1311","article-title":"Developmental biology of uterine glands","volume":"65","author":"Gray","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib16","series-title":"Anatomy of the Human Body","author":"Gray","year":"1918"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2928","article-title":"Scale: a chemical approach for fluorescence imaging and reconstruction of transparent mouse brain","volume":"14","author":"Hama","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-019-0409-3","article-title":"Three-dimensional visualization of cleared human pancreas cancer reveals that sustained epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is not required for venous invasion","volume":"33","author":"Hong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5785","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13708-y","article-title":"Uterine adenomyosis is an oligoclonal disorder associated with KRAS mutations","volume":"10","author":"Inoue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)46636-7","article-title":"Morphometric analysis of the human endometrium in relation to peripheral hormone levels","volume":"38","author":"Johannisson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3447","article-title":"SeeDB: a simple and morphology-preserving optical clearing agent for neuronal circuit reconstruction","volume":"16","author":"Ke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114.e1-7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.06.027","article-title":"Four subtypes of adenomyosis assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and their specification","volume":"207","author":"Kishi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.10.013","article-title":"Pathogenesis of endometriosis: the genetic\/epigenetic theory","volume":"111","author":"Koninckx","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2011.05.015","article-title":"Stem cells in endometrium and endometrial cancer: accumulating evidence and unresolved questions","volume":"308","author":"Kyo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib25","series-title":"Yen & Jaffe\u2019s Reproductive Endocrinology","article-title":"Chapter 9 - Structure, Function, and Evaluation of the Female Reproductive Tract","author":"Lessey","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.10.2725","article-title":"Endometriosis results from the dislocation of basal endometrium","volume":"17","author":"Leyendecker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2003.07.002","article-title":"Whole-mount sections displaying microvascular and glandular structures in human uterus using multiphoton excitation microscopy","volume":"34","author":"Manconi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Micron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-4328(00)00012-3","article-title":"Computer-generated, three-dimensional reconstruction of histological parallel serial sections displaying microvascular and glandular structures in human endometrium","volume":"32","author":"Manconi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Micron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2754","DOI":"10.2741\/e589","article-title":"Stem cell theory for the pathogenesis of endometriosis","volume":"4","author":"Maruyama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Biosci. (Elite Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib30","first-page":"605","article-title":"Extent of endometrial shedding during normal menstruation","volume":"26","author":"McLennan","year":"1965","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2214-z","article-title":"The mutational landscape of normal human endometrial epithelium","volume":"580","author":"Moore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00130-0","article-title":"Endometrial cancer","volume":"387","author":"Morice","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)30062-0","article-title":"Dating the endometrial biopsy","volume":"1","author":"Noyes","year":"1950","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37849.x","article-title":"Regeneration in the primate uterus: the role of stem cells","volume":"622","author":"Padykula","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod31.5.1103","article-title":"A zonal pattern of cell proliferation and differentiation in the rhesus endometrium during the estrogen surge","volume":"31","author":"Padykula","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(78)80015-8","article-title":"On the concept of stem cell and a model of functional-morphological structure of the endometrium","volume":"18","author":"Prianishnikov","year":"1978","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib37","series-title":"Histology: A Text and Atlas","author":"Ross","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib38","first-page":"232","article-title":"New concepts for an old problem: the diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia","volume":"23","author":"Sanderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.165","article-title":"Bmi1 is expressed in\u00a0vivo in intestinal stem cells","volume":"40","author":"Sangiorgi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmy028","article-title":"Uterine stem cells: from basic research to advanced cell therapies","volume":"24","author":"Santamaria","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib41","first-page":"57","article-title":"Rhizome regeneration of Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed) (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. I. Regeneration rate and size of regenerated plants","volume":"33","author":"S\u00e1sik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Folia Oecolog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2004.01.005","article-title":"A three-dimensional study of endometrial microvessels in women using the contraceptive subdermal levonorgestrel implant system, norplant","volume":"35","author":"Simbar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Micron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.07.037","article-title":"Clonal expansion and diversification of cancer-associated mutations in endometriosis and normal endometrium","volume":"24","author":"Suda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2015.085","article-title":"Advanced CUBIC protocols for whole-brain and whole-body clearing and imaging","volume":"10","author":"Susaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-111315-125001","article-title":"Chemical principles in tissue clearing and staining protocols for whole-body cell profiling","volume":"32","author":"Tainaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.07.056","article-title":"Chemical landscape for tissue clearing based on hydrophilic reagents","volume":"24","author":"Tainaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63653-X","article-title":"Evidence of the monoclonal composition of human endometrial epithelial glands and mosaic pattern of clonal distribution in luminal epithelium","volume":"163","author":"Tanaka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5478","article-title":"Histological 3D reconstruction and in\u00a0vivo lineage tracing of the human endometrium","volume":"251","author":"Tempest","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2017.06.016","article-title":"Pathogenesis of adenomyosis: an update on molecular mechanisms","volume":"35","author":"Vannuccini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22973","article-title":"Volumetric imaging of the developing prepubertal mouse uterine epithelium using light sheet microscopy","volume":"85","author":"Vue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcn119","article-title":"Adaptation of rhizome connections in drylands: increasing tolerance of clones to wind erosion","volume":"102","author":"Yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.01.030","article-title":"Cellular and molecular probing of intact human organs","volume":"180","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["iScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004221002261?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004221002261?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T17:34:31Z","timestamp":1754415271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589004221002261"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589004221002261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.739659964.793590458","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.739659964.793590690","asserted-by":"object"}],"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.05.29.118034","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2589-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0042","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Three-dimensional understanding of the morphological complexity of the human uterine endometrium","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"iScience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102258"}}