{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T06:38:16Z","timestamp":1785825496530,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001688","name":"ICGEB","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000032","name":"CIHR III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000032","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"FRQS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["iScience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]],"date-time":"2022-01-22T11:39:30Z","timestamp":1642851570000},"page":"103802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["An intraspecies Leishmania donovani hybrid from the Indian subcontinent is associated with an atypical phenotype of cutaneous disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5550-712X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Lypaczewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lovlesh","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aklank","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandhya","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9379-9509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kayla","family":"Paulini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8971-5525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greg","family":"Matlashewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manju","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1169464","article-title":"Demonstration of genetic exchange during cyclical development of Leishmania in the sand fly vector","volume":"324","author":"Akopyants","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab929","article-title":"VEuPathDB: the eukaryotic pathogen, vector and host bioinformatics resource center","author":"Amos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-017-0361-x","article-title":"Haplotype selection as an adaptive mechanism in the protozoan pathogen Leishmania donovani","volume":"1","author":"Barja","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm308","article-title":"TASSEL: software for association mapping of complex traits in diverse samples","volume":"23","author":"Bradbury","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31204-2","article-title":"Leishmaniasis","volume":"392","author":"Burza","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007143","article-title":"Genomic analysis of natural intra-specific hybrids among ethiopian isolates of leishmania donovani","volume":"14","author":"Cotton","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.04.021","article-title":"Integrated genomic and metabolomic profiling of ISC1, an emerging Leishmania donovani population in the Indian subcontinent","volume":"62","author":"Cuypers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007900","article-title":"Genomes of Leishmania parasites directly sequenced from patients with visceral leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent","author":"Domagalska","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000889","article-title":"Inference of population structure of leishmania donovani strains isolated from different ethiopian visceral leishmaniasis endemic areas","volume":"4","author":"Gelanew","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00599-17","article-title":"Modulation of aneuploidy in leishmania donovani during adaptation to different in vitro and in vivo environments and its impact on gene expression","volume":"8","author":"Dumetz","year":"2017","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2014.05.008","article-title":"Multilocus sequence and microsatellite identification of intra-specific hybrids and ancestor-like donors among natural ethiopian isolates of leishmania donovani","volume":"44","author":"Gelanew","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-258624","article-title":"Metabolic reconfiguration of the central glucose metabolism: a crucial strategy of Leishmania donovani for its survival during oxidative stress","volume":"29","author":"Ghosh","year":"2015","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01393-17","article-title":"Gene expression in Leishmania is regulated predominantly by gene dosage","volume":"8","author":"Iantorno","year":"2017","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib14","first-page":"5","article-title":"Evolutionary genomics of epidemic visceral leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent","author":"Imamura","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008042","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing of experimental hybrids supports meiosis-like sexual recombination in leishmania","volume":"15","author":"Inbar","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2883-x","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Leishmania donovani that causes cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: a cross sectional study with regional comparisons","volume":"17","author":"Kariyawasam","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.07.002","article-title":"Leishmania donovani causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: a wolf in sheep\u2019s clothing?","volume":"25","author":"Karunaweera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.129684.111","article-title":"VarScan 2: somatic mutation and copy number alteration discovery in cancer by exome sequencing","volume":"22","author":"Koboldt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.092759.109","article-title":"Circos: an information aesthetic for comparative genomics","volume":"19","author":"Krzywinski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0040001","article-title":"Haplotype mapping of a diploid non-meiotic organism using existing and induced aneuploidies","author":"Legrand","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz239","article-title":"Interactive Tree of Life (iTOL) v4: recent updates and new developments","volume":"47","author":"Letunic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp352","article-title":"The sequence alignment\/map format and SAMtools","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib23","article-title":"Aligning sequence reads, clone sequences and assembly contigs with BWA-MEM","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib24","article-title":"A complete Leishmania donovani reference genome identifies novel genetic variations associated with virulence","volume":"8","author":"Lypaczewski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e250","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00028-8","article-title":"Leishmania donovani hybridisation and introgression in nature: a comparative genomic investigation","volume":"2","author":"Lypaczewski","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.05.702","article-title":"Cutaneous and visceral tropisms of Leishmania tropica\/Leishmania infantum hybrids in a murine model: first report of hybrid Leishmania strains isolated in Turkey","volume":"16","author":"Ozbilgin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773212Y.0000000054","article-title":"Leishmania donovani zymodeme Mon-37 isolated from an autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis patient in Sri Lanka","volume":"106","author":"Ranasinghe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pathog. Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib28","article-title":"Eliminating visceral leishmaniasis in South Asia: the road ahead","author":"Rijal","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ (Online)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004092","article-title":"Genomic confirmation of hybridisation and recent inbreeding in a vector-isolated leishmania population","volume":"10","author":"Rogers","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-5271-z","article-title":"Genomic insights into virulence mechanisms of Leishmania donovani: evidence from an atypical strain","volume":"19","author":"Samarasinghe","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.104073","article-title":"ISC1, a new Leishmania donovani population emerging in the Indian sub-continent: vector competence of Phlebotomus argentipes","volume":"76","author":"Seblova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1303.060242","article-title":"Leishmania donovani and cutaneous leishmaniasis, Sri Lanka","volume":"13","author":"Siriwardana","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerging Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4093603","article-title":"Trends in recently emerged leishmania donovani induced cutaneous leishmaniasis, Sri Lanka, for the first 13 years","volume":"2019","author":"Siriwardana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.07.002","article-title":"Parasexuality and mosaic aneuploidy in Leishmania: alternative genetics","author":"Sterkers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006659","article-title":"Atypical leishmaniasis: a global perspective with emphasis on the Indian subcontinent","author":"Thakur","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.191761","article-title":"Leishmania donovani infection with atypical cutaneous manifestations, Himachal Pradesh, India, 2014\u20132018","volume":"26","author":"Thakur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerging Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004244","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004244","article-title":"Genetic analysis of leishmania donovani tropism using a naturally attenuated cutaneous strain","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."}],"container-title":["iScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004222000724?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589004222000724?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T16:57:47Z","timestamp":1762880267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589004222000724"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589004222000724"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-0042","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An intraspecies Leishmania donovani hybrid from the Indian subcontinent is associated with an atypical phenotype of cutaneous disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"iScience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103802","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103802"}}